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世紀(jì)杯英語(yǔ)演講比賽
世紀(jì)杯英語(yǔ)演講比賽1
主要考察選手多方面能力：思維能力、邏輯能力和語(yǔ)言能力。思維能力是指選手在毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的情況下對(duì)某一問(wèn)題的分析能力，對(duì)問(wèn)題理解的深度和寬度等;邏輯能力主要指選手是否有全局觀，是否能合理搭筑整個(gè)演講的框架，所闡述觀點(diǎn)的層次性是否清晰;而語(yǔ)言能力則是指選手即席用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流溝通的能力，可檢驗(yàn)選手的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言熟練度和準(zhǔn)確度如何。那么如何應(yīng)對(duì)即興演講呢?
即興演講的題目涉及方方面面，從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、教育、文化、人生到國(guó)際問(wèn)題，包羅萬(wàn)象。這也是即興演講具有極強(qiáng)挑戰(zhàn)性的原因之一。 題目的范圍之大之廣對(duì)參賽選手提出了很高的要求。要求演講者平時(shí)養(yǎng)成讀書(shū)看報(bào)的習(xí)慣，關(guān)注周?chē)l(fā)生的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題和國(guó)際時(shí)事，積累各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的素材，以便談?wù)撈鹉骋粋�(gè)話題時(shí)言之有物，有的放矢;要求演講者平時(shí)養(yǎng)成思考的習(xí)慣，多聽(tīng)不同的聲音，從不同角度看問(wèn)題，看問(wèn)題有想法、有深度。這些都是賽前的準(zhǔn)備工作，應(yīng)多積累、豐富自己的知識(shí)內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)化自己的觀點(diǎn)。
好的內(nèi)容包括好的主題以及有說(shuō)服力的材料做支持。
1.強(qiáng)有力的材料做支持
正如前面討論過(guò)的那樣，論據(jù)的類(lèi)型最基本可分為三種：實(shí)例、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字以及引用別人的言語(yǔ)。對(duì)于即興演講來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)能夠找到恰當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是非常困難的。因此在即興演講時(shí)，引用別人的言語(yǔ)和用實(shí)例來(lái)證明是最常見(jiàn)的兩種方式。那么應(yīng)該選擇哪種類(lèi)型的例子來(lái)做論據(jù)呢?在比賽現(xiàn)場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行即興演講時(shí)，最切實(shí)可行的、最容易做到的就是用自己或自己周?chē)l(fā)生的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明你的觀點(diǎn)，信手拈來(lái)，不用絞盡腦汁，演講起來(lái)最自如，最自信;這樣做無(wú)形之中也強(qiáng)化了自己的可信度，比較容易打動(dòng)聽(tīng)眾。
在選擇使用論據(jù)時(shí)，尤其是在競(jìng)賽當(dāng)中，需要特別注意以下兩個(gè)原則。
（1)演講的支持材料要切題。
所選擇的支持材料要為你的中心觀點(diǎn)或主題服務(wù)，不能偏離這一點(diǎn)，不能跑題。記得一個(gè)學(xué)生在參加比賽時(shí)，抽到的即興演講題目是，“中國(guó)成為世界貿(mào)易組織的成員對(duì)于我們國(guó)家有什么主要影響?”她在演講中講了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的故事，一個(gè)年輕人在海邊拾貝殼，碰到了一個(gè)老人，以及和這個(gè)老人之間展開(kāi)的對(duì)話。這個(gè)故事占了整個(gè)演講的三分之二，然后很牽強(qiáng)地把這個(gè)故事和她抽到的題目聯(lián)系在一起。盡管她的故事敘述得很流利，但在整個(gè)即興演講結(jié)束后，聽(tīng)眾仍然不知她對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答是什么?很顯然，演講者在賽前準(zhǔn)備了幾個(gè)故事，準(zhǔn)備在即興演講時(shí)使用。的確，在賽前要做充分的準(zhǔn)備，準(zhǔn)備各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的數(shù)據(jù)、例子、權(quán)威專(zhuān)家的話等，做好充分的調(diào)研，以便在比賽中游刃有余。但切記你所選擇的支持材料一定要與主題相關(guān)，為主題服務(wù)，能夠幫助聽(tīng)眾更加深入地了解你的觀點(diǎn)，決不能?chē)W眾取寵。不切題的即興演講絕不會(huì)得高分。
(2)演講的支持材料要貼近聽(tīng)眾。
演講的支持材料最好是聽(tīng)眾熟悉的，貼近聽(tīng)眾，不僅有利于聽(tīng)眾理解、接受和吸收你的信息，而且容易產(chǎn)生共鳴。筆者作為輔導(dǎo)教師參加過(guò)多次的`全國(guó)英語(yǔ)演講比賽，在比賽中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)很奇怪的現(xiàn)象。有很多學(xué)生舉例子或引用別人的話時(shí)，往往愿意用國(guó)外的例子或國(guó)外名人說(shuō)的話來(lái)支持他們的論點(diǎn)。學(xué)生也許有些許擔(dān)心，“如果用土生土長(zhǎng)的例子，外國(guó)評(píng)委可能會(huì)不知道，不了解背景，會(huì)影響他們對(duì)整個(gè)演講的評(píng)判�！比欢谝淮伪荣愔�，一位來(lái)自美國(guó)的演講專(zhuān)家在做點(diǎn)評(píng)時(shí)說(shuō)到，“不用擔(dān)心我們會(huì)不了解，或聽(tīng)不懂。問(wèn)題是作為一個(gè)外國(guó)人，我們?cè)谶@里希望聽(tīng)到有關(guān)你們國(guó)家的人、事、思想、文化，而不是我們國(guó)家的名人如林肯、克林頓，他們說(shuō)了什么，干了什么�！彼徽Z(yǔ)道破了問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵，演講者所說(shuō)的要和你的聽(tīng)眾拉近距離，講一些本地發(fā)生的事情，發(fā)生的事情對(duì)聽(tīng)眾產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響，用當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕�、理念�?lái)解釋你的觀點(diǎn)，這樣更容易在聽(tīng)眾中產(chǎn)生共鳴。但并不是說(shuō)就一定不能用國(guó)外的例子或觀點(diǎn)。要全方位地選擇論據(jù)，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟牧蠟槟愕挠^點(diǎn)服務(wù)。
2.好的主題與觀點(diǎn)
(1)切題
切題最重要。一般而言，選手拿到的題目都是以問(wèn)題的形式出現(xiàn)的。你需要表明在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)，決不可以含糊其詞，態(tài)度閃爍不定，站在中間，既談好處又談弊端。如果堅(jiān)持這樣，那么評(píng)委和聽(tīng)眾就會(huì)認(rèn)為你是在逃避，你的觀點(diǎn)不明確，態(tài)度不明朗，那也就很難勝出。這點(diǎn)在CCTV杯演講比賽中尤其重要，因?yàn)榧磁d演講是為以后的辯論做準(zhǔn)備。
(2) 觀點(diǎn)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性
觀點(diǎn)需要限制和修飾。要用發(fā)展性的眼光來(lái)處理你的觀點(diǎn)。表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)言本身要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，準(zhǔn)確，盡量避免絕對(duì)化的字眼，如 “never, every, all, nothing, nobody“等，這些絕對(duì)化判斷太容易遭到攻擊。
觀點(diǎn)本身能夠站得住腳，有充足的材料可以說(shuō)明論證。
承認(rèn)你的觀點(diǎn)有修正和完善的余地。你的觀點(diǎn)可能只是你目前認(rèn)識(shí)的一個(gè)方面，或者是現(xiàn)階段你的一種想法，它仍然有完善的余地。
世紀(jì)杯英語(yǔ)演講比賽2
I remember once my high school teacher invited the whole class to share our dreams with each other. I said, “I want to become an architect in future.” My desk mate said, “I want to be a public speaker.” Interestingly, a year later, he flew abroad to go for architecture, and I went to college majoring in English. And Look who is giving a speech right now.
What I learned from this experience was that, the road we end up taking can be different from our first plans. If we all realize our initial dreams, this world will be full of supermen and princesses. As I grew up, I often hear people say, life is all about making compromise. Your dream may die. You have to come terms with your life.
Well, my mother doesn’t see it that way. She is a kindergarten teacher, but she has a gift in painting. I often said to her, “if you had applied for an art school, you would definitely have made a great painter.” She said, “Yes, I would. But you were born!” “But it’s ok,” she continued, “I love kids. I can see their cuteness and innocence every day. Besides, they love me as well. Plus, I have a son who is about to see Rui Chenggang face to face. My colleagues are going to be so jealous of me. I am happy with who I am and I love my job.”
Sometimes when we are stuck in a rut, we may stop and wonder if life could be better had we taken the other road, and we may regret having lost so much for our stupid decisions. But on the threshold of adulthood, I would rather view my life in a positive light. I believe there is no absolute losing. Even though we seem to have made a compromise with each choice, even though we seem to have wasted a lot of effort with each failure, we are gaining something every step of the way.
Had I not given up my dream to be an architect, I wouldn’t have found my love for English, and I wouldn’t have met my friends, who, in order to boost my confidence before the speech contest, gathered in my dormitory and held a pep rally. I wouldn’t have met my professors who have always been patient with me, even when I couldn’t come up with a satisfying speech for 2 weeks.
And had I not spent the last 2 weeks painfully preparing for the speech contest, I wouldn’t have had a chance to think about this world, to ponder on life and to form a better understanding of myself.
For all my blessings, I owe my life an attitude of gratitude. From time to time I would picture myself working in my own studio, designing a beautiful villa. But I will not regret it, because I’m happy with who I am, and I love what I have.
So ladies and gentlemen, don’t be so obsessed with the other road in your life. The path you chose may not be ideal, but that’s not the end of the world. Fill your heart with gratitude. Break up with your regrets, and fall in love with your dream. Through all the hardships and difficulties, you’ll find that you’ve garnered more than you’ve sacrificed.
The other day my mother called me and said, “When the contest is over, I will give you a reward for your hard work.” I said, “There is no need for another present. I already have my present. ”
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