Loneliness(孤獨)

            Loneliness
              any people feel lonely sometimes.  It usually lasts only a short  while.  For  some  people,
though, loneliness can last for years.Researchers say there are three types of loneliness.
      The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type.  It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness is a natural result of a particular situation   for example, a family problem, the death of a friend, etc. Although
this kind of loneliness can cause headaches or sleeplessness,it usually doesn't last for more than a year.
      The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the other two types, it usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely peopie think there is little they can do to improve their condition.
      Psychologists agree that one important factor is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, coworkers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. However. psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.
      Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

孤獨
    很多人都曾感到過孤獨。通常這種感覺只出現(xiàn)很短一段時間。但是，對于一些人來說，這種孤獨感會持續(xù)幾年。研究人員說通常有三類孤獨。
    第一類是暫時性孤獨。這是最常見的一種。這種孤獨感消失{艮快，一般無需特別關注。第二類，情景性孤獨，是某種特定情景的自然結果—例如，家庭問題，朋友去世等等。盡管這種孤獨常會引起頭痛、失眠等癥狀，但一般說來，它不會超過一年。
    第三類孤獨最為嚴重。與前兩種不同，這種孤獨常常會持續(xù)兩年以上，而且找不出特別的原因。不幸的是，很多長期孤獨的人會覺得對改善現(xiàn)狀無能為力。
    心理學家認同造成孤獨的一個重要因素就是人的社會聯(lián)系，即朋友、家人、同事等。  由于種種原因，我們要和不同的人打交道。但是，心理學家也發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管這些孤獨的人也可能有很多社會關系，但他們有時覺得他們應該擁有更多。他們對自己是否受人歡迎沒有把握。
    心理學家正試圖找到合適的方法來幫助習慣性的孤獨人群：他們郁郁寡歡，無法融入社會，而很多嚴重的疾病，例如心臟病等都與這種慢性孤獨感相關。暫時性和情景性孤
獨是正常、健康生活的一部分，而長期的孤獨則是一種糟糕的，有時甚至是危險的情況。

 

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