北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞(熱門)
作為一名專門為游客提供幫助的導(dǎo)游，就不得不需要編寫導(dǎo)游詞，導(dǎo)游詞的主要特點(diǎn)是口語(yǔ)化，此外還具有知識(shí)性、文學(xué)性、禮節(jié)性等特點(diǎn)。優(yōu)秀的導(dǎo)游詞都具備一些什么特點(diǎn)呢？以下是小編為大家整理的北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞，僅供參考，大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞1
大家好！歡迎你們來(lái)到故宮游覽觀光！我是你們今天的導(dǎo)游，大家可以叫我“小何”，希望大家能夠通過(guò)我的帶領(lǐng)，在故宮玩得盡興、開心。路上有什么問(wèn)題可以隨時(shí)跟我溝通。
故宮是明清兩朝的皇宮，始建于永樂(lè)四年(1406年)，落成于永樂(lè)十八年，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有600多年歷史了，曾經(jīng)有24個(gè)皇帝在此居住過(guò)。故宮東西寬753米，南北長(zhǎng)961米，總面積72萬(wàn)平方米，內(nèi)有宮室9999間半，是中國(guó)保存最好的皇宮。今天我們要參觀的是天安門，午門和太和殿。
首先，我們要參觀的是天安門。天安門原名承天門，1651年改名為天安門。天安門旁的花花草草和金黃的屋頂，鮮紅的柱子，形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。天安門上的燈籠，在照耀著中華民族的前進(jìn)之路。屋頂上的龍，瞪著水汪汪的大眼睛，鋒利的爪子緊緊地抓住圓珠，仰天長(zhǎng)嘯，好像在怒吼著嚇走敵人。大家可以到天安門上去，站在高臺(tái)上鳥瞰，北京的風(fēng)貌將有大半收在眼底，鳥巢和水立方在遠(yuǎn)處若隱若現(xiàn)。大家可以盡情拍照留念，同時(shí)也要注意安全。
從天安門上下來(lái)，向東出發(fā)，就來(lái)到了著名的午門。午門是故宮的正門，每當(dāng)皇帝迎接凱旋的將士時(shí)，都是在這里舉行的儀式。午門被分成為三層，上面刻畫著鳳凰，象征著高雅，刻畫的鳳凰，有的展翅飛翔，有的卷起尾巴，舒服的休息著，還有的朝天仰望，好像在一展歌喉。午門充分展現(xiàn)了古代勞動(dòng)人民的細(xì)致工藝和美好憧憬，我們不能破壞這件珍貴的文物。
走出午門就來(lái)到了今天的'最后一站一一太和殿。太和殿是我國(guó)最大的木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑。走進(jìn)大殿，只見兩根巨大的紅柱出現(xiàn)在眼前，柱子上有九條龍，它們們互相纏繞，象征著團(tuán)結(jié)合作。背景是五彩的碧空，像一根根彩帶，隨風(fēng)舞動(dòng)。走出大殿，一排排白橋立在前邊。橋上的每個(gè)柱頭都有白色的小獅子，他們形態(tài)各異，姿態(tài)不一，沒有哪兩只是相同的。正所謂：“金水橋白寧秀壽，九龍壁彩御花芬�！�
好啦，今天的游覽到此結(jié)束！謝謝各位的支持，再見！
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞2
大家好，我是山水旅游公司的導(dǎo)游小呂，你們也可以叫我呂導(dǎo)，因?yàn)楣蕦m很大，所以大家一定要跟緊了千萬(wàn)別掉隊(duì)，不然就會(huì)迷路了哦!
現(xiàn)存，我來(lái)介紹故宮，故宮是在1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。故宮是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大最完整的古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑群。在故宮實(shí)景拍攝的'獲奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的電影《末代皇帝》，就是取材于清未歷史。
大家往這邊走，看，這就是著名的午門了，它是故宮的正門，位于故宮的南北軸線，來(lái)，大家看這里的介紹牌，可以更加了解午門。 好了，現(xiàn)存我們來(lái)到的是太和殿，它高35.05米，面積是2377平方米。太和殿是明清二兩皇帝舉行大典的場(chǎng)所�；实鄣牡腔蟮涠荚谶@里舉辦。
各位游客請(qǐng)往這邊走，這就是養(yǎng)心殿，它建于明嘉靖十六年，是皇帝讀書、學(xué)習(xí)及居住為一體的多功能建筑哦!游客朋友們，現(xiàn)在是自由活動(dòng)時(shí)間，兩小時(shí)后在午門集中，自由活動(dòng)的時(shí)候不要亂扔垃圾哦!不然會(huì)破壞這里的環(huán)境。好了，解散。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞3
親愛的游客們，我是你們的導(dǎo)游，我姓張，可以叫我小張，也可以叫我張導(dǎo)。請(qǐng)不要在墻上、古代物品上刻畫，也不要亂扔垃圾哦!故宮位于北京市中心，舊稱紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宮，也是世界現(xiàn)存最大、最完整的.古代建筑群，被譽(yù)為五大宮之首。故宮開始建造于明永樂(lè)四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。你們看!故宮的四個(gè)漂亮的大門，我來(lái)告訴你它們的名字吧!正門名為午門，俗稱五鳳樓。午門一般只有皇帝才可以出入呢!狀元、榜眼和探花的人只可以從此門出入一次。后門“神武門”，明朝為“玄武門”，因?yàn)樾涫枪糯纳瘾F之一。
清代康熙年間因避諱改為“神武門”。“東華門”與“西華門”是個(gè)“對(duì)門”門外設(shè)有下馬碑石，門內(nèi)金水河南北流向，上架石橋一座，橋北還有三座門�？禳c(diǎn)兒，快點(diǎn)兒，快點(diǎn)兒去太和門吧!太和門里有三座大殿，分別是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你們自己去看看吧!二十分鐘之后記得回來(lái)找我哦!看!那兒是內(nèi)廷，內(nèi)廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子們生活的地方�？烊タ纯窗�!因?yàn)閮?nèi)廷比較長(zhǎng)，所以拿著你們手中的地圖，三十分鐘后我們?cè)谟▓@里碰面哦!御花園里鳥語(yǔ)花香，草木茂盛。各位家長(zhǎng)注意孩子的安全，不要讓他們爬假山。還有不要折鮮花和小草哦!哦，我們到出口了。好了，我們這次的故宮游玩到此結(jié)束了。如果下次還想來(lái)北京故宮要記得找我哦!在回家的路上要注意安全哦!
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞4
游客們：
大家好！
我是你們本次故宮游覽的導(dǎo)游：xxx。
大家如果有不懂的問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)盡管問(wèn)。
在旅游前，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我提出幾個(gè)進(jìn)故宮應(yīng)該注意的'事項(xiàng)“
一、請(qǐng)不要抽煙。
二、請(qǐng)不要亂丟垃圾。
三、請(qǐng)不要隨意離開隊(duì)伍，以免掉隊(duì)。
好，現(xiàn)在就開始游故宮吧!
我先介紹一下故宮：故宮舊稱“紫禁城”，始建于明永樂(lè)四年至十八年，也就是公元一四零六年到一四二零年。
是明清兩代的皇宮，封建皇朝的統(tǒng)治中心。
紫禁城周長(zhǎng)3400余米，城墻高10米，城墻下寬8.6米，上寬6.66米。
大家走過(guò)護(hù)城河，就可以看到前朝的宮殿。
前朝的宮殿以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿為中心。
三大殿之后為內(nèi)廷，有乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮以及東西六宮。
乾清宮是皇帝的寢宮，其后的坤寧宮是皇后的寢宮。
這三宮總稱“后三宮”。
我們可以在這兒多拍些照片，作為紀(jì)念。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了故宮后面的御花園里。
這里樓臺(tái)亭閣，翠綠蒼松，點(diǎn)綴著奇花異石，趣味盎然。
遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去，一重重黃色的琉璃瓦，一道道深紅色的圍墻，加上漢白玉欄桿和梁柱裝飾，令人感到故宮規(guī)模宏偉，氣象萬(wàn)千。
朋友們，本次游覽快要結(jié)束了，故宮歡迎大家下次光臨!
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞5
大家好！
歡迎大家來(lái)到北京。北京有許多名勝古跡，這天我?guī)ьI(lǐng)大家參觀的是著名的故宮。我是大家的導(dǎo)游，我姓胡，大家能夠叫我胡導(dǎo)，但大家請(qǐng)放心，我決不會(huì)給大家“胡導(dǎo)”的。這位是我們的司機(jī)師傅，也姓胡。所以，本次參觀就由我們“二胡”組合來(lái)為大家服務(wù)。
我們此刻正在去故宮的路上，借著這點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我先給大家介紹一下故宮。此時(shí)故宮是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大最完整的皇宮，在世界上堪稱最為壯麗的古代建筑群，已有近600年的歷史。故宮是我國(guó)明、清兩代24個(gè)皇帝的.皇宮。故宮的建筑布局分為外朝和內(nèi)廷。外朝是皇帝舉行大典和召見大臣的主要場(chǎng)所，內(nèi)廷是皇帝處理日常政務(wù)和后妃及幼年皇子居住游玩的地方。故宮共有宮殿9000多間，雕梁畫柱，金碧輝煌，十分華麗威嚴(yán)。
好，此刻我們已經(jīng)到達(dá)停車場(chǎng)，請(qǐng)大家跟隨我進(jìn)入故宮。在進(jìn)門之前，我要提醒大家：應(yīng)對(duì)我們祖先留下的這些珍貴文物時(shí)，要格外珍惜，不要損壞。
最后，祝大家本次參觀玩的開心。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞6
各位游客：
大家好，歡迎來(lái)到故宮參觀，我姓陳，您們叫我陳導(dǎo)就行了。我先給大家介紹一下故宮的概況，之后介紹太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宮、和。故宮，又名紫禁城，是我國(guó)重要的歷史愛護(hù)文物，1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”名錄。
紫禁城的由來(lái)有兩種說(shuō)法，第一種是依照中國(guó)古代星象學(xué)說(shuō)：北極星在中天，故宮正好對(duì)著北極星，天人對(duì)應(yīng)；其次種是：由于故宮是紫色的，又是禁城，所以故宮又稱紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣開頭營(yíng)造這座宮殿，到明永樂(lè)十八年（1420年）落成。
在之后五百多年里，共有24位皇帝在那里生活居住。紫禁城四周有高10m的城墻和寬52m的護(hù)城河。城南北長(zhǎng)961m，東西寬753m，占地面積達(dá)72萬(wàn)。
故宮建筑布局沿中軸線向兩側(cè)綻開，宮殿建筑總面積達(dá)163，000。太和殿是皇上召集大臣上朝和協(xié)商國(guó)家大事的地方。自1420年建成后屢遭焚毀，又多次重建，這天看到的是清代康熙三十四年（1695年）重建的。太和殿建筑面積2377，相當(dāng)于50個(gè)教室，高35.05m，相當(dāng)于10層樓那么高，為紫禁城內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的.殿宇。
太和殿裝飾非常豪華，殿內(nèi)金磚鋪地，設(shè)有寶座。說(shuō)是金磚，但是金磚不是用金子做的，金磚是專供宮殿使用的一種高質(zhì)量的鋪地方磚，產(chǎn)自蘇州、松江等地，選料精良，制作工藝簡(jiǎn)單。因其質(zhì)地堅(jiān)細(xì)，敲起來(lái)發(fā)出金屬般聲音，故名金磚。太和殿前有寬敞的平臺(tái)，稱為丹陛，俗稱月臺(tái)。月臺(tái)上陳設(shè)日晷、嘉量各一，銅龜、銅鶴各一對(duì)，銅鼎18座。大家往太和殿兩側(cè)看，是不是有許多個(gè)大水缸？它是干什么的呢，對(duì)了，是滅火的。大水缸的下面有一個(gè)凹槽，是由于冬天水會(huì)結(jié)冰，往凹槽里放火把就能不讓水結(jié)冰。
太和殿是故宮里最總要重要的宮殿，很多歷史決策都是從那里出去的。太和殿后是中和殿，是皇上上朝前休息的地方。保和殿位于中和殿后，是殿試的地方。考試的第一名叫狀元，其次名稱為磅眼，第三名是探花。不知皇帝端坐在上上面，考生是不是會(huì)緊急的顫抖�；实郯训钤囍湓趯m殿內(nèi)，可見皇帝是多莫重視殿試。
故宮后半部分是皇帝和妃子們生活和居住的地方。乾清宮是后宮最大的宮殿，是皇上的寢宮。宮內(nèi)寶座上方懸“正大光明”匾，據(jù)傳皇帝把自己立的太子名字放在“正大光明”匾后，用這種方法確定皇位繼承人，削減為爭(zhēng)奪皇位自相慘殺。
坤寧宮是皇后的寢宮，它是唯一一座在中軸線上的妃子的寢宮，也是距離乾清宮最近的，體現(xiàn)了皇后在后宮中至高無(wú)上的地位，“一個(gè)勝利男人的背后總有一個(gè)勝利的女人”這句話在那里得到了印證。在坤寧宮前有個(gè)小的宮殿交泰殿，它是皇后在千秋節(jié)日收賀禮的地方。我們參觀的只是中軸線上的重要宮殿，中軸線的后面是御花園，兩旁還有一些宮殿，前半部分是以太和殿為中心，后半部分是一些妃子和宮女的寢宮。此刻解說(shuō)完畢，請(qǐng)大家自由參觀。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞7
故宮太和殿位于北京故宮博物院，民間俗稱"金鑾殿”，是故宮外廷三大殿中最大的一座，也是故宮中最高大的建筑太和殿是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的木結(jié)構(gòu)大殿。明清兩朝24個(gè)皇帝都在太和殿舉行盛大典禮，如皇帝登極即位、皇帝大婚、冊(cè)立皇后、命將出征，此外每年萬(wàn)壽節(jié)、元旦、冬至三大節(jié)，皇帝在此接受文武官員的朝賀，并向王公大臣賜宴。
太和殿有著悠久的歷史，是典型的古典建筑，于明永樂(lè)十八年（1420年）建成，現(xiàn)所見為清代康熙三十四年(1695年)重建后的形制。
太和殿外部結(jié)構(gòu)既威嚴(yán)雄壯，又堅(jiān)固耐用。太和殿面闊11間, 進(jìn)深5間，殿高35. 05米，面積2377平方米，共55間，72根大柱,建筑面積2377.00㎡，高26.92m，連同臺(tái)基通高35.05m，為紫禁城內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的殿宇。
太和殿檐角安放騎鳳仙人、鴟（吃）吻、獅子、天馬等10個(gè)走獸，數(shù)量之多為現(xiàn)存古建筑中所僅見，顯示了其至高無(wú)上的重要地位。在中國(guó)古建筑的岔脊上都裝飾有一些小獸, 這些小獸數(shù)量及排列有著嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，在其它古建筑上（中和殿、保和殿、天安門等）最多使用九個(gè)走獸，其它殿上的小獸按級(jí)遞減。古人把建筑裝飾上這些走獸，使古建筑更加雄偉壯觀，富麗堂皇，充滿藝術(shù)魅力。同時(shí)象征著消災(zāi)滅禍，逢兇化吉，還含有剪除邪惡、主持公道之意。
太和殿前有寬闊的平臺(tái)，稱為丹陛，俗稱月臺(tái)。月臺(tái)上陳設(shè)日晷、嘉量各一，銅龜、銅鶴各一對(duì)，銅鼎18座。龜、鶴為長(zhǎng)壽的象征。日晷是古代的計(jì)時(shí)器，嘉量是古代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量器，二者都是皇權(quán)的象征。殿下為高8.13m的三層漢白玉石雕基座，周圍環(huán)以欄桿。欄桿下安有排水用的石雕龍頭，每逢雨季，可呈現(xiàn)千龍吐水的奇觀。
太和殿的內(nèi)部裝飾也十分豪華。檐下施以密集的斗栱，室內(nèi)外梁枋上飾以級(jí)別最高的和璽彩畫。門窗上部嵌成菱花格紋，下部浮雕云龍圖案，接榫處安有鐫刻龍紋的鎏金銅葉。殿內(nèi)金磚鋪地（因而又名金鑾殿）(金磚是因其打造時(shí)所需的錢很多，因而得名)。太和殿內(nèi)地面共鋪二尺見方的大金磚四千七百一十八塊。太和殿共有七十二根大柱支撐其全部重量，其中頂梁大柱最粗最高，直徑為一米零六，高為十二米七零。太和殿匾額“建極綏猷”匾，為乾隆皇帝御筆。
關(guān)于皇帝上朝的地點(diǎn)，其實(shí)不在太和殿，縱觀明清，皇帝一般都是在太和門、乾清門上朝，稱御門聽政，而當(dāng)有比較緊急或重要的事情時(shí)，皇帝則在乾清宮召見大臣，晚清時(shí)期慈禧太后垂簾聽政，上朝的地點(diǎn)也因此變?yōu)轲B(yǎng)心殿。
太和殿是紫禁城內(nèi)體量最大、等級(jí)最高的建筑物，建筑規(guī)制之高，裝飾手法之精，堪列中國(guó)古代建筑之首。
太和殿是“東方三大殿”之一，中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的木結(jié)構(gòu)大殿，俗稱“金鑾殿”。位于北京紫禁城南北主軸線的顯要位置，明永樂(lè)十八年(1420年)建成，稱奉天殿。明嘉靖四十一年(1562年)改稱皇極殿，清順治二年(1645年)改今名。建成后屢遭焚毀，多次重建，今殿為清康熙三十四年(1695年)重建后的形制。
太和殿是整個(gè)宮城的建筑主體和核心空間，上承重檐廡殿頂，下坐3層漢白玉臺(tái)基，采用金龍和璽彩畫，屋頂仙人走獸達(dá)11件，開間11間，均采用最高形制。為中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最大的－木構(gòu)架建筑之一，殿前設(shè)有廣場(chǎng)，可容納上萬(wàn)人朝拜慶賀，整個(gè)宮殿氣勢(shì)恢宏。太和殿匾額“建極綏猷”匾，為乾隆皇帝御筆，現(xiàn)存的牌匾為復(fù)制品。
1416年(永樂(lè)十四年)，明成祖頒詔遷都北京，下令仿照南京皇宮營(yíng)建北京宮殿。1420年(永樂(lè)十八年)，北京宮殿竣工。次年發(fā)生大火，前三殿被焚毀。
1440年(正統(tǒng)五年)，重建前三殿及乾清宮。1459年(天順三年)，營(yíng)建西苑。1557年(嘉靖三十六年)，紫禁城大火，前三殿、奉天門、文武樓、午門全部被焚毀，至1561年才全部重建完工。
1597年(萬(wàn)歷二十五年)，紫禁城大火，焚毀前三殿、后三宮。復(fù)建工程直至1627年(天啟七年)完工。
1644年(崇禎十七年)，李自成攻陷北京，明朝滅亡。李自成向陜西撤退前焚毀紫禁城，僅武英殿，建極殿，英華殿，南薰殿，四周角樓和皇極門未焚，其余建筑全部被毀。同年清順治帝至北京。此后歷時(shí)14年，將中路建筑基本修復(fù)。1683年(康熙二十二年)，開始重建紫禁城其余被毀部分建筑，至康熙三十四年基本完工。1735年(雍正十三年)，清高宗(乾隆帝)即位，此后六十年間對(duì)紫禁城進(jìn)行大規(guī)模增建和改建。
1813年(嘉慶十八年)，天理教教徒林清率起義軍攻打紫禁城。1900年，八國(guó)聯(lián)軍攻陷北京。1911年，武昌起義爆發(fā)，清帝退位。但按照與民國(guó)簽訂的優(yōu)撫條件，仍然居住于紫禁城內(nèi)。1923年，建福宮發(fā)生火災(zāi)。
太和殿歷經(jīng)歲月的打磨，漸漸殘破不堪，有些構(gòu)件已經(jīng)腐爛，起不到支撐大殿的.作用，并且梁上的彩畫也褪色嚴(yán)重，因此從20xx年開始“封閉式”大修。經(jīng)過(guò)2年的大修，直到20xx年7月中旬，太和殿重新出現(xiàn)在游客的眼中。大修后的太和殿金碧輝煌，美輪美奐。
現(xiàn)在很多人認(rèn)為太和殿平時(shí)是用于上朝的，其實(shí)不是。
太和殿其實(shí)是用來(lái)舉行各種典禮的場(chǎng)所，實(shí)際使用次數(shù)很少，明清皇帝上朝的地方主要在太和門、乾清門、乾清宮、還有養(yǎng)心殿的，并不是平時(shí)所說(shuō)的太和殿。明清兩朝24個(gè)皇帝都在太和殿舉行盛大典禮，如皇帝登極即位、皇帝大婚、冊(cè)立皇后、命將出征，此外每年萬(wàn)壽節(jié)、元旦、冬至三大節(jié)，皇帝在此接受文武-的朝賀，并向王公大臣賜宴。清初，還曾在太和殿舉行新進(jìn)士的殿試，乾隆五十四年(1789年)開始，改在保和殿舉行，“傳臚”仍在太和殿舉行。關(guān)于皇帝上朝的地點(diǎn)，其實(shí)不在太和殿，縱觀明清，皇帝一般都是在太和門、乾清門上朝，稱御門聽政，而當(dāng)有比較緊急或重要的事情時(shí)，皇帝則在乾清宮召見大臣，晚清時(shí)期慈禧太后垂簾聽政，上朝的地點(diǎn)也因此變?yōu)轲B(yǎng)心殿。
太和殿是紫禁城內(nèi)，體量最大、等級(jí)最高的建筑物。它面闊十一間,進(jìn)深五間，建筑面積2377平方米，高26.92米，連同臺(tái)基通高35.05米，為紫禁城內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的殿宇。殿前有寬闊的平臺(tái)，稱為丹陛，俗稱月臺(tái)。月臺(tái)上陳設(shè)日晷、嘉量各一，銅龜、銅鶴各一對(duì)，銅鼎18座。龜、鶴為長(zhǎng)壽的象征。日晷是古代的計(jì)時(shí)器，嘉量是古代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量器，二者都是皇權(quán)的象征。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞8
各位游客：
大家好！
我是東廈旅行社的導(dǎo)游，我姓余，大家叫我余導(dǎo)游就行了。今天，我們要去列入世界遺產(chǎn)的一座宮殿――北京故宮。
北京故宮始建于1406年，建成于1420年，是明清兩朝的皇宮，又名紫禁城。故宮占地面積72萬(wàn)平方米，建筑面積15萬(wàn)平方米，屋子有9999間半。故宮四周饒10米高的城墻，外有50多米寬的護(hù)河城。
現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)來(lái)到了北京故宮門前。各位游客們，你們看，這座故宮的四個(gè)城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二條脊的'角樓。現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了外朝皇帝處理政事的地方。它們主要有三大殿：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。
現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)來(lái)到了太和殿，它是三大殿中最為高大的，它金碧輝煌，非常好看。看，這個(gè)臺(tái)基四周矗立成排的雕欄，稱為望柱，柱子上雕刻著云龍?jiān)气P的圖畫。非常顯目且好看。我們出出進(jìn)進(jìn)都有四個(gè)門：南有午門，北有神武門，東有東華門，西有西華門。其中午門為正門。
好了，北京故宮我們已經(jīng)游覽完了，現(xiàn)在是自由活動(dòng)時(shí)間，大家可以解散，但要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一是不破壞文物，在墻上亂圖亂畫；二是不準(zhǔn)破壞環(huán)境及隨地吐痰；三是要注意安全，迷路了要即使打電話和我們聯(lián)系。
下午四點(diǎn)要在午門集合，現(xiàn)在解散。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞9
各位游客：
歡迎您來(lái)到北京故宮博物院！這里是明朝和清朝的皇帝是我國(guó)風(fēng)景名勝、也是我國(guó)重點(diǎn)的保護(hù)文物單位，下面就讓我來(lái)帶你們了解一下故宮的歷史和風(fēng)景。
故宮是明朝第三位皇帝明成祖朱棣建造的。至今已有接近六百年的歷史了。故宮是世界上保存最完整的古代皇家宮殿建筑群。傳說(shuō)故宮的房屋有九千九百九十九間半，是天子屋住的地方。
故宮的`建筑風(fēng)格是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑群。傳說(shuō)故宮風(fēng)格，以黃色和紅色為主色調(diào)，故宮最大的殿叫太和殿，是皇帝辦公的地方。此外，還有很多寢宮還有花園。
由于故宮的建筑和建筑里面的物品，都是十分珍貴的歷史的文物，因此我們?cè)趨⒂^的時(shí)候，一定要保護(hù)好文物。
第一、不要觸摸墻壁和物品；
第二、不要攀爬墻壁和欄桿；
第三、不要亂涂亂畫；
第四、不要亂丟空瓶子、果皮、垃圾袋等垃圾；
第五、嚴(yán)禁吸煙，以防止火災(zāi)；
第六、小孩不要在故宮里隨地大小便；
第七、不要摘花、踩踏草坪。
保護(hù)文物是我們每個(gè)公民應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)，故宮非常雄偉，非常美麗，祝大家在故宮博物院里玩得開心，玩得快樂(lè)，謝謝大家！
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞10
來(lái)自世界各地的游客們，你們好！歡迎來(lái)到“世界遺產(chǎn)”之北京故宮，我是來(lái)自xx的x導(dǎo)游，下面我就帶大家去細(xì)細(xì)游賞一番吧。
中國(guó)明清兩代的皇宮，又稱紫禁城，地點(diǎn)位于北京城中心。開始建造與明永樂(lè)四年至十八年，也就是現(xiàn)在說(shuō)的14xx年至14xx年，后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)多個(gè)朝代的勞動(dòng)人民細(xì)心修改，變成富麗堂皇，但仍保持著原來(lái)的布局和規(guī)模，是世界上保存的'最完整、規(guī)模最大的古代木構(gòu)架宮殿建筑群。
我們說(shuō)完了北京故宮的歷史，現(xiàn)在該說(shuō)說(shuō)外觀和排列順序了吧！
這座城設(shè)四個(gè)門，南門正中面是午門、北邊是神武門、東為東華門、西為西華門，四門各建有重檐廡殿頂門樓。這座城的四個(gè)角都還布有一些結(jié)構(gòu)精巧、外觀秀麗的角樓。外面的墻有10米多高呢！還有護(hù)城河寬52米，夠?qū)挼陌�！長(zhǎng)3800米，整個(gè)建筑群按南北中間的中軸線為對(duì)稱布局，層次分明，主次有序。
聽完了一以上那些，你應(yīng)該對(duì)北京故宮有些了解了吧！可能你還不知道吧，連皇帝的住所都是那么井井有條！文化殿，武英殿是面闊九間的山頂建筑。文化殿是皇帝聽大臣講書的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃飯、居住和召見大臣的地方。后三宮、東西六宮和乾清宮和坤寧宮通直御花園。坤寧宮和乾清宮是內(nèi)廷的正殿、正寢，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住場(chǎng)所，平均面積寬九間，為重檐廡殿頂。
前三殿是全宮最大的建筑群，占地面積有達(dá)8。5萬(wàn)平方米，是宮城的12%，后三宮則為前三殿的25%，期于宮殿依次遞減，主要突出前三殿、后三宮的主要地位。19xx年定位中國(guó)第一批全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，已被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。
怎么樣，對(duì)我x導(dǎo)游的介紹還滿意嗎？如果不滿意，請(qǐng)多多指教，好讓我步步高升�。�
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞11
嗨!大家好，我姓李，你們就叫我李導(dǎo)吧!如果你喜歡故宮，你就跟我來(lái)吧!
故宮一共有四個(gè)門，正門名叫：午門、東門名叫東華門、西門名叫西華門、北門名叫神武門。故宮南北長(zhǎng)961米，東西寬753米，面積為72500平方米，建筑面積15.5萬(wàn)平方米，9999.5間房子，故宮的宮殿建筑有4各部分：木結(jié)構(gòu)、黃琉璃瓦頂、青白石底座、以及金碧輝煌的.彩畫。天倫比的古代建筑杰作，世界臣大宮之首(北京故宮、法國(guó)凡爾賽宮、英國(guó)白金漢宮……)故宮宮殿是沿著一條南北向中軸線排列，三大殿、后三宮、都位于這條中軸線上臂機(jī)關(guān)傳自故宮內(nèi)，而且南大永定門，北到鼓樓、鐘樓，貫穿整個(gè)城市，他氣魄雄偉，規(guī)劃完整，而且極為美觀。
請(qǐng)大家休息一下，等會(huì)兒我們繼續(xù)參觀。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞12
This is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.
forbidden city(紫禁城)
(in front of the meridian gate)
it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.
manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)
now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.
(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)
the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.
aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)
ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)
this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.
in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.
the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.
(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.
during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .
(in front of the hall of complete harmony)
the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.
(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)
this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.
(behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.
note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.
route a
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.
before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
route b
(inside the hall of heavenly purity)
ladies and gentlemen:
we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
this hall was also used for mourning services.
(inside the palace of union and peace)
this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
route c
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.
(in front of the nine-dragon screen)
this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(approaching the imperial garden)
there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty.
behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞13
各位游客們：
大家好！
來(lái)自世界各地的游客們，你們好！歡迎來(lái)到“世界遺產(chǎn)”之北京故宮，我是來(lái)自河北的袁導(dǎo)游，下面我就帶大家去細(xì)細(xì)游賞一番吧。
中國(guó)明清兩代的皇宮，又稱紫禁城，地點(diǎn)位于北京城中心。開始建造與明永樂(lè)四年至十八年，也就是現(xiàn)在說(shuō)的1420xx年至1420xx年，后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)多個(gè)朝代的勞動(dòng)人民細(xì)心修改，變成富麗堂皇，但仍保持著原來(lái)的布局和規(guī)模，是世界上保存的最完整、規(guī)模最大的古代木構(gòu)架宮殿建筑群。
我們說(shuō)完了北京故宮的歷史，現(xiàn)在該說(shuō)說(shuō)外觀和排列順序了吧！
這座城設(shè)四個(gè)門，南門正中面是午門、北邊是神武門、東為東華門、西為西華門，四門各建有重檐廡殿頂門樓。這座城的四個(gè)角都還布有一些結(jié)構(gòu)精巧、外觀秀麗的角樓。外面的'墻有10米多高呢！還有護(hù)城河寬52米，夠?qū)挼陌�！長(zhǎng)3800米，整個(gè)建筑群按南北中間的中軸線為對(duì)稱布局，層次分明，主次有序。
聽完了一以上那些，你應(yīng)該對(duì)北京故宮有些了解了吧！可能你還不知道吧，連皇帝的住所都是那么井井有條！
文化殿，武英殿是面闊九間的但檐歇山頂建筑。文化殿是皇帝聽大臣講書的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃飯、居住和召見大臣的地方。后三宮、東西六宮和乾清宮和坤寧宮通直御花園。坤寧宮和乾清宮是內(nèi)廷的正殿、正寢，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住場(chǎng)所，平均面積寬九間，為重檐廡殿頂。
前三殿是全宮最大的建筑群，占地面積有達(dá)8.5萬(wàn)平方米，是宮城的12%，后三宮則為前三殿的25%，期于宮殿依次遞減，主要突出前三殿、后三宮的主要地位。1961年定位中國(guó)第一批全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，已被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。
怎么樣，對(duì)我袁導(dǎo)游的介紹還滿意嗎？如果不滿意，請(qǐng)多多指教，好讓我步步高升��！
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞14
各位游客好，歡迎大家來(lái)到北京故宮。今天就由我給大家介紹這里的風(fēng)景名勝。
請(qǐng)大家跟著我的腳步，我們面前的.就是著名的故宮博物院。好，跨進(jìn)這個(gè)大門，我們就來(lái)到故宮到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿，民間俗稱“金鑾殿”。它建于明永樂(lè)十八年也就是1420年，清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建，大家猜猜太和殿高多少，面積多少呢?沒錯(cuò)，它高35米左右，面積有2377平方米，差不多有55間教室那么大，由72根大柱支撐著全部重量，是故宮中最高大建筑。
你們瞧!里面裝飾得金碧輝煌，正中間一個(gè)有寶座，寶座并置于6根盤龍金柱之間，以突出帝王唯我獨(dú)尊的地位。九龍寶座用楠木雕龍涂金而成，可精致了!
大家一起向右走，前面就來(lái)到中和殿了。中和殿的大殿平面呈方形，黃琉璃四有攢尖頂，可氣派了!大家知道嗎?那時(shí)皇帝就是在這里進(jìn)行親祭、批閱奏書的。
大家跟我一起往前走，這塊空地上最顯眼的就是云龍石雕。這是故宮中最大的一座石雕。石長(zhǎng)16.57米，寬3.07米，厚1.7米，重達(dá)兩百多噸呢!大家可以湊近看一看，石雕四周刻有纏枝蓮花紋，下部為海水江涯，中間雕刻著流云襯托著九條蟠龍和州龍，云龍栩栩如生，雕刻精細(xì)。
今天的講解到此結(jié)束，大家可以自行參觀。我想提醒大家：注意看到任何東西絕對(duì)不能用手觸摸，以保護(hù)這珍奇的文物。我們20分鐘后在這里集合。再見!祝大家玩得開心。
北京故宮導(dǎo)游詞15
尊敬的各位旅客：
大家好！
我是xx旅行社的導(dǎo)游員，我姓x，在接下來(lái)的幾天當(dāng)中，我將陪伴大家共同游覽北京的名勝風(fēng)景，希望通過(guò)我的講解，能夠是您對(duì)北京留下非常美好的印象，同時(shí)也希望您能對(duì)我的工作提出寶貴的意見。好，現(xiàn)在我們就開始今天的游覽行程吧。
�。ㄟM(jìn)午門之后）進(jìn)了故宮，大家首先看見的就是人……為什么這么多人來(lái)到這里呢？因?yàn)槊鞒罉?lè)年間，一百萬(wàn)勞工花了十四年的時(shí)間修筑起來(lái)的故宮是世界是最大的宮殿，非常有名。每天都有數(shù)萬(wàn)名游客來(lái)這里觀光。
這個(gè)建筑是故宮朝南的正門，叫作午門。午是正晌午時(shí)的午，是位于正中的意思。午門的下面，有五個(gè)拱門，正中間的門只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用兩側(cè)的門；地方上的諸候只能使用最兩端的小門。這些都是根據(jù)身份，等級(jí)來(lái)嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的。過(guò)去，只有皇后在結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，才能從午門進(jìn)入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午門。當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在是誰(shuí)都可以進(jìn)啦。過(guò)去對(duì)皇帝的心腹都是這樣嚴(yán)厲，一般百姓就更不用提啦。連靠近故宮都不行。所以，這個(gè)故宮又被稱作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。過(guò)去有天帝之子，老子住的地方當(dāng)然也得是紫色的宮殿才中！于是，用了個(gè)紫字。禁就是禁止入內(nèi)的禁字，也就是禁止隨便進(jìn)放的意思。
這正中的路是皇帝專用的。這條但是故宮的中軸線，也是整個(gè)北京城的中軸線。北京的主要建筑大多都沿著這個(gè)中軸線而建，兩邊的建筑也多是對(duì)稱的�；实鄣膶m殿位于這中軸線的中間，顯示著”普天之下，唯我獨(dú)尊”。這條路是用大理石鋪成的。請(qǐng)看，這大理石路比兩邊的路高出一塊兒來(lái)。當(dāng)皇帝將走這段路時(shí)，還要在上面鋪上地毯之類的東西，這樣就高了。所以縱然皇帝身材短小，在這上面一走，也顯得高大偉岸！
皇帝是了不起的”爺們兒”，這中間的門也是了不起的”爺門兒”。每當(dāng)皇帝經(jīng)過(guò)這中間的門時(shí)，都要敲響大鐘、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就這樣邁著步子：咚咚———咚咚咚咚———咚———咚真戳威嚴(yán)無(wú)比！皇帝打心眼兒里感覺到：看！還是老子偉大！下面，我們大家也假裝當(dāng)回皇帝，體會(huì)一下皇帝走路的感覺吧！
�。ㄔ谔烷T前）這個(gè)建筑叫太和門，是故宮里最大的木制大門。在這個(gè)大門的前面，放有一對(duì)獅子，這是明代用青銅的。獅子強(qiáng)悍，吼聲震天，使百獸懼怕，放在這里，代表著皇帝的威嚴(yán)。那里有個(gè)石頭做的像郵筒似的東西，那是大臣，諸候求皇帝時(shí)，要寫申請(qǐng)書放在里邊，由皇帝的仆人轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給皇帝：”萬(wàn)歲，此人求見，可以嗎？””好�！薄笔牵衩�。”就可以有進(jìn)了。如果皇帝獄：”不行！”那求見的人就會(huì)被攆走。和它相對(duì)稱的那邊，還有一個(gè)石頭做成的東西，它的形狀像一個(gè)大印，象征著皇帝的權(quán)力。也就是說(shuō)：老子的權(quán)力堅(jiān)如磐石，不管世間有何變動(dòng)，老子的權(quán)力永遠(yuǎn)不變！
�。ń�(jīng)過(guò)太和門之后）前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宮內(nèi)最大的建筑物，并且是過(guò)去北京城最高的建筑物�；实巯铝睿喝魏稳说姆孔右膊荒芨叱隼献拥姆孔印Ｋ跃┏侵缓媒似椒�，北京過(guò)去曾被稱為”平房之都”。
�。ㄔ谔偷顝V場(chǎng)）盡管故宮周圍有十米高的城墻和52米寬的護(hù)城河，皇帝還是擔(dān)心有人挖地道鉆進(jìn)故宮暗殺他，嚇得睡不好覺，，絞盡腦汁想了個(gè)辦法，就是把廣場(chǎng)用十五層磚橫、豎交叉地鋪嚴(yán)實(shí)了，才終于放下心來(lái)。從這件事也可以看出，當(dāng)時(shí)的.權(quán)力斗爭(zhēng)是何等激烈！當(dāng)然在大典時(shí)，文武百官三呼萬(wàn)歲，但皇帝還是懷有戒心：這里面，這家伙，那家伙，說(shuō)不定哪個(gè)家伙想暗殺老子，不注意哪行！這廣場(chǎng)的磚層大約有三、四米深。
�。ㄔ谔偷畹氖_(tái)上）這個(gè)由石頭做成的東西叫嘉量，嘉量是當(dāng)時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)度量衡，表示皇帝公平處事，誰(shuí)半斤，誰(shuí)八兩，心里自然有數(shù)。對(duì)面還有一個(gè)石頭做成的東西，叫作日晷。發(fā)音和日記一樣，但不是日記，是用來(lái)看時(shí)間的石頭表�；实鄣囊馑际牵褐亓亢蜁r(shí)間的基準(zhǔn)都在老子這里。
那邊有鶴和龜，”千年仙鶴，萬(wàn)年龜”，是長(zhǎng)壽的象征。不過(guò)，中國(guó)和日本不同，是顛倒過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)的，叫作”萬(wàn)年仙鶴，千年龜”。為什么說(shuō)法不一樣呢？大概是過(guò)去日本的留學(xué)生在中國(guó)學(xué)了詞句之后，乘船歸國(guó)途中，由于船的顛簸使頭腦產(chǎn)生混亂，記顛倒了。還有許多例子，如：日本講良妻賢母，中國(guó)講賢妻良母；日本講平和，中國(guó)講和平；日本講法政大學(xué)，而在中國(guó)叫作政法大學(xué)。文章的意思完全一樣，但只是順序不同，大概就是乘船顛簸所致。那鶴和龜不單是一種裝飾物，也是一種香爐。它們的背都蓋著蓋兒，每當(dāng)大典時(shí)，就把蓋掀起來(lái)，放入檀香燃燒，那煙就從它們的嘴里緩緩溢出，就好像它們都在吞云吐霧一樣。
請(qǐng)大家從石臺(tái)上回頭看廣場(chǎng)。我們進(jìn)了故宮之后還沒有看見過(guò)樹。為什么在這么寬闊的地方連一樹都不種呢？……不是為了防止暗殺，而是為了制造氣氛。如果種了樹，郁郁蔥蔥一片綠，鳥兒在上面又唱又叫的，就會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出生活的氣息。如果不種繹，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生莊嚴(yán)的氣氛。我們來(lái)想像一下：過(guò)去大臣、諸候要見皇帝時(shí)，全都得從天安門走著進(jìn)來(lái)，走在寬闊的路上看著高大的建筑，在莊嚴(yán)肅穆的氣氛中，大臣、諸候就會(huì)越走越感到壓力沉重，當(dāng)走到皇帝面前時(shí)，就會(huì)自然地雙腿打著哆嗦跪下來(lái)了。
中國(guó)歷史上最后一個(gè)皇帝———愛新覺羅。溥儀三歲時(shí)當(dāng)上皇帝的，他即位時(shí)的御座就在太和殿的正中。
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