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虛擬語氣學習中的幾道關卡
虛擬語氣學習中的幾道關卡文/楊麗華
摘 要：歸納總結了學習虛擬語氣的三道關卡，并附有實踐練習題。
關鍵詞：虛擬語氣；語境；難點；特殊句式
虛擬語氣一直是一個令高中學生頭疼的語法項目，其實，只要邁過其中三道關卡，它就不會那么玄乎了。
一、適用語境關
作為有別于陳述語氣的一種特別表達方式，虛擬語氣有著自
己特有的適應語境。
1.與事實相反
eg.If I were you， I would accept the invitation without hesitation.
2.實現(xiàn)的可能性很小/幾乎沒有
eg. I wish I were a bird so that I could fly freely in the sky.
3.禮貌、委婉語氣
eg. I would appreciate it a lot if you could reply to my application soon.
二、難點辨析關
1.主從句時間錯綜式虛擬
eg. If you had gone to see the doctor yesterday，you would feel better now.
例句中，從句指過去，主句指的卻是現(xiàn)在。
處理此類題型時的要領是：明確主從句身份、定位主從句謂語動作發(fā)生的時間、按照虛擬的表達方式對號入座。又如：
Maybe if I had studied science， and no literature then， I would be able to give you more help.
由if 從句中的then可知，從句表示對過去的虛擬，主句則用would be able to…表示對現(xiàn)在的假設。
2.條件隱蔽式虛擬
有時假設的情況并不用條件從句表示，而是由otherwise，but
for，without，or等來引導。
eg. But for their help ， we could not have finished the program in time.
I was so busy then. Otherwise ， I would have gone to help him.
3.could /would /should might 的選擇
這幾個詞的基本意義有著明顯不同：
would （not） （就）會（不會）
If he had followed my advice， he wouldn’t have lost his job.
could （not） 能（不能）
Given more time， the director could have made a better film.
should （not） /Ought （not） to 該（不該）
The flowers are dead. I should have given them more water.
might（not）可能（可能不）
If you hadn’t reminded me， I might have forgotten.
當然，在處理具體題目時，除了要準確理解和掌握這幾個詞的基本用法外，還應充分利用試題所設置的語境具體分析來進行選擇。
三、特殊句式記憶關
英語中一般用虛擬需牢記的常見句式：
1.If only she had known the answer then.
2.They talked as if they had been friends for years though they didn’t know each other.
3.I’d rather I hadn’t told you that.
4.It is time that we went to school.
5.Had you followed the doctor’s advice， you would be well now.
6.He insisted that he hadn’t done anything wrong， and that he （should） be set free.
7.I feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn’t forced me to eat so much.
上述七種句式均屬虛擬語氣考查重點，至于其中的一些共性
的具體變化形式，這里就不贅述了。
實戰(zhàn)演練：
1.But for his help， I .（fail）
要不是他幫我，我可能就失敗了。
2.If you had worked hard， you tired now.（be）
如果你真的努力工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會很累。
3.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention
at the meeting. （discuss）
約翰遜堅持要求在會上討論那個值得關注的問題。
4.I through the bitter period without your generous help.（go）
沒有您慷慨相助，我就不能渡過那段艱難時期。
5.Had I not drunk alcohol last night， I my car home.
如果我昨天晚上沒有喝酒，我本能自己開車回家的。（drive）
�、禝f Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as my sister was he
as fluently as she does. （speak）
如果小華像我姐姐那樣在英國長大，他就能和我姐姐一樣說流利的英語。
7.“My son， why are you so rude？ I would rather I you then.” cried the old lady. （give）
“兒子，你為什么如此粗魯？我寧愿那個時候沒有生你�！蹦俏焕咸拗f道。
8.He talks a lot about Japan as though before.（be）
他談了很多有關日本的事，好像他以前去過那兒。
9.If only I your advice! Look， what a mess I have made now！ （follow）
要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！看，我現(xiàn)在弄得一團糟！
10.We’ve been here 24 hours and I think it’s time we （go）
我們已經(jīng)在這里24個小時了，我想我們回家的時間到了。
keys：
1.might/could have failed
2.would be
3.should be discussed
4.couldn’t have gone
5.could have driven
6.could speak English
7.hadn’t given birth to
8.he had been there
9.had followed
10.should go/went back home
（作者單位 湖南省武漢市新洲一中陽邏校區(qū)）
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