Live and Die(生存和毀滅)

         Live and Die
      The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species--man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
      During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character.The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contaminatien of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world, the very nature of its
life.
      It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
     It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely
or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend,furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.

生存和毀滅
    地球上生命的歷史一直就是一部生物與其環(huán)境相互作用的歷史。在很大程度上，地球上動(dòng)植物的形態(tài)以及習(xí)性都是由外部環(huán)境所塑造的�？紤]到地球上生命存在的整個(gè)時(shí)間，相反作用——即生命對(duì)其周圍環(huán)境的實(shí)際改變作用一卻相對(duì)很小。只有在當(dāng)前這個(gè)世紀(jì)才有一個(gè)物種——人類，獲得了強(qiáng)大的力量，改變了其所生存的世界的自然狀態(tài)。
    在過(guò)去的l／4世紀(jì)中，這種力量不僅日趨強(qiáng)大，而且其性質(zhì)也發(fā)生了變化。在人類破壞環(huán)境的種種行為中，最令人擔(dān)憂的是人類向大氣、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危險(xiǎn)甚至致命物質(zhì)，而當(dāng)今這種污染在很大程度上是無(wú)法挽救的。在當(dāng)今這種對(duì)環(huán)境的普遍污染中，化學(xué)制品與輻射狼狽為奸，改變著地球的自然狀態(tài)，也就是改變著地球上生命自然狀態(tài)。
    地球歷經(jīng)了許多億年才創(chuàng)造了棲息其上的生命。經(jīng)過(guò)了一定時(shí)間——不是以若干年計(jì)算而是以上千年計(jì)算的時(shí)間——生命開始適應(yīng)環(huán)境，并形成了一種與環(huán)境的平衡。但是在當(dāng)今世界，時(shí)間這一因素已經(jīng)沒(méi)有了。
    我不是說(shuō)人類決不能使用化學(xué)殺蟲劑。我要說(shuō)的是，我們不分青紅皂白地將這些有毒的、具有強(qiáng)大生物功能的化學(xué)制品，交給了那些對(duì)這些制品的潛在危害基本上或者完全無(wú)知的人去使用。我們使眾多的人接觸這些有毒物質(zhì)，卻沒(méi)有征得他們的同意，并常常將他們蒙在鼓中、我還要說(shuō)的一點(diǎn)是，我們?cè)试S使用這些化學(xué)制品，卻事先很少或者根本沒(méi)有調(diào)查它們對(duì)土壤、水、野生生物以及人類自身造成的影響。我們?nèi)狈��?duì)萬(wàn)物賴以生存的自然界生態(tài)統(tǒng)一的關(guān)心，對(duì)此，我們的后代是不可能原諒的。

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