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故宮中英文導(dǎo)游詞
作為一名具備豐富知識的導(dǎo)游，很有必要精心設(shè)計一份導(dǎo)游詞，導(dǎo)游詞一般是根據(jù)實際的游覽景觀、遵照一定的游覽路線、模擬游覽活動而創(chuàng)作的。那么導(dǎo)游詞應(yīng)該怎么寫呢？以下是小編整理的故宮中英文導(dǎo)游詞，希望能夠幫助到大家。
故宮中英文導(dǎo)游詞1
大家好!歡迎游客們到故宮觀光游覽。今天，我將帶領(lǐng)大家游覽故宮，希望游客們能喜歡我!
游客們!故宮博物院是在明、清兩代皇宮——紫禁城的基礎(chǔ)上建立的一座集古代建筑群、宮廷收藏、歷代文化藝術(shù)為一體的`大型綜合性博物館。紫禁城占地面積約100多萬平方米，建筑面積約1萬平米。故宮里一共居住過24位皇帝，第一位是明代永樂皇帝朱棣，最后一位是清代宣統(tǒng)皇帝溥儀，統(tǒng)治全國長達(dá)491年。所以說故宮的歷史非常悠久呢!
游客們，請往上看，這就是午門，在古代，殺什么人都要在午門前殺呢!從午門進(jìn)去，我們就可以看到內(nèi)金水橋。從內(nèi)金水橋過去，過一個太和門，就可以看到宮廷原狀陳列的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，是皇帝聽政的地方，宏偉之極。從保和殿出來，過一個乾清門，就來到乾清宮、交泰殿和坤寧宮，傳說修故宮時，是為了能天下太平，才修的這三個地方呢。過了坤寧門，就是御花園，御花園里景色秀美，有許多奇形怪狀的石頭，遇到這些石頭時，記住留影紀(jì)念喔!
再過了順貞門和神武門，我們的故宮之游就結(jié)束了�；仡^看看這雄偉的故宮，是不是有些舍不得呢?
Everybody is good! Wele to the Palace Museum tourists sightseeing. Today, I will take you visit the Forbidden City, in the hope that visitors can enjoy me!!!!!!!
The tourists! The Palace Museum is in the Ming and qing dynasties imperial palace, the Forbidden City built on the basis of a collection of ancient buildings, collection, imperial palace culture art as one of the large-scale prehensive museum. The Forbidden City covers an area of about more than 100 square meters, construction area of about 1 square meters. A total of 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City, the first is the Ming dynasty yongle emperor zhu di, the last one is the qing dynasty xuantong emperor, puyi, ruled the country for 491 years. So the Palace Museum of history is very long!
Visitors, please look up, this is the meridian gate, in ancient times, what kill people to kill in front of the meridian gate! From the meridian gate, we can see the jinshui bridge. From the jinshui bridge in the past, a gate, can see the Palace Museum of taihe palace, zhonghe palace and Baohe Palace, is the place where the emperor emperor, very grand. Out of Baohe Palace, a gate of heavenly purity, came to the palace of heavenly purity, this temple and palace of earthly tranquility, legend built the Forbidden City, is in order to world peace, to take these three places? Kun ning door, is the imperial garden, the garden scenery beautiful, there are a number of strange stone, e across these stones, remember pictures to memorate!
Before the gate is her virginity and creature door, our trip to the Forbidden City is over. Look at this magnificent palace, and some loathe to give up?
故宮中英文導(dǎo)游詞2
各位朋友，穿過午門，現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入故宮。故宮中這第一進(jìn)院落就是太和門廣場。首先我們看到是內(nèi)金水河，它子西向東婉言流過太和門廣場，上邊有五座漢白玉石橋，就是內(nèi)金水橋，它們象征五德，即仁、義、禮、智、信，是皇帝集美好的品質(zhì)為一身的意思。金水橋下市內(nèi)金水河，內(nèi)金水河從紫禁城西北角筒子河涵道引入紫禁城，沿紫禁城內(nèi)西側(cè)南流，至武英殿東向，經(jīng)武英殿門前，再東經(jīng)涵道至太和門前。又經(jīng)涵道東出至文淵閣前水池，從文淵閣東出經(jīng)三座門前石橋，最后流入無門東側(cè)筒子河，全長2100米。內(nèi)金水河的作用不僅是故宮中排水的主要通道，也是宮中營造用水和滅火的主要水源，同時還起到了分隔空間、點(diǎn)綴景觀的作用，使太和門廣場在雄渾中不失秀美。
跨過金水橋，這片廣場曾經(jīng)是明代皇帝玉門聽政時百官待駕的地方。何謂“御門聽政”呢?這“御門”即指太和門，即前朝的正門，初建于明永樂年間，當(dāng)時叫奉天門，明嘉靖年間改稱皇極門，清順治年后改稱太和門�！奥犝笔侵嘎犎≌隆Ｃ饔罉坊实壑扉w都北京不到百日，三大殿被大火燒毀，朱棣曾在此御門聽政，處理國家朝政。清朝入關(guān)后，清世祖福臨的登基典禮、加封多爾袞為叔父攝政王、封吳三桂為平西王等活動都是在太和門舉行的。
太和門東廡中間的門叫協(xié)和門，西廡中間的門叫熙和門。太和門、協(xié)和門、熙和門加上前朝三大殿的太和殿、中和殿、保和殿稱為“六合”。在太和門兩旁還有兩道門，分別為昭德門和貞度門。
過了太和門我們就來到了故宮中最重要的院落--太和殿及其廣場。太和殿廣場幾本呈正方形，整個院落平坦寬闊，氣勢非凡。中間御路以青石，兩側(cè)青磚墁地。北有太和殿，南為太和殿，東為體仁閣，西為弘義閣，面積約3萬平方米，是整座紫禁城面積的1/24。整個廣場可容納近7萬人。在每年的元旦、冬至以及皇帝登基、大婚、萬壽這些重大活動的時候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿廣場舉行隆重的大朝禮。
大家請看，遠(yuǎn)處正前方是一片漢白玉雕砌的三層高臺基，呈“土”字形，俗稱“三臺”。臺基高8.13米，臺邊緣高7.12米，三層臺基間，分列著18尊鼎式香爐。在每一層基座的邊緣都伸出很多小龍頭，那些小龍的名字叫“螭”，是傳說中一種沒有角的龍，這些小龍頭實際上是大殿的排水系統(tǒng)。如果仔細(xì)看會發(fā)現(xiàn)每個龍頭的嘴里都有一個小孔，即噴水孔，三層基座之上共設(shè)小龍頭1142個，每當(dāng)下大雨的時候，雨水便從1142個龍頭嘴里的小孔內(nèi)排出，非常壯觀。為管中一景，被稱為“千龍吐水”。三重臺基承托著雄偉的三大殿，這就是故宮的中心建筑--太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿位于“土”字形須彌座的南部，各位可以先在這里留個影，然后我們就去參觀太和殿。
好!現(xiàn)在我們面前這座高臺上的宏偉建筑就是太和殿，也就是民間所說的“金鑾寶殿”。太和殿是紫禁城的正殿，被視為黃泉的象征。太和殿始建于明永樂年間，原名奉天殿，嘉靖年間重建后改稱皇極殿。清初順治年間改稱太和殿，康熙年間又兩次大規(guī)模改造，才有今天我們看到的太和殿的規(guī)模�！疤汀倍殖鲎浴吨芤浊柁o傳》中的“乾道變化，各證性命，保合大和乃利貞�！薄疤奔创�，“和”即和諧。意思是在天道的主宰夏，陰陽和合，太和元?dú)獬＿\(yùn)不息，萬物和諧共存。太和殿面闊11間，進(jìn)深5間，殿高35.05米，面積約2377平方米。它是紫禁城乃至全國現(xiàn)存的最高、最大、最尊貴的宮殿，也是現(xiàn)存的中國宮殿建筑中規(guī)模最大的一座。太和殿在清明兩代是舉行大朝禮的地方。每逢元旦、冬至、萬壽，即皇帝生日這三大節(jié)及皇帝登基、大婚、命將出征、金殿傳臚等重大活動都要在他喝點(diǎn)舉行隆重的'慶典。此外，冬至圜丘壇大忌、孟春圜丘壇常雩禮、孟春祁谷壇前一日，皇帝也都要在太和殿閱視祭祀祝版。
大家請?zhí)ь^看太和殿的屋頂，太和殿屋頂是采用古建筑中等級最高的重檐廡殿頂。屋頂正脊上兩頭的這兩大琉璃構(gòu)件叫大吻，吻上的龍形有鎮(zhèn)火的意思。除了裝飾性，它的使用功能是密合殿頂正脊和垂脊的交會處，以防風(fēng)雨侵蝕。這兩個大吻高3.4米，寬2.68米，重4.3噸，由13塊琉璃構(gòu)件組成，是現(xiàn)存古建中最大的吻。太和殿殿頂四面坡的筒子瓦上鑲有琉璃帽釘兩排，垂脊上還有10個垂脊獸，分別是龍、鳳、獅、海馬、天馬、押魚、狻猊、獬豸、斗牛、行什，脊獸錢是騎鳳仙人。脊獸和帽釘既有裝飾作用又有實用性，他們起著固定屋頂琉璃瓦的作用。在我國古代，脊獸的數(shù)量依照建筑物的等級高低而不同，數(shù)量越多，代表了殿宇等級越高。太和殿的脊獸共有10只，全國只有故宮的太和殿是這樣。此外，太和殿裝飾用的彩繪也是最高等級的金龍和璽。
現(xiàn)在請大家跟隨我一起登上高臺來看看太和殿的內(nèi)部陳設(shè)。太和殿由72根巨柱支撐，其中66根大紅漆柱分布兩側(cè)，6根瀝粉貼金蟠龍金柱分列寶座兩旁。大殿內(nèi)的地上是“金磚漫地”，這種金磚主要產(chǎn)于江蘇省蘇州，是專門為皇宮燒造的細(xì)料方磚。之所以叫金磚，是因為這種磚燒制時間130天，質(zhì)地細(xì)密，敲之有金石之聲。太和殿內(nèi)的主要陳列室皇帝的寶座。寶座位于二米高的須彌式地平床上，通體雕以金龍，椅子后面是雕龍金漆的七扇屏風(fēng)。金鑾寶座是明代的遺物，清朝的皇帝繼續(xù)使用。在袁世凱復(fù)辟的時候，曾經(jīng)將它換成了一個西式靠背坐椅。解放以后，專家們在庫房內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了寶座的殘件，經(jīng)過一年多的研究整修，終于恢復(fù)了寶座原貌。
現(xiàn)在請大家抬頭看，寶座的上方時蟠龍藻井，上圓下方，深1.8米，由上、中、下三部分組成，最下層是方井，中層為八角形，上部為圓形。井內(nèi)蟠龍俯首向下，龍口銜一個銅胎中空的水銀球。這個球被稱為軒轅鏡，寓意下面寶座上的皇帝是軒轅黃帝的正統(tǒng)繼承人。藻井的設(shè)置一方面是烘托帝王的尊嚴(yán)，另一方面還有鎮(zhèn)火的含義。
號，再來看寶座前方，大家可以看到寶座前設(shè)有腳踏、香筒、甪端、仙鶴、寶象等。香筒是皇帝上朝的時候用于放置檀香的，通過燃燒著的裊裊的香煙，烘托出一種神秘的氣氛。再來看象，身上駝著寶瓶，里面放有五谷，寓意天下太平，吉慶有余。而象身四腳立地，穩(wěn)如泰山，則象征社會和政權(quán)的穩(wěn)固，稱為太平有象。甪端，是傳說中的一種神獸，象征著當(dāng)今皇帝是圣明之君。仙鶴被古人看作是一種長壽鳥，象征著江山長存。
看完了太和殿內(nèi)景，現(xiàn)在，讓我們轉(zhuǎn)過頭來再來看看殿外的陳設(shè)。在太和殿外的露臺上左右各有一只龍頭烏龜和一只銅鶴。龜鶴都是祥瑞長壽的動物，擺在這里有千秋萬代的含義。再仔細(xì)觀察一下，大家可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，龜鶴實際上是香爐，龜鶴背上有一塊可以開啟的蓋子，里面可以放香料，上大朝時燃香用，屆時香煙從龜鶴口中逸出，烘托了一種神秘莊嚴(yán)地氣氛。此外，在太和殿丹陛的東南角還設(shè)有日晷。日晷是我國古代的一種計時器，由晷盤和晷針組成，晷針從晷盤中心垂直穿過。自古以來，皇帝就有向天下頒布?xì)v書的責(zé)任，所以日晷的設(shè)置是國家的重器之一。太和殿西南角設(shè)有嘉量，是古代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量器，放置在這里象征國家的統(tǒng)一和強(qiáng)盛。這兩件陳設(shè)象征皇帝在時間上和空間上都是公正無私的，對天下百姓都是坦誠、平等的。
此外，在太和殿外東西兩側(cè)還各有鎏金青銅太平缸兩口，每口重約2噸。鎏金是一種金屬加工工藝，據(jù)說這么大的太平缸需要用黃金100兩。不幸的是，上面的黃金卻被八國聯(lián)軍用軍刀刮走了�，F(xiàn)在我們還可以清晰地看到缸身上留下的刀刮痕跡。太平缸的主要用途是儲水，以備日常灑掃庭院、防火之用。據(jù)記載明朝時有熱水處太監(jiān)在每年的小雪節(jié)令，便給缸加蓋，缸座底下加帖抽，用來生活，以防止缸內(nèi)的水結(jié)冰，清朝時也是如此。紫禁城內(nèi)現(xiàn)在共有明清兩朝遺留下來的銅質(zhì)及鐵質(zhì)太平缸308口，其中鎏金金銅缸18口。
以上就是太和殿的情況。我剛才說了，太和殿是舉行大典的地方，在古代，舉行各種大典都要選良辰吉日，那么皇帝在何處等待這里是性時刻的來臨呢?就是太和殿后面的中和殿，那我們現(xiàn)在就去看看!
中和殿位于太和殿和保和殿之間，正處于“土”字形須彌座的中部。殿為方形，四角攢尖，鎏金寶頂。中和殿在明朝初年稱為華蓋殿，嘉靖年間改稱中極殿，順治年間改為中和殿�！爸泻汀倍秩∽浴抖Y記中庸》“中也者，天下之大本也;和也者，天下之達(dá)道也�！斌w現(xiàn)了儒家中庸之道的思想。
在明清兩代，凡遇到三大節(jié)舉行慶典前，皇帝在趕赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受內(nèi)閣、內(nèi)大臣、都察院、翰林院官員及侍衛(wèi)人員的朝賀。如果遇到皇帝親自參加方澤、太廟、社稷及歷代帝王廟、先師孔子、朝日、夕月等重大幾點(diǎn)的時候，皇帝還要提前一天在中和殿閱覽祝文，檢查種子和農(nóng)具。
過了中和殿，我們就來到了保和殿，它位于“土”字形須彌座的后部，為重檐歇山頂。明初永樂年間這里叫做謹(jǐn)身殿，嘉靖時改為建極殿，順治年間改為中和殿。保和殿名稱來源與太和殿相同，意思是統(tǒng)治者應(yīng)該報紙?zhí)烊撕弦�，維護(hù)萬物的平衡。
保和殿在明清兩代用途不同。明朝的時候，在舉行冊立大典的是偶，皇帝都要在保和殿內(nèi)更衣。在年底，還要在此宴請文武百官。在清朝時，每逢除夕，皇帝在這里舉行宴會，宴請外藩王公。公主下嫁的宴請活動也在這里舉行。到了乾隆皇帝以后，保和殿又多了一個用途，成為科舉考試中殿試的地方。
大家隨我往后走，大家看，在保和殿后的臺階上的這塊石雕丹陛，是艾葉青石雕刻而成的，石雕四周都是卷草紋，下端是海水江牙紋，中央是飛云簇?fù)淼木艞l蛟龍。制作非常精美，是難得的石雕珍品。這塊丹陛石長16.57米，寬3.07米，厚1.7米，重達(dá)200多噸，這是紫禁城內(nèi)最大的一塊石雕丹陛，采自北京房山境內(nèi)的大石窩。
好啦!故宮的前三點(diǎn)講解到此結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在請大家參觀保和殿并稍作休息，我們10分鐘后集合，謝謝大家!
Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity.
Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings.
Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we e to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude.
There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity.
When you look up the building in the Forbidden City, you can see mythical animal statues on the eaves of each building. Originally, there used to be big wooden nails on the roof to prevent the tiles from sliding down. Later they were replaced by glazed tiles, which were shaped into mythical animal statues for better beautification. They are symbols of auspiciousness and peace, and people believed that they are capable of subduing fire and warding off evil spirits.
Inside of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, you can see the gilded caisson ceiling high above the throne with a magnificent sculpture of a curling dragon playing with a huge pear was called “Xuanyuan Jing”， representing orthodox succession.
This hall is supported by 72 giant columns inside. In the old days, the traditional way of the Chinese to calculate a “room” is that: a square enclosed by four pillars was treated as one “room”， so the hall can be said to have 55 “rooms” in total. The six columns inside are gilded and painted with coiled dragon amidst clouds, and the rest are painted red.
The emperor's throne is placed on the dais in the center, and carved in cloud and dragon patterns and gilded. On both sides of the throne are a pair of elephant-shaped incense burners symbolize universal peace and two incense burners shaped as a mythical animal 9,000 kilometers per day and speaking all the languages of nearby kingdoms. Around the throne stand a pair of bronze cranes and in front of the dais is four cloisonné incense burners. The floor on the ground is paved with “Gold Bricks”， specially made in Suzhou.
The Hall of Middle Harmony is a square-shaped hall with a single pyramidic roof standing behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony. This was the place where the emperor would take a short rest before he went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony for grand ceremonies. Every year before the emperor went to the Altars and Temples, the emperor would receive and read the sacrificial address here.
Before the emperor went to the Altar of Agriculture for offering the sacrifice, the seeds intended for spring sowing and the ploughs were examined here, just to show the concern of the emperor for agriculture.
According to the rule, the imperial genealogy should be revised every ten years. The ceremony of presenting the genealogy to the emperor for revision and approval would also be held here.
Now, we e to the Hall of Preserving Harmony, the last of the three front halls.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, on each New Year's Eve and the 15th day of the lunar moth, banquets would be held to entertain the civil and military officials and the princes and envoys of the Mongolian nobles and other nationalities. To celebrate the princess's marriage, the emperor would incite the bridegroom and his father as well as their relatives who served for the imperial government to a banquet.
The Imperial Palace Exam was held here once every three years in the Qing dynasty.
Just behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony, there is a big Marble Rampcarved with mountain cliffs, sea waves, clouds and nine dragons. It is 16.57 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick, and weighs about 250 tons.
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