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中考試題與不定代詞
(陜西澄城韋莊中學(xué) 孟憲明)縱觀近年來(lái)的中考英語(yǔ)試題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)省、市對(duì)不定代詞從不同角度都做了考查。本人從教數(shù)年, 認(rèn)為不定代詞是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的難點(diǎn),且貫穿于教材中。很多考生對(duì)此模棱兩可,似是而非。鑒于此,筆者僅從 中考試題的考查范圍中來(lái)談一下不定代詞的運(yùn)用。旨在對(duì)考生有所裨益。
[試題類型一]
1.I have three pens.One is red,____two are black.(’96河北)
A.another B.other
C.the other D.the others
2.I have two sisters.One is a farmer,____is a driver.(’96烏魯木齊)
A.other B.others
C.the other D.another
解題指導(dǎo):other與another的用法
1.共同點(diǎn):
它們都有名詞和形容詞的作用,在句中都可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如:
①I(mǎi) have two pens.One is new,the other is old.(主)
②I have two photos here.You have seen one.Now I'll show you the other.(賓)
③Would you like to have another cup of tea?(定)
2.不同點(diǎn):
1)other的復(fù)數(shù)是others,所有格是other's或others',它可以與定冠詞the連用,即the other,指兩個(gè) 中的“另一個(gè)”。還可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“其余的……”;the others是指一定范圍內(nèi)的“其余的”;others 是泛指“其他的(人或物)”,并沒(méi)有一定的范圍限制。
2)other既可以修飾單數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞:another指至少有三個(gè)以上的“另一個(gè)”,它是由 an和other合并而成,可代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且不與冠詞連用。
注意:
A.有時(shí)在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,要用other限定比較對(duì)象,使意義更為明顯。例如:
The room is bigger than any other room in the house.這個(gè)房間比房子里的其它任何房間都大。
B.某人或某物在與同類幾人或幾事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),應(yīng)用“比較級(jí)+than+any+other+單數(shù)名詞/any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形式。例如:
湯姆比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。
【誤】Tom is taller than any boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
【正】Tom is taller than any of the other boys in his class.
(試題類型一答案:1.C2.C)
[試題類型二]
1.There is ____water left in the thermos.
Would you go and get some?(’96河北)
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
2.Jack has a few friends in China.(’96廣東)
A.some B.any C.many D.much
3.There are several bottles on the desk.(’96天津)
A.a lot of B.many C.a few D.few
4.We had____people this year than we had last year.(’94陜西)
A.little B.less C.few D.fewer
解題指導(dǎo):little與a little,few與a few的用法
它們?cè)诰渲卸伎勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
①Few of them speak English.(主)
②I met few (or a few) of my friends in the park.(賓)
③I have a few friends besides you.(定)
2.little與a little用于代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞;few與a few用于代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。little和few表示 “不多,幾乎沒(méi)有”,在意義上是否定的,a little和a few表示“雖少但還有一些”,在意義上是肯定的。
注意:
A.a little 可用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞(副詞)的比較級(jí)。例如:
&nbs
p; It's a little cold today.
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