NMET９７聽(tīng)力試題評(píng)述
國(guó)家教委考試中心97年在廣東省進(jìn)行高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試試點(diǎn)，此舉引起了全國(guó)中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師的極大關(guān)注。 本文擬對(duì)NMET97聽(tīng)力試題作一評(píng)介。（試題附后）
一、NMET97聽(tīng)力試題介紹
廣東省在今年的NMET中增加了聽(tīng)力測(cè)試，但今年成績(jī)不計(jì)入總分，僅作參考。98年以10％計(jì)入總分，99年 以20％計(jì)入總分。今年廣東省英語(yǔ)高考時(shí)間是2小時(shí)30分，聽(tīng)力在NMET筆試前進(jìn)行，共30分鐘。 聽(tīng)力測(cè)試結(jié)束 后發(fā)筆試試卷，考生繼續(xù)進(jìn)行筆試。
聽(tīng)力試題由四段簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)話和兩段短文組成，共809個(gè)單詞， 要求考生根據(jù)聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容回答試卷上的問(wèn)題 。每一段文字讀兩遍，每個(gè)問(wèn)題給考生25秒鐘時(shí)間回答，錄音速度適中，考生能夠適應(yīng)。
整個(gè)試卷的題目安排體現(xiàn)了從易到難，循序漸進(jìn)的原則。對(duì)話和短文，對(duì)話在前，因?yàn)閷?duì)話更接近生活， 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞相對(duì)容易。在對(duì)話中，第一段和第四段對(duì)話之間又呈梯形排列。第一段對(duì)話的內(nèi)容、長(zhǎng)度和要 求回答問(wèn)題的難度都不及第四段對(duì)話。
短文要求考生能聽(tīng)懂一段連貫的表達(dá)，其內(nèi)容和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活相關(guān)，但語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯比對(duì)話稍難。其中第五 段短文共有258 個(gè)詞匯，占聽(tīng)力試卷詞匯量的四分之一；第六段短文接近于新聞稿。
二、NMET97聽(tīng)力試題評(píng)價(jià)
國(guó)家教委在廣東進(jìn)行加試聽(tīng)力的試驗(yàn)，其目的就是對(duì)高考進(jìn)行改革，使高考能更好地反作用于中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教 學(xué)，更有利于大學(xué)選拔人才，逐步解決我國(guó)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)，效率低的現(xiàn)狀。今年高考結(jié)束后，教師們普遍反 映，聽(tīng)力試題的命題是成功的。成功之處就在于命題者能依據(jù)當(dāng)代應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)的研究成果，著眼于高考命題的 整體改革，把測(cè)試考生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力作為測(cè)試的目標(biāo)，沒(méi)有在辨音、辨句或簡(jiǎn)單的交際問(wèn)答里兜圈子（這是學(xué) 生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的起始階段應(yīng)解決的問(wèn)題）；而是圍繞培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中獲取信息的能力設(shè)置試題。命題者 選擇了聽(tīng)覺(jué)輸入最常見(jiàn)的兩種形式：對(duì)話和敘述；并圍繞日常話題（如學(xué)習(xí)，求助等），使內(nèi)容貼近考生生活 實(shí)際。這樣做既符合中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱的要求，也符合社會(huì)生活和繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)考生英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)能的要求。
三、NMET97聽(tīng)力試題給我們的啟示
試題提示我們，中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)一定要在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力上下功夫，英語(yǔ)教學(xué)既要給學(xué)生講必要的 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，更要強(qiáng)調(diào)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力。交際能力并不僅限于聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力（目前中學(xué)英語(yǔ)界的一個(gè) 認(rèn)識(shí)誤區(qū)就是“交際能力＝聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力”），它也包括讀寫(xiě)能力。
試題也提示我們，高考英語(yǔ)試題和英語(yǔ)的各類(lèi)水平測(cè)試都要進(jìn)行改革。高考是教學(xué)的“指揮棒”。它對(duì)中 學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的反撥作用目前還沒(méi)有別的手段可以代替。高考增加了聽(tīng)力測(cè)試，部分省市的高中畢業(yè)會(huì)考增加了 聽(tīng)力測(cè)試，全國(guó)各地的中考都增加了聽(tīng)力測(cè)試，這是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試改革的重要一步。我們認(rèn)為，在有聽(tīng)力測(cè)試 的情況下，原來(lái)流行的書(shū)面考查語(yǔ)音的試題已無(wú)繼續(xù)的必要。在教學(xué)中，我們應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生注意發(fā)音，但通過(guò) 大量的書(shū)面試題測(cè)試語(yǔ)音并不能解決學(xué)生的語(yǔ)音問(wèn)題；以前這樣做是為了引導(dǎo)教師注意語(yǔ)音和口語(yǔ)教學(xué)。
四、NMET聽(tīng)力試題與NMET復(fù)試的關(guān)系
廣東省報(bào)考外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的考生要參加NMET復(fù)試。其他省市稱(chēng)這種復(fù)試為口試。復(fù)試內(nèi)容包括聽(tīng)力測(cè)試（占55 ％），語(yǔ)言測(cè)試（占15％）和口試（占30％）；也就是說(shuō)，報(bào)考外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的考生參加NMET97聽(tīng)力測(cè)試后，還要 參加NMET97復(fù)試的聽(tīng)力測(cè)試。
這里，筆者簡(jiǎn)介一下廣東省NMET復(fù)試的三種題型：
1.聽(tīng)力：聽(tīng)力有三道大題。第一大題是聽(tīng)力理解。題型和NMET聽(tīng)力試題一樣，由六段對(duì)話和講話組成，共 20個(gè)問(wèn)題，涉及購(gòu)機(jī)票，地鐵經(jīng)歷，太空旅行，求職，婦女地位等內(nèi)容。每段對(duì)話或講話僅播一遍，每小題答 題時(shí)間為20秒，語(yǔ)速較快。
第二大題是語(yǔ)音聽(tīng)辨。其中第1小題是辨音， 要求考生從所給四個(gè)不同的單詞或虛構(gòu)單詞中，選出聽(tīng)到的 那一個(gè)，念一遍，每小題答題時(shí)間為10秒。第2小題是辨詞組， 要求考生從所給四個(gè)不同的短語(yǔ)中選出聽(tīng)到的 那一個(gè)，念一遍，每小題答題時(shí)間為12秒。
第三大題是分辨句子重音與句子的意義。舉例如下：
下面你可以聽(tīng)到五組小對(duì)話，試卷上印出了每組對(duì)話中的第二句原話，后跟A，B，C，D四個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)注意 聽(tīng)對(duì)話的重音，并據(jù)此指出A，B，C，D四個(gè)句中哪個(gè)在意思上與原句最接近。每組對(duì)話念一遍， 每題給15秒鐘 回答時(shí)間。
錄音：—I go sailing every day in summer.
—I go fishing every day in summer.
答卷：I go fishing every day in summer.
A.It is in summer that I go fishing every day.
B.It is fishing that I go every day.
C.I like fishing so much that I go every day.
D.I am the one who goes fishing every day.（答案為B）
2.語(yǔ)言觀察：語(yǔ)言觀察有三道大題。舉例如下：
A ）請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝忻繉?duì)句子中指出：第一句的劃線部分在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于第二句的哪一個(gè)部分。
The soldiers caught the spy.
──
He likes to play football with his classmates.
─ ──── ────────
A B C
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───────────────────
D（答案為D）
B）下列句子中的劃線部分都是虛構(gòu)的詞，請(qǐng)?jiān)贏，B，C，D 中選擇它可能的意義。
A tolen is a body in space that goes around a star.
───
A.大氣 B.光環(huán) C.火箭 D.行星（答案為D）
C）下列句子的劃線部分都是最普通的英語(yǔ)單詞， 合起來(lái)的意思你不一定知道。請(qǐng)從上下文及單詞本身詞 義猜出這部分的意思。
I saw the light in your room was still on at midnight
yesterday.When did you knock off?
─────A.休息 B.鎖門(mén) C.工作 D.起床（答案為A）
3.口試（題略）
（NMET97）聽(tīng)力部分
Ⅰ.聽(tīng)力理解（共20小題，每小題1分；滿(mǎn)分20分）
你將從錄音上聽(tīng)到若干段小對(duì)話或講話，每一段放兩遍，請(qǐng)根據(jù)每段話的內(nèi)容回答一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)問(wèn)題，問(wèn)題 及選擇答案均印在下面。每個(gè)問(wèn)題給你25秒鐘回答時(shí)間。
例：Man: I wonder why the office is still not open.
Woman:But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a
quarter to eight.
At what time does the office open?
A.At 8:30. B.At 8:15. C.At 8:00. D.At 7:45.
答案是C。
第一段對(duì)話，回答第1題
1.The dialogue took place______.
A.in a hotel B.in a store
C.in a restaurant D.in the street
第二段對(duì)話，回答第2—5題
2.What is the topic of the dialogue?
A.The weather B.Life in the country
C.A weekend D.Travelling with friends
3.Where did Alice spend the nights in the country?
A.In a farmer's house. B.In the open.
C.At a friend's home. D.At a hotel.
4.What was the weather like in the country?
A.It was fine.
B.It was OK,but rained once.
C.It was terrible.
D.It rained every day except for one day.
5.How long did it take Alice to come back from the country?
A.Half an hour. B.Four hours.
C.Nine hours. D.Twelve hours.
第三段對(duì)話，回答第6—9題
6.Where are the two speakers?
A.In the woman speaker's office.
B.In the woman speaker's house.
C.In a classroom.
D.In a hospital.
7.The man came into the room because he ____.
A.worked there himself
B.wanted to talk to Kate
C.had to see the woman doctor
D.wanted Jane to type a letter for him
8.What was Jane doing on the day when the dialogue tookplace?
A.She was taking a rest.
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B.She was taking an exam.
C.She was preparing for an exam.
D.She was studying in night school.
9.What will Kate do next year?
A.Go to Japan. B.Change her job.
C.Go to night school. D.Buy an expensive car.
第四段對(duì)話，回答第10—13題
10.Why did the woman want to talk to the man?
A.She was interested in foreigners.
B.She planned to write about the evening school.
C.She wanted to be able to teach English better.
D.She tried to help newcomers to her country.
11.When did the conversation（對(duì)話）take place?
A.In the morning. B.At noon.
C.In the afternoon. D.In the evening.
12.Talking about his English the man thought that he waspoor in ______.
A.speaking B.writing C.grammar D.reading
13.After the conversation（對(duì)話）the
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man was going to _____.
A.see his uncle B.have classes
C.work in the shop D.meet his brother
第五段講話，回答第14—18題
14.When did the speaker get up every day in the past?
A.At 5:00. B.At 5:30.
C.At 6:00. D.At 6:30.
15.Early every morning the speaker had to _______.
A.clean the bathroom
B.feed the chickens
C.help his sister get dressed
D.carry water for the family
16.The speaker and his sister did not go to school bybus because ________.
A.their parents thought walking was good for them
B.there was no bus running in that direction
C.the school was quite near
D.their family was poor
17.On Sundays the speaker used to ____.
A.play in the street
B.stay at home all day
C.go to church three times
D.go shopping with his parents
18.We can infer from the speech that the speaker ____.
A.is a teacher
B.lives on a farm
C.wishes he were young again
D.thinks children were happier in the past
第六段講話，回答第19—20題
19.What happened the day before?
A.Some thieves stole paintings from a museum.
B.Some stolen paintings were sold at a very high price.
C.The stolen paintings were returned at six in themorning.
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D.The police found the stolen paintings with the help ofthe guard.
20.How much were the paintings worth?
A.About a million pounds.
B.More than a million pounds.
C.About twenty-five thousand pounds.
D.More than two hundred and fifty thousand pounds.
錄音材料
第一段對(duì)話，回答第1題
M: Hello,this is room 205. What time is dinner,please?
W: The main restaurant opens at 7 in the evening and closesat 10.Our coffee shop is open 24 hours a day.
M: And what time is it now, please?
W: It's 6 p.m.
M: Thank you.
第二段對(duì)話，回答第2—5題
M: Morning Alice. Did you enjoy your holiday in the country?
W: Yes,thanks. We had a great time. And some friends wentwith us.
M: Where did you stay? In a hotel?
W: No.We camped in the mountains, near Snowdon.We cookedall our meals on an open fire and a te outside.
M: Sounds wonderful. Was the weather good?
W: The sun shone nearly every day and it didn't rain once.
M: Did you like the people there?
W: Yes,they were great.We met some farmers and had tea intheir houses.
M: When did you get back? Last night?
W: No.You might think we were mad.We came back this morning.I got up at 4:30,left at 5 and a rrived here at 9.I'm so tired.What about you? Did you have a good weekend?
M: Yes,but I didn't do much.I just stayed in. The weatherwas terrible.
第三段對(duì)話，回答第6—9題
(A knock at the door)
W: Come in,please.
M: Hello,Kate.Where is Jane?I want her to type this letterfor me.
W: I am afraid she can't.She isn't working today.
M: Oh,why?Is she ill?
W: No. She is studying for an exam.
M: An exam.Is she going to school?
W: Yes, she is. She is learning Japanese in night school.
M: I see. Are you going to night school,too?
W: No,I'm not,not this year.But I'm thinking about taking acourse next year.
M: That's a good idea.Is it expensive?
W: No, not very.Anyway,it's worth the money.
第四段對(duì)話，回答第10—13題
W: Excuse me.I'm a student of this school during the day.I'm writing a report for the sch ool newspaper.It's aboutthe evening school.Can I ask you a few questions?
M: OK.There are about ten minutes before my classes begin.
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W: Thanks.Well, where are you from?And when did you cometo this country?
M: I'm from Russia.I came here with my wife and children lastyear.
W: Did you know any English before you arrived in Washington?
M: Yes,I did.I learned English in the middle school.
W: How are you getting along with your English now?
M: My reading,writing,and grammar are OK, but I have someproblems talking to Americans.It s eems that they don't liketo talk to people like me.
W: I'm sorry.I know some Americans don't try to understandforeigners. That's too bad. Er...
Well,do you have a job?
M: Yes, I do.I work in a shop.
W: Where do you live?
M: We still stay with my uncle in Bell Street. He has a bighouse.And my brother is coming to
join us soon.
W: You mean he's coming here from Russia.
M: That's right.
W: I see. Well,I have finished my questions. Thank you verymuch for your help.
M: You are welcome.
第五段講話，回答第14—18題
Now,you want to know about life in the past. Right? I cantell you.When I was a boy,things w ere different.I had to getup at six every morning. That was not very bad insummer, but i n winter it was cold.And we didn't have any hotwater in the house. We had to wash in cold wate r. We didn'thave a bathroom. My dad had some chickens. I had to feed themevery morning and t hen I had to walk to school with my littlesister. It was two miles to school and two miles back
in theevening. But it always seemed longer in the morning when wewere going to school. Th ere was a bus, but we didn't have themoney. And we had to go to bed at seven o'clock every nig ht.We couldn't watch TV because there wasn't any. On Sundays wehad to go to church three times
— morning, afternoon andevening. And we couldn't play ourside on Sundays. But itwas n't all bad. We had some good times. We could go out andour parents didn't have to worry abou t us. There weren't somany cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to playin. And t here were not many robbers and thieves in those days. We had to work hard and we weren't able t o buy all thosethings in the shops today. Life was hard, but it was simpleand people were happier. I don't think I like to be youngtoday.
第六段講話，回答第19—20題
Last night thieves broke into the City Museum and stolepaintings worth over a quarter of a million pounds. The break-in happened around twelve o'clock at night but was notdiscove red until six in the morning. At
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present it is notknown how the thieves got into the buildi ng though a guard ofthe museum is helping the police with their questions.
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