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淺談非語(yǔ)言交際中的身勢(shì)語(yǔ)
摘要
“身勢(shì)語(yǔ)”同語(yǔ)言一樣，都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中，身勢(shì)語(yǔ)的意義并不完全相同。各民族有不同的非語(yǔ)言交際方式.例如：不同的民族在談話時(shí)，對(duì)雙方保持多大距離才合適有不同的看法；談話雙方身體接觸的次數(shù)多少因文化不同而各異；在目光接觸這一方面也有許多規(guī)定：看不看對(duì)方，什么時(shí)候看，看多久，什么人可以看，什么人不可以看；在某些場(chǎng)合下，在中國(guó)和講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家無(wú)論微笑還是大笑，通常表示友好﹑贊同﹑滿意﹑高興﹑愉快，但是在某些場(chǎng)合，中國(guó)人的笑會(huì)引起西方人的反感；打手勢(shì)時(shí)動(dòng)作稍有不同，就會(huì)與原來(lái)的意圖有所區(qū)別，對(duì)某種手勢(shì)理解錯(cuò)了，也會(huì)引起意外的反應(yīng)等等。因此，要用外語(yǔ)進(jìn)行有效的交際，在說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言時(shí)就得了解說(shuō)話人的手勢(shì)，動(dòng)作，舉止等所表示的意思。而有些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為兩者相互依存。在大多數(shù)情況下這是對(duì)的。在某些情況下，人體動(dòng)作與所說(shuō)的話不一致，口頭說(shuō)的與身勢(shì)語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思不一樣。這時(shí)要借助其他信息或從整個(gè)情況中猜測(cè)說(shuō)話人的意思，從某種意義上說(shuō)，一切身勢(shì)語(yǔ)都要放在一定的情景下去理解；忽視了整個(gè)情景就會(huì)發(fā)生誤解。而通過(guò)中美身勢(shì)語(yǔ)對(duì)比研究表明，兩者有相似的地方，也有差異的地方，說(shuō)明了解另一種語(yǔ)言中身勢(shì)語(yǔ)的重要性。可見(jiàn)，真正掌握兩種語(yǔ)言的人在? 揮昧硪恢鐘镅運(yùn)禱笆幣慘?揮昧硪恢稚硎樸鎩Ｕ庋?拍艽锏礁?玫慕患市Ч??/P>
關(guān)鍵詞:非語(yǔ)言交際 身勢(shì)語(yǔ) 不同文化 不同方式
Body Language on Nonverbal Communication
Abstract
“Body language”, like our verbal language, is also a part of our culture. But not all body
language means the same thing in different cultures. Different people have different ways
of making nonverbal communication. For example: different people have different ideas
about the proper distance between people conversing; the appropriateness of physical
contact varies with different cultures; one could draw up quite a list of “rules” about eye
contact: to look or not to look; when to look and how long to look; who and who not to
look at; smiles and laughte r usually convey friendliness, approval, satisfaction, pleasure, joy and merriment, and,
this is generally true in China as well as the English-speaking countries, however, there are situations when some Chinese will laugh that
will cause negative reactions by westerners; gestures can be particularly troublesome,
for a slight difference in making the gesture itself can mean something quite different
from that intended, and, a wrong interpretation of a gesture can arouse quite
unexpected reactions and so on. So in order to communicate effectively in a foreign
language, one should&nb sp;know also the gestures, body movements, mannerisms and etc. that accompany a
;particular language. Some authorities feel that the two are dependent on each other.
This is certainly true in most situations. But it is also true that in certain situations body
action contradicts what is being said, just as the spoken words may mean something
quite different from what body language communicates. When this occurs, one must try
to get further information, or guess the meaning from the context of the situation. In a
sense, all body language should be interpreted ;within a given context; to ignore the
overall situation could be misleading. A comparative study of Chinese and American body
language shows a number of similarities and diversities of body language. It shows the
importance of knowing the specific gestures that go with a language. Observation shows
that a truly bilingual person switches his body language at the same time he switches
languages. This makes communication easier and better.
Key words:nonverbal communication body language different culture different ways
Contents
1. Introduction…… 1
2. The necessity and importance of learning body language on nonverbal
communication…… 2
3. The concrete types and application of the body language…… 3
3.1 Types of body language…… 3
3.1.1 Distance between people conversing …… 3
3.1.2 Physical contact…… 3
3.1.3 Eye contact…… 4
3.1.4 Smiles and laughter…… 6
3.1.5 Gestures …… 6
3.2 Application of the body language…… 6
3.2.1 Greetings …… 6
3.2.2 Signs of affection …… 8
3.2.3 Physical contact in life …… 8
3.3 A comparative study of Chinese and American body language…… 9
4. Conclusion …… 12
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