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動(dòng)名詞用法
用法，是漢語(yǔ)詞匯，解釋為使用的方式﹑方法。以下是小編為大家收集的動(dòng)名詞用法，歡迎大家分享。
用法：
一、什么叫動(dòng)名詞
由原型動(dòng)詞在詞尾加ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞與名詞有所不同，它具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)，有動(dòng)作意味且有動(dòng)詞的基本特征，可有自己的賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，但它又有名詞的句法功能，可以作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。
二、動(dòng)名詞的形式
主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
1.動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作（即不是明確地在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作），或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：
They are all interested in climbing mountains.
He took a great delight in helping others.
2.動(dòng)名詞的完成形式表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。例如：
He didn’t mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
I don’t remember having ever promised you that.
3.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式。例如：
This question is far from being settled.
He did it without being asked.
They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.
He didn’t mind being left at home.
They couldn’t stand being treated like that.
注意：若動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)形式。例如：
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
三、動(dòng)名詞的作用
1.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示一般或抽象的多次行為。
1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
2）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可用it做形式主語(yǔ)，但僅限于少數(shù)表語(yǔ)形容詞或名詞。常見表語(yǔ)形容詞：good，foolish，wonderful，useless，difficult，nice.常見名詞：fun，luck，pleasure，use，good.但現(xiàn)在在教材中也常見不是以上形容詞、名詞照樣用it做形式主語(yǔ)的情況。也就是說(shuō)作為中學(xué)生只要掌握it可以作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)可以是動(dòng)名詞，不定式，that從句。
3）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，可用于there be 句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
There is no joking about such matters.
2.動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。
1）及物動(dòng)詞后面可以跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，不定式做賓語(yǔ)更加常見。作為學(xué)生要掌握的是哪些動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)這不常規(guī)形式。以下動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞而不可用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)。我把每個(gè)單詞的第一字母排列在一起構(gòu)成口訣：MCAFEISPKD（沒咖啡是不夠的）M：mind，miss.C：consider，can not help.A：admit，allow，avoid，appreciate，advise.F：finish，forbid.E：enjoy，excuse，escape，envy.I：imagine.S：suggest，stand.D：delay，dislike，deny.
2）動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，特別是介詞to的賓語(yǔ)是�？键c(diǎn)。give up，feel like，insist on，be used/get down/pay attention/be devoted/lead/contribute/object/the key/to.
We have been used to living in the countryside.
Do you have any trouble understanding spoken English？
3）某些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞與不定式做賓語(yǔ)有區(qū)別。
A.begin，start，continue 后接兩種形式均可，意義差別不大。
We started to learn/learning English five years ago.但在下列情況下begin，start須接不定式。a）主語(yǔ)是物而不是人，如：Spring came on and the snow began to melt.b）后接表示心理活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如： I began to realize how stupid I was.c）begin，(www.gymyzhishaji.com)start 用于進(jìn)行時(shí)中，如It is beginning to snow.d）后接被動(dòng)式，如The new type of computer began to be developed in the 1980s.
B.hate，like，love，prefer等喜厭動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作，而接不定式表示具體的、特定的動(dòng)作。I like playing chess on days off.I would like to play chess with the chess master now.
C.remember，forget，regret等后接動(dòng)名詞的一般式或完成式表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，而后接不定式則表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后將要發(fā)生或未完成，兩者意義不同。I remember doing/having done the exercise.I must remember to do the exercise.請(qǐng)注意這兩句不同的翻譯。
D.mean，try，go on，can not help，stop 后接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同，不能互換。Seeing him make a face，she could not help laughing.I can not help to do the homework for you.try doing：試一試，試做某事，看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況。Try to do：做一番努力，試圖做某種困難的事。Try putting in some more vinegar，which might make it taste a bit better.Would you try to work out the maths problem？
E.need，want，require，bear，deserve后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式和不定式的被動(dòng)式都表示被動(dòng)含義。The question needs discussing/to be discussed.
F.be afraid of doing：擔(dān)心產(chǎn)生預(yù)料的結(jié)果。
be afraid to do something：不敢做某事。
He dared not go home because he was afraid of being scolded.
The boy was afraid to go near the sleeping dog.
G.名詞way，chance，opportunity 后接不定式或of doing，意義差別不大。
I hope to have a chance to visit/of visiting the well-known hall.
H.permit，allow，advise，forbid 等詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但以不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
I advised you to go to college.I advised your going to college.
3.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，若就此提問，應(yīng)用疑問詞what。
My main work is teaching children how to learn English well.不定式也可作表語(yǔ)，它與動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別比照作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。
注意：（1）動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與不定式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示比較抽象的一般行為、習(xí)慣；不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)表示具體的某一次動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。試比較：
My favourite sport is swimming.
The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.
�。�2）動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的含義及內(nèi)容，它與主語(yǔ)是同等關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)互換位置不影響句子的基本含義，但不可用副詞來(lái)修飾。
現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等，主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)不可互換位置，但可用very，quite等副詞來(lái)修飾。
4.作定語(yǔ)，一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái)
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)，或被動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如 a man standing under the tree=a man who is/was standing under the tree，a house being built=a house which is/was being built
5.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
在動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，其邏輯主語(yǔ)用形容詞性的物主代詞或賓格代詞，如果是名詞就用“名詞+’s”形式（無(wú)生命的名詞只能用普通格，即直接用名詞），放在動(dòng)詞前構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體，共同擔(dān)任一個(gè)句子成分。例如：
Would you mind my/me using your handbook？
Do you think there will be any chance of my operating the computer again？
注： 動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)邏輯主語(yǔ)通常用所有格。
6.名詞化的動(dòng)名詞。
動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)可以進(jìn)一步名詞化，具有更多名詞的特點(diǎn)：它可以有自己的冠詞，可以有定語(yǔ)修飾，在某些情況下甚至有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Can you come back for a fitting on the 18th？
Who did the recording？
這種名詞可以稱為名詞化的動(dòng)名詞，名詞化的動(dòng)名詞在具有更多名詞特點(diǎn)的同時(shí)，也失去了許多動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)：它不再有完成形式或被動(dòng)式，不能有自己的狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。如果要表示它邏輯上的賓語(yǔ)，通常要用一個(gè)以of引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)。例如：There are needed for the making of clothes.
四、practice
1.______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk
2.He was afraid to risk ______ to death during the fighting night and he stayed at home with windows and doors shut.
A.shoot at B.shooting at C.shooting D.being shot
3.Comparing it ______ in the office，Kate found working as a teacher is more exciting.
A.to work B.with working C.to working D.with being working
4.Her right arm showed no sign of ______
A.injuring B.being injured C.having been injured D.having injured
5.No one would dream of there ______ such a beautiful place.
A.being B.would be C.be D.having
6.He was very fortunate to ______ by the police.
A.miss catching B.have missed catching
C.miss being caught D.have missed being caught
7.—The door was locked.How did he come out of the house？
—By breaking the window and ______ out.
A.climb B.climbed C.to climb D.climbing
8.I think ______ in time will make our teacher happy.
A.everyone to be here B.everyone be here
C.everyone’s to be here D.everyone’s being here
9.Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice ______ such a thing.
A.doing B.to do C.does D.do
10.It was ______ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his study.
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
11.I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he ______.
A.does writing B.is writing C.writes D.does to write
12.I am not used ______ to like that.
A.to be spoken B.to being spoken C.to speak D.to speaking
13.After ______ for the job，you will be required to take a language test.
A.being interviewed B.interviewed
C.interviewing D.having interviewed
14.If you can not work out the problem in this way，you can try ______ it out in that way.
A.working B.to work C.to have worked D.worked
15.What made you so annoyed.
______ waiting for ages without no results.
A.Kept B.Being kept C.To keep D.To be kept
16.Do you mind ______ alone at home？
A.Jane leaving B.Jane having left
C.Jane’s being left D.Jane to be left
17.Everyone likes making jokes about others，but no one enjoys ______，especially in public.
A.laughing at B.being laughed at
C.to be laughed at D.laughed at
18.He used to ______ from one place to another，but now he is used to ______ in Ningbo.
A.move；living B.moving；live C.moving；living D.move；live
19.The fireman told us the difficulty they had ______ the fire ______.
A.to get；under control B.getting；controlled
C.get；controlled D.getting；to control
20.—What do you think made Mary so upset？—______ her new car.
相關(guān)資料：
1、單個(gè)形容詞：
單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，一般要放在名詞前。前面常常帶有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、數(shù)詞等。
a clever boy 一個(gè)聰明的男孩 my own book 我自己的書
2、形容詞詞組：
詞組或形容詞后面有介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)等補(bǔ)足成分時(shí)，形容詞必須置于名詞后。
It is a problem difficult to work out。這是一道難以解決的問題。
He is a boy deserving of sympathy。 他是個(gè)值得同情的男孩。
3、some-， any-， no-構(gòu)成的合成詞：修飾不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞后置。I would like something cheaper。 我想要便宜一點(diǎn)的東西。
4、用 and 或 or 連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)形容詞：一般放在名詞后。
All people， young or old， should obey the law。 所有的人，無(wú)論老少，都應(yīng)該守法。
5、有些形容詞：置于名詞之前與之后，含義不同。
the writer present 出席的作者 the person responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的人
the present writer 現(xiàn)在的作者 a responsible person 可信賴的人
6、只能后置的形容詞：
有些形容詞與某些名詞搭配時(shí)，可前可后，但與另外一些名詞搭配時(shí)，只能有一個(gè)位置。
the involved/ concerned/ interested party= the party involved/ concerned/ interested
但只能說(shuō) the people involved/ concerned/ interested
7、同一層次的形容詞：位于名詞前，逗號(hào)隔開，較長(zhǎng)詞最后。
It was a rainy， windy， freezing day。
8、不同層次形容詞：位于名詞前，詞序一般為：限觀形齡顏國(guó)材
限限定詞，包括：冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等。
觀表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞，如beautiful，interesting等。
形大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀，如：small，tall等。
齡年齡、新、舊，如old，young等。
顏顏色，如white，black等。
國(guó)國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處，如English，American等。
材材料，如：stone，plastic等。
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