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F(xin)λãW(wng)>̰ȫ>ZĽ̰>Zġc̰

Zġc̰

r(sh)g2024-08-27 17:39:28 ZĽ̰ ҪͶ

Zġc̰

һšбҪM(jn)м(x)µĽ̰(zhn)乤̰ЧԼĽ̌W(xu)ӌ̰ŸСZġc̰Hϣ܉

Zġc̰

Zġc̰1

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1.J(rn)R(sh)nĵ8(g)_x~

2.иxnbԼϲgĶ

3.Ʒζnĵă(yu)ZcBĝH

4.ߌW(xu)ČB(yng)Z

5.ڳxnĵĻA(ch)w(hu)n_(d)ĸĦΰctĸ錑挍(sh)w

̌W(xu)c(din)

(x)^ٶxnģץס茑B(ti)(dng)ZԼ茑t(dng)c(din)Zw(hu)N(yn)еĦΰct֮gĸ錑w

nǰ(zhn)

1.̎(zhn)䣺 ýwn

2.W(xu)(zhn)䣺nǰA(y)(x)nѼtĈDƬY

nr(sh)ţ2nr(sh)

̌W(xu)

һl(f)ՄԒ(do)n

1.ҕ_(ti)Ђ(g)(ji)ĿС(dng)c硷^?ffʲô? (ʾnչʾc(dng)C̎DƬ)

2.棬׌҂ͬW(xu)(x)21nn}Rxn}

xnw֪nă(ni)

1.W(xu)(x)@ƪn҂Ҫ^m(x)(x)^ٶȁx߅x߅nķ֎ײÿ֌ʲô?

2.l֪@ԒF(xin)еʲôط?

n

ѸVʮһÿ؁(du)tH˘ӡ

3.@Ԓcеľһ(g)طһll(f)F(xin)

4.(du)tH˘ӡcͺtH˘ӡЅ^(q)e?

5.nķ֎ײֆ?ÿַքevʲô?ú(jin)εС(bio)}

x˼Y(ji)W(xu)(x)113Ȼ

1.J(rn)xһxnĵصһЩ龰ڌ˺ͺtHһ?һ߅xһ߅עȻ҂

2.(j)W(xu)شC(j)W(xu)(x)nw(hu)c(din)Z䣺

 W(xu)(x)nĵ3ȻΣ

ăܸܵˌ(du)t(du)Hһ

nڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)䣬ųһƬwİɫwһƪ•ɫĘV

@•ɫĘVݷ ʲô?ݷ𿴵ʲô?ܲܰ҂ ܵx?׌҂(dng)r(sh)Įһxx@

(x)ώx˵ıF(xin)ͬW(xu)xtıF(xin)҂ܲҲ@ôĬ?

 W(xu)(x)nĵ1011ȻΣ

l܁oxһxעHһôx

ͬW(xu)Մt˵۾͕(hu)̩((dng))@(dng)۾ӵ?xһx

ntxļ(x)ǰһֻtwxǰһ죬BBñЪԞǸ[ŕԵǸҸeȥ]ЁҲ]ЁtǼBҸB!ftw̎ԊʮǰtһҾ֪ۂĸ㿴Сģ!K(z)K

lx?@(dng)۾ʲô?

ȥ]ЁҲ]Ё@(g)ʡ̖(ho)߀fʲô?

 W(xu)(x)nĵ12ȻΣ

ץסһ(g)Ρx@NH˰xlxһx?

āxx@ԒȻ“(lin)ϵĿһ@εxʲô?ʲô?Ͱゃͨ^@Ԓͨ^εx(ָxRx)(ʾnDƬ)

x˼W(xu)(x)1419Ȼ

1.J(rn)xxڶЩ龰׌벻?һ߅xһ߅עȻ҂һ

2.(j)W(xu)شC(j)W(xu)(x)nģw(hu)c(din)Z䣺

 W(xu)(x)15ȻΣ

tzıF(xin)׌벻҂@ԒԼxһx(dng)tҊzr(sh)܉fԒ@B•QfЩʲô?C(j)ʾn

һȺtͻȻw˵zwPB•Q•˄(sh)cƽr(sh)һǰl(f)ʲô

@ԒԓӁx?һӡôx?

ƌW(xu)(x)16ȻΣ

벻뿴t`һĻ?@ֻt˵zǰ_pᣬ^fʲô(nDƬ)

ָ(do)x16Ȼ

ntȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿǰհzݵHƬϵĬĬעҕ܇Pw.tעҕc˶ق(g)ġŮ^һ(hu)tzǰվ˃C(dng)Ǟ`İʹ

njW(xu)(x)17ȻΣ

@ӵ龰҂ҲٴΞ֮ゃ߀ăܵ벻?ġɫu⵽t߀һ(g)~ҲwF(xin)(ըˠI(yng)^)

ָ(do)x

(18Ȼ)ʡ̖(ho)ĺxʲô?J(rn)ߕ(hu)@ʡʲô?ʡ̖(ho)c(din)c(din)ݷʲô?

չA鱡l(f)

1.@벻žʲô(hu)l(f)?˼һ҂

2.˵e(dng)Є(dng)ÿһ(g)˂?c)ڴ߅һ~(nDƬ)

3.W(xu)(x)@ƪn߀ʲôfĆ?

O(sh)Ӌ(j)

21 c t

ι

(H) t

Zġc̰2

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

֪R(sh)˽⺣ƷL(fng)

^̺ͷͨ^c󺣵Ķ(zhng)Ը

БB(ti)cr(ji)ֵ^B(yng)\(yn){šǻD׿^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>

yc(din)

c(din)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСfZԺc(din)

yc(din)Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZԷʹĦĵζ

̌W(xu)ӴO(sh)Ӌ(j)

һnr(sh)

̌W(xu)^̡

һnr(sh)45犣

һ(do)루2犣

һ(g)Ҫ򔡵M԰ɾǴ򲻔@Ԓ„҂ҪW(xu)(x)nġc҂ʲôӵܱ

֪Փ 8犣PPT

1ߺ(jin)

1899-1961һĉӲhQl(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CL18qM(jn)(bo)^ɴ(zhn)‚۱w1954s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)1961򲻿겡ʹĥ_Ԛx͵һ(du)u(png)r(ji)sϿy(tng)f׺]Ă(g)˱ȚW(ni)˹غ(du)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^ӰQ顰o(j)20o(j)֮һ

(jin)ľSҪ˽߽ߵ(jin)(qing)^ľL(fng)ČW(xu)L(zhng)Ёij1926l(f)ġ̫՘@F(xin)(zhn)˻ÜеƷɞ顰㯵һĴСR_ѩ犞lQһg(zhn)•ԡͨF(xin)ˇg(sh)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)ġc

L(fng)һԺ(jin)Q׷Q늈(bo)ʽL(zhng)ØOZ(chung)L(fng)Ҳܪ(d)āվĹоpP(gun)ZˡҲվPµҲǰ۲Ӳhԡcɣ၆úһԿԸ@Ӳh䱾ɺw(jin)Ը񣺡һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵M԰ɾǴ򲻔

2P(gun)ڡc

20o(j)ϰҺӛҲǮ(dng)r(sh)㯵һĴһ^RœصĬF(xin)(sh)xy(tng)һڄ(chung)˼̈́(chung)M(jn)˸γ˪(d)صL(fng)1952l(f)ƪСfcڵĴwF(xin)Ą(chung)ɫ(dng)@ߪ(jing)s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)

c鹝(ji)(f)sһ(g)ɣ؁ϝOBm(x)84]һl~(d)һ˳Th(yun)ںϽ(jng)^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;һll~m(x)ρMˊ^ƴ߀Ǜ]ܵ֓ס~M(jn)صr(sh)R~ֻʣһ޴ĹǼ

Y(ji)(gu)Ԣ⣨30犣

1Сf(ji)xֹc~Ďׂ(g)غϵ^(du)ʲô _傀(g)غքec~c~c^~c~cȺ~

2c~傀(g)غõЩY(ji)ӣ˵wrR~ СMʽҳ𰸣 һ(g)غϣ~棨GKӣࣩ ܂ R~Ե40 ڶ(g)غϣӣg ւ(yn)أѪ ~Եķ֮һ (g)غϣӣ۔ࣩ Ă(g)غϣ̹ ʹÅ 낀(g)ӱҧ 傀(g)غϣ̹Gѣۣ Oƣ(jin)ֱ^⣩ Hʣ

3Ķ(zhng)пԿӵƷ|(zh)˞ʲôfһ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ġMɰɾǴ򲻔

_@Ԓɣ؁ă(ni)Ī(d)ףҲСfĺľ(dng)ؽʾɣ؁ă(ni)׷Ҳߺ˼^cr(ji)ֵ^ķӳ@ԒζʹNJ^c\(yn)иĿ?fn)mȻRNNȻc(hu)(zhn)ҲS@Щ(zhn)(qing)԰˵wһ(g)ֻҪʢĶ־κDyU(xin)ǰľ˾h(yun)DŽСfеϝOɣ؁mȻK]ܱסR~c~^F(xin)ocȵšʧ˵(yn)ǾϵĄ

4(zhng)^гF(xin)˺ܶચ(d)еĪ(d)ʲôc(din)?ʲôã

_ijP(gun)ϝOɣ؁c~(chng)'茑߀дă(ni)Ī(d)Ҍ(sh)ӛɣ؁ă(ni)Ļ(dng)ںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^“(lin)ķʽ挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼c@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺ(jin)ԼԮĹª(d)WqSSСf˼(gu)СfҪɫСfеӲhӶǡ͹Z࣬ȱ˼ϝOɣ؁sSă(ni)Ј(jin)(qing)˼֧Є(dng)˳ɞ麣Сfп̮ɹ֮һ

5п֪ˌ(sh)F(xin)Ը~MM(fi)M¸ҲKĽY(ji)õąsһJ(rn)dzɹ߀ʧ

_@һ(chng)cȻ@Ą(dng)ǵıÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)⵽oȵʧһNxρfһ(g)?yn)\(yn)oՓôD׿^ĭh(hun){ԼšǻM(jn)ˊ^µĿ?fn)R~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ(g)˵ͿԵ_(d)ʲô̶ȡһ(g)ʧһ(g)ʧӢ@һ(g)ӲhӡСfеĴ󺣺~c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟ocȵšʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ]бf@һ(g)wF(xin)fġMɰɾǴ򲻔˼

6 @(chng)(zhng)HHc~Ķ(zhng)Сfʲôζ _}ĿǡcϣСfnjһλ˼ںϵĽ(jng)v(sh)H˵O߸ѽ(jng)Խһ(g)˵ĴɞһNɣ؁ǡӲhĴ󺣄t_(ti)~t҂?ni)еĴ\(yn)˵һһL(fng)(jng)vL(fng)Ҋʺ·;ɱ҂Ҫۣ\(yn)ֻн(jng)vc~^ܳɞ鏊(qing)ĸ@һ(chng)cȻ@Ą(dng)ǵıÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)⵽oȵʧһNxρfһ(g)?yn)\(yn)oՓôD׿^ĭh(hun){Լš⡢ǻM(jn)ˊ^µĿ?fn)R~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ(g)˵ͿԵ_(d)ʲô̶ȡһ(g)ʧһ(g)ʧӢ@һ(g)Ӳhӡǵ͵ĺʽСf20o(j)30Ժl(f)һЩƪСf茑һЩȭţʿC˵@ЩŒһN۲ϡ(jin)(qing)挦(du)ġӲhӡԸcɣ؁@NԸİl(f)չcAСfеĴ󺣺~c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟ocȵšʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ]бf@һ(g)wF(xin)fġMɰɾǴ򲻔˼

7˂QƷС늈(bo)ʽL(fng)ڱ@Nc(din)ЩwF(xin)

_

1Y(ji)(gu)ϵĆμٵ鹝(ji)֦˹Ըһrֱӳ(chng)ֻϝOɣ؁һ(g)鹝(ji)ҲҪLJ@R~IJ@Լ˶c~֮gIJ^μ(jng)(du)cԭM(jn)˃ɰٶεУԼfcԌһǧôL(zhng)Сfдfеÿ(g)Լ?c)ô\ӳܽӵһ^̡Ȼе٘ZhȥЄeˌ^Ė|hȥ˽ӑՓhՓIJȥһлGGı˺oʹСfμ

2ʹ^茑ַ^ʹ~؄eAoMֱˮ(dng)?sh)Ĕ?dng)rČ(du)ԒӺ(jin)ZR(zhn)_(dng)ɣ؁@һr(sh)ĹPҪ挍(sh)(dng)٬F(xin)c~Ĉ(chng)~ā(sh)˵ijӭ(zhn)C(j)C(dng)猑~F(xin)(dng)һɰɫѪһӢĺȻɢ_ĕr(sh)͏ˮĵطZρεôʲôҲһ_{(ln)ɫˮӿF(xin)̫ꖹ@茑]һ(g)~~ă΄(sh)ľoȅsչʾxǰϴĔֺͷ(f)NճZʹxR侳֮Ќ(du)󺣵茑֫E(jin)qһˮīɽˮxĕ

3r(dng)Ą(dng)茑ͺ(jin)Č(du)ԒڏĸXҕX|Xȥ̮cxߵľxs̵޶Һֱӱ¶ǰY(ji)ں(jin)ѸٵĄ(dng)N(yn)ȻĻߺ(jin)Č(du)ԒxԼȥw(hu)猑c~Ĉ(chng)棺^~߭~^ϵĕr(sh) óǗl~Ƥ_`•@N茑˵Ҋ„xx(hu)^һȻͬӵĸXͬ@ͬoͬϲ׌xȥ猍(sh)ȡӡD(du)cx֮gȥK¡Ҫ׌(du)cxֱӜͨ@Ҳ@ƪСfĈ(chng)茑ĵһ(g)Ҫԭ

4׷һN⾳(jng)Աɽ(chung)f(chung)Ҫϵıɽ˷֮һ¶棬˷֮ߑ(yng)ԓ[ˮ¶ˮ[ˮµ˼ԽrԽʹˮ¡IJ韴߀ַʹƷN(yn)

I(y)á2犣

nxġc300ҵĸ

O(sh)Ӌ(j)3犣

Ӳh _(ti) ~ ۶\(yn)

Zġc̰3

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1W(xu)(hu)n10(g)(hu)֣6(g)(hu)J(rn)ּ9(g)~Z

2иxnġͨ^nľwZw(hu)ct֮g飬Ħΰ˺̈́(dng)֮gĸ錑w

3bnĂ(g)Ȼ

̌W(xu)c(din)

w(hu)ct֮gĸ顣

̌W(xu)yc(din)

ĦΌct֮g`挍(sh)wر_(d)ġ

̌W(xu)(zhn)䣺

n

̌W(xu)r(sh)g

2nr(sh)

̌W(xu)^̣

һnr(sh)

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1W(xu)(hu)n10(g)(hu)֣6(g)(hu)J(rn)ּ9(g)~Z

2˽nă(ni)W(xu)(x)nĵһw(hu)ˌ(du)tϲۺo(h)֮顣

3ͨ^“(lin)ϵģLĮܵct֮gĬ

̌W(xu)c(din)

w(hu)ˌ(du)tϲۺo(h)֮

̌W(xu)yc(din)

LĮ棬ܵct֮gĬ

̌W(xu)^̣

һՄԒ(do)룺

҂ͨ^ĹP|ܵ؈Ŀɐ?yn)TKľĺo(h)˵BcܺC̎󺣵˂Ȼܱ@Щl(f)c(dng)֮gһĻĻ׌҂?yu)֮?dng)ݡ҂߀ҪW(xu)(x)һƪl(f)cB֮g挍(sh)Ĺ¡n}̎mr(sh)(qing){(dio)tֵ`P혹P

W(xu)(x)n֡~

1zA(y)(x)~xr

1ͬx໥ӆ

2ָx(qing){(dio)

xunuܣsϴģmȣshn(dng)

ըˠI(yng)ƣsh

3Rxӏ(qing)ӛ

2ָffЩڌҪעĵط磺Ъհ

3~˼磺

֓P(yng)D졪•ߵͣDD(zhun)

HǡʮHܡ

A(y)(x)ĻA(ch)xnw֪nă(ni)ݡ

(x)_xnһ飬ע⌢nֺ~x(zhn)_

Ո(qng)Ĭxnģn㶼xЩ(ni)֮ͬ໥(jin)νһ¡߀ЩĆ}W(xu)ܕ(hu)|(zh)ɣʲô(hu)l(f)벻顱̎O(sh)‘

J(rn)Ĭxn‡@n}Ҫʲôͬr(sh)µĽY(ji)(gu)

ʮһιB(yng)tctY(ji)ȥ󣬺ẗ́exȥ

ģ(do)W(xu)W(xu)(x)113Ȼͨ^nоw茑w(hu)ct֮g顣

1Ĭx˾ĺo(h)tIJһ˺ͺt֮gӵĸǏnеЩطw(hu)ģһ(jin)Ҫע

2(j)W(xu)R(bo)M(jn)нc(din)c(din)W(xu)(x)ƒ(ni)ݣ

1ιt

ץס茑˄(dng)ġˡ顱茑tġ(yng)•ߡιtĄ(dng)죬֮gǷNĬ“(lin)ϵc(din)茑Į棬ܵߵıǡ(dng)ġ

(x)xʾn߅x߅߅@L(fng)ct֮g@擴ĸĄ(l)W(xu)@Ԓb

2t

ٌW(xu)ԼԒ(jin)νB@փ(ni)ݣffԼĸ

ָx49Ȼ

(g)˞һСMֽɫ(x)x@֣ώg  ĽMܱF(xin)ct֮g@H֮

3Մt

ٌW(xu)Մ̎СY(ji)ft(ni)ϲ^ʮˣÿ궬˶߅ιtL(fng)o˺ͺtǣHһ

Rx13Ȼ

壩Y(ji)ϰСY(ji)nĵһփ(ni)ݡ

I(y)

1^m(x)(x)_иxnġ

2֡~

ڶnr(sh)

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1иxnͨ^nľwZ֣w(hu)ct֮gĦΰ˺̈́(dng)֮gĸ錑wġ

2ָ(do)bnĂ(g)ȻΡ

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һRfn}롣

nҪ(ni)ݣ

g[nؑn҂vһ(g)挍(sh)˵Ĺ£ʾnιtĈDƬẗ́e˵ĈDƬ䘷(do)W(xu)fnăɲֵҪ(ni)ݡ

^ɣ@ӵ龰ȫ˂yfl(f)ˡW(xu)벻ܓQ(g)~Z⡢ʼδȣ

W(xu)(x)nĵڶ֣

1ָxwܺt(du)˾ӵ

2M(jn)жĬx߅x߅ǏЩطw(hu)t(du)˵ģһ(hu)Լw(hu)Ĝ(zhn)ͬW(xu)M(jn)н

3ͬxȡЄ(dng)һMR^ͬW(xu)Լw(hu)

1R^һt˵`zwPB•QС

ٞʲô•˄(sh)cƽr(sh)һӣƽr(sh)t(hu)ԸdZ{(dio)gӭҊǟoȿ옷ġ˕r(sh)˲Ҋֻʣz񣬺t@ɻе

ڎ(du)x벻l(f)ˡ

2R^tzǰվɃš

ٺtʲôҪ@ô`cĸeѽ(jng)ˮ(dng)ԼH

ָиx

3R^zr(sh)tz

?yu)ʲôҪtxȥϣh(yun)?c)һֻ˵һҲ?/p>

Ո(qng)Y(ji)茑P(gun)Zһ®(dng)r(sh)Ĉ(chng)㮔(dng)r(sh)ڈ(chng)@ɫuУw(hu)ʲôtc˵ĸ̫ˡ

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ģؚwwAУ

1@һMMR^׌҂ܸЄ(dng)׌҂?yu)֮и҂Ҫtʲô(hu)@ӵĮe(dng)“(lin)ϵnP(gun)ZՄһՄ᣿Ĭxȫ˼

2W(xu)Ȼ(hu)xnĵĵһr(sh)Ą(l)W(xu)܉Y(ji)M(jn)ͨ^xһֵP(gun)Z䣬M(jn)һw(hu)?yn)ˌ?du)tļ(x)ğo˽cP(gun)֮gŽͬH˰Уȥtŕ(hu)F(xin)

壩СY(ji)ȫģ

ڴ߅˼o(j)@һλP(gun)ۄ(dng)һ~񡣣ʾnÿtwR߅ļ(ji)͕(hu)S(dng)һӣoιʳmȻѽ(jng)ȥP(gun)ۄ(dng)eh(yun)˂gȥ׌҂?c)ٴиxһ߅n}

Zġc̰4

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֪R(sh)Ŀ(bio)

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2W(xu)(x)\(yn)÷r(ni)Ī(d)׵ȿ̮ˇg(sh)ֶ

3W(xu)(x)xַ\(yn)

Ŀ(bio)

1׌W(xu)W(xu)(hu)ֱۣW(xu)(hu)(jin)(qing)¸ԗľ

2eOϵĘ^^

̌W(xu)c(din)СfҪ(ni)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)н

̌W(xu)yc(din)Сfζ̌W(xu)СMW(xu)(x)(du)ԒW(xu)(x) ̌W(xu)nr(sh)nr(sh)

̌W(xu)^̣

һnr(sh)

һ(do)ZO(sh)Ӌ(j)

(dng)҂[ښgͯ꣬(dng)҂߸¶L(zhng)ѽ(jng)ע҂HHҪ˻߀˻µăU(xin)҂жһ(g)~Zۡ!@ֆĺ@ؐpȰcʷFoһ(g)һ(g)ĴȻɹؐҲɹʷFҲɹͳąsʲôʹ|wˏ(qing)?ʲôʹď(qing)?׌҂һͬM(jn)Q顰F(xin)ӢԒĂﺣСfcØ㌍(sh)oA֣Ux

M(jn)ߣ

Ո(qng)ͬW(xu)ԼՄռP(gun)Y̎

(18991961)F(xin)20o(j)ČW(xu)ҫ۵֮һƷF(xin)˵һ(zhn)һwԡ㯵һĴQ20o(j)ĩص˲СȭO񡢫C˵Ȟ˹ĶƪСf(chung)ˡӲhӡԸ

ec犞lQ̫ճ𡷵

Сf鹝(ji)

ʲôӵĹ°l(f)?

Ո(qng)W(xu)СfҪ(ni)

_ϝOɣ؁{ںBm(x)84DžsBһl~Ҳ]ڄeĝO˛Q85γȥԼ\(yn)֮ںϽ(jng)^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;һll~m(x)ρMˊ^ƴ߀Ǜ]ܵ֓ס~M(jn)صr(sh)R~ֻʣšĹ(ji)xľǏ~F(xin)˻صO۵IJ

1.ᆖСf(ji)xֹc~Ďׂ(g)غϵ^?(du)ʲô?

W(xu)ش傀(g)غϣքec~c~c^~c~cȺ~

̎a(b)䣺һǹª(d)һǏ(qing)ğo(sh)~һһǏ(qing)^l(hu)? 2.ᆖc~^傀(g)غУõЩ?Y(ji)?˵wr?R~r?

W(xu)ش

һ(g)غϣ~(G)K()܂R~Ե40

ڶ(g)غϣ(g)ւ(yn)~Եķ֮һ

(g)غϣ(g)()Ѫ낀(g)ӱҧ Ă(g)غϣ̹ʹÅ

傀(g)غϣ̹(G)()OƣHʣ ̎a(b)䣺

ͨ^ϱ^҂Կˌ(sh)F(xin)Ը~MM(fi)M¸ҲKĽY(ji)õąsһf˳ɹfʧJ(rn)˵ʧ߀dzɹ? W(xu)ӑՓش𣬰l(f)] ̎_

ʧ^sһo@;ɹڲ(zhn)У(zhn)ϵĄߡ

ڶnr(sh)

һp

1.ᆖСf鹝(ji)˵Ը? W(xu)ӑՓش𣺈(jin)(qing)¸oη挦(du)ʹӲhӵ

̮ˇg(sh)ֶΣϣСf˷r̓(ni)Ī(d)׵ˇg(sh)ֶʹ˵SȻ

2ᆖW(xu)ҳ(du)~.茑 شٶȿ졢X`ӏ(qing)(zhn) 3ᆖ˾(x)茑~к? ش𣺃ߌ(du)r˵¸ҡǻ

̎a(b)䣺Ξ鷴rڌ(du)֮(qing)wԸ֮(qing)ڸf^˸Ă̈́(qing)ij̶ֻнì܌(du)Ă̈́(qing)ij̶ȲܺСfУٵطO茑~ݣĶrгɣ؁ĄB(qing)

4ᆖÿһβ֮Сf˵@к?

ش𣺑(zhn)֮һN_o(sh)茑׌˿˵ă(ni)(jin)^K(zhn)Լի@ʳ

ҪZ

һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵MɰɾǴ򲻔

@˵һλغ֮ă(ni)Ī(d)ףҲǴСfĺľwF(xin)ɣ؁ԒԷ֞ɲցǰV҂Ȼc(hu)(dng)زҪRһЩĥy@Щĥyȫ|w@Ĵ䣬挦(du)ֻҪһN^ľһw(jin)(qing)`ô(zh)^ľĥ

x

}ĿǡcСfnjһλ˼ںϵĽ(jng)v(sh)H˵O߸ѽ(jng)Խһ(g)˵ĴɞһNɣ؁ǡӲhӡĴ󺣄t;~t҂еġ(qing)\(yn)˵һһL(fng)혣(jng)vL(fng)Ҋʺ磬·;ɱ҂Ҫۣ\(yn)ϣֻн(jng)vc~^ܳɞ鏊(qing)ߣĸ

ġ̎СY(ji)

܉һеIJǏ(qing)ߣһ˲ď(qing)ԣ㑪(yng)(dng)ȑ(zhn)Խҡ䌍(sh)Եğȥʲôӵ߁Ҍʲôӵȥ׌҂ÿһ(g)˶иŬԘ^B(ti)ӭδ(zhn)

O(sh)Ӌ(j)

c

һ(g)غϣ~(G)K()܂R~Ե40

ڶ(g)غϣ(g)ւ(yn)~Եķ֮һ

(g)غϣ(g)()Ѫ낀(g)ӱҧ Ă(g)غϣ̹ʹÅ

傀(g)غϣ̹(G)()OƣHʣ SĿ(bio)

֪R(sh)cܣ

1˽ҺƽcČW(xu)(j) 2Ճ(ni)Ī(d)׌(du)΄(w) ^c

ڷ鹝(ji)^Ёɣ၆@λӲhҳă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)һ_ľSă(ni)ͨ^̎O(sh)Ӌ(j)}(do)W(xu)˼ӑՓĶnĵ֪R(sh)c(din)

БB(ti)cr(ji)ֵ^

W(xu)(x)˵ݔ?sh)B(qing)

̌W(xu)c(din)鹝(ji)ҳ(ni)Ī(d)ףӲh

̌W(xu)yc(din)Ճ(ni)Ī(d)׌(du) ̌W(xu)龳l(f)}̽ӑՓ ̌W(xu)(zhn)䣺ýwn

nr(sh)ţ1nr(sh)

̌W(xu)E^̣

һ(do)

[nǰҕlp(do)]

ͬW(xu)pǴϤϲgҕеľƬ----ՓʲôǡͬW(xu) Xúòţţ(jin)Ǹc(qing)Ĕˣ(du)֣(zhng)oՓ(du)ֶô(qing)󣬶ҪMǻšŗԔҪ҂һW(xu)(x)100ČW(xu)Ʒ֮һ̱ʽ30ČW(xu)Ʒ֮һġc˹ɣ၆硰ӲhԸôƵĵطՈ(qng)ͬW(xu)nn@ʾn}c

nǰСy(c)ԇeČW(xu)е䣩[nչʾ]

ߺ(jin)[nչʾ]

ģ¹[nչʾ]

c@ƪСf@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)@ƪСfĄ(chung)زāԴһλŰϝOH(jng)v@ƪСfĹ鹝(ji)dz(jin)ΡСfǹŰһλ(jng)ɣϝOɣ၆ѽ(jng)ʮδ~ڵڰʮ죬һ(g)˳h(yun)ںϽ(jng)^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;УR~s~ԵĹ(ji)xҪc~龰СfRY(ji)βIJҲСf鹝(ji)*

壩n鹝(ji)

?yn)Сf(ji)xIJֱ^L(zhng)Ў׶97ȽoһЩʾҿԸ(j)c~ɴβ(dng)󷵸ۻؼҰȫķ֞˂(g)[W(xu)ңӑՓ_][nչʾ] }̽

1.ʲôrc~ӶBM(jn)в w˥ƣ^ۻ܂ ֳ]ʳȱoԮ 2.СfʲôҪL~ă ~ӶBȺY(ji)(du)(qing) (du)ȡČ(du)

3.Ⱥ״c~Y(ji)Σ ~暢һl

õӚɗl

õӚһ^

ö̹˃ɗl

ö̹Ⱥ~

ÿ΄KصĴr(ji)K⵽oȵʧ 4.c~IJ ˡ--ȻҶ\(yn) ----(qing)(zhn)Ԕ 5.οɣ؁ʧ

@һ(chng)cȻ@Ą(dng)ǵıÿȡһc(din)ˑKصĴr(ji)⵽oȵʧһNxρfһ(g)?yn)飬\(yn)oՓôD׿^ĭh(hun){ԼšǻM(jn)ˊ^µĿ?fn)R~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ(g)˵ͿԵ_(d)ʲô̶ȡһ(g)ʧһ(g)ʧӢۡ@һ(g)ӲhӡСfеĴ󺣺~c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еF(xin)˟ocȵš⣬ʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ]бf@һ(g)wF(xin)fġMɰɾǴ򲻔˼

6.ɣ؁ǂ(g)ӵˣ

Ӳh󣺹ª(d)\(yn)ؚFw˥^ţ(jin)g

IʹؚF߱MȫB(qing) һ(g)R\(yn)^ŗӲhӣ

һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ġM԰ɾǴ򲻔

----ɣ؁

7.еĪ(d)ʲôc(din)?ʲô ijP(gun)ϝOɣ؁c~(chng)茑߀дă(ni)Ī(d)Ҍ(sh)ӛɣ؁ă(ni)Ļ(dng)ںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^“(lin)ķʽ挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼c@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺ(jin)ԼԮĹª(d)УWqSSСf˼룬(gu)СfҪɫСfеӲhӶǡ͹ţZ࣬ȱ˼ϝOɣ؁sSă(ni)磬Ј(jin)(qing)˼֧Є(dng)˳ɞ麣Сfп̮ɹ֮һĿ̮ԸͱF(xin)}ɷ

ߣO(sh)Ӌ(j)

ˣnչ

1.ɣ؁@ʲôl(f)fԒӖ(xn) һ\(yn)Rҡ2.xcI(lng)򵽺ܶ˵ĵǶ挦(du)yď(qing)Ո(qng)һƪxУ800ңӛԼxի@Ӗ(xn)

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1иxnbԼJ(rn)ʮ־ʵZƬΡ2ָ(do)W(xu)Ĭxnģ֪J(rn)R(sh)ϝO挦(du)ȻηڲӢ󣬲pƷζоʵZ3(do)W(xu)Y(ji)nă(ni)w(hu)c(din)_(d)˼顣4W(xu)J(rn)R(sh)ơȡt(hu)롢Iơ砡tZ⡰ӛIơ砵򡢞t~~Z5(do)W(xu)nxJ(rn)R(sh)c@һăr(ji)ֵ

̌W(xu)þߣýwn

̌W(xu)ţnr(sh)

һnr(sh)

һՄԒ(do)

_ČW(xu)ĚvʷL(zhng)Укܶгu(y)cƷ죬҂ҪJ(rn)R(sh)һλ@ӵңʾ^ƬxһƳƷչʾһcȫxn}

xn

1x(zhn)_ͨ 1R(sh)֌

ȡjucl(f)򡱵ġġ(qing)ġͬ

gc(g)g•{(dio)ͬǰ•֞•

2׌W(xu)^MֲM~Z ꣨e 루I砣 ɳʒ Zt 3~Z

ӛ(du)˻Ų磺

IIˮ߅ˮĵطˮĵط ᵣᵽǣͻ뺣еļεꑵЌ޵ġ–ĺᵡָе@Nεꑵء

һָɽȣͻָijijdָЍu?sh)ͻ?/p>

УЌڴ^ϡǡ˼

teֹȻ壬 Ӣλһ0.9072н k`̤ñۉ衢ֺ ׹⣺ijЩ|(zh)Ħ(dng)⡢늲l(f)Ĺʯ(jng)չڰ̎(hu)l(f)GɫĹ

˺̈́(dng)w(ni)w(jin)ӲĽM

Ĭx(bio)ȫĶҪvЩʲô(ni)oԼӡ龰ʲô

@ƪnСfĿsȫֻ13(g)ȻΣɷ֞Ă(g)֣

һ֣13ȻΣǰrˉ(mng)ҊϵĪ{кoСף\(yn)

ڶ֣49ȻΣںϵr^ס˴RĪĴ~h(yun)ĺࡣ

֣10ȻΣwеrһȺ~uc~M(jn)@U(xin)Kҵ󲫶

IJ֣1113ȻΣظۺr˂^~Ĺк˯։(mng)ҊϵĪ{ӡ

ڶnr(sh)

һ(do)룺

죬׌҂(x)(x)ƷζҺPµϝOɣ၆Ăͬһȥ(jng)v@Ą(dng)ǵĈ(chng)档

뼚(x)xƷζ _̽?j)?ni)

Ո(qng)ͬW(xu)?yu)g[nЩ(chng)׌ӡW(xu)

ϝOcR~^̵Ĉ(chng)档 ϝOc~^̵Ĉ(chng)

W(xu)(x)̽ϝOcR~^ 1ʾxʾ

ָxW(xu)(x)ʾ

_W(xu)(x)ʾIJE 2W(xu)(j)W(xu)(x)ʾW(xu)(x) 3(j)W(xu)شc(din)

߀]ֿ~o^z ָx

ƽ

~ˮϵľGU؉ˮ ˮһӢ̎

صý˲

O˶ƽoˮƯ

ϝOĄ(dng)^zڼϣ^zվoƴ֧סӡ

w(hu)ϝOMcR~ֿR~ƺںϝOŲæ

Ă(g)^ԺҵҲҪһ Ž

ٴ~fСĺȥ ϝO(dng)סڼϵ䓽z (dng)~ҵҲҪһ w(hu)ϝOҪ(jin)ֵףQ;U w(hu)678Ȼεă(ni)ݡ 1

ϝOĄ(dng)o^zס^z(dng)֓^zď

ڴ~ıF(xin)һӰϵ˴^߅ˡ¶

۴~󣺜ɫ砵ƵβL(zhng)

2xϝO•fԒ

3ӣҪ׌֪ʲôһ(g)܉kõģʲôһ(g)ܵס

“(lin)ϵϝOĄ(dng)Z(dng)~Ļ(dng)^˼

ʲôһ(g)܉kõ

mȻR~(qing)󣬵ηQҪ*(du)֡

ʲôһ(g)ܵסģ

(jin)ֿ˷ƣw֧L(fng)Օҹĺȵ

СY(ji)@һԒԿ̹ʎă(ni)_(d)ĿIJTݵĂ(g)ԣô׌ܹԒZ׌҂ӛX

4bƬΣꖹ¡һ(x)L(zhng)Ę

Y(ji)^ɣϝOֽ(jng)vһ(g)ҹIJֱ죬סһʹ߸ߵeOʹȫѝOM(jn)~@ֻR~Kȥ

߀]~ʳ~^Ųæ Ă(g)^Ժ~fСȥ ҹϝOڴ^

̫c~dzƣ һ(g)ҹ^m(x)܂ ñMⲫ~K

6Y(ji)ϸw(hu)ͬW(xu)ϝOһںĴcR~죬˕r(sh)댦(du)ϝOfʲôʾD׌W(xu)

ԌW(xu)ϝOc~(ni)ݣJ(rn)R(sh)

1\(yn)ÌW(xu)(x)ϝOcR~(ni)ݵķԌW(xu)ϝOc~ă(ni)ı

~M(jn)ϝOıF(xin)~ıF(xin)

һl޴~(zhn)ÝO棬~^ȥwıƽβ_~βҧȥ

Ѓɗl~ӵĴ~^O(sh)ʹ~¶һɴΣKõ~һlĕr(sh)߀ҧµ~⣻

һlڴk~

~ֳȺZһеù ק¶ֱסһһȥ ~߀ǏĹ˺ҧһKK~⡣ 2Y(ji)ϱ(ni)ݣc(din) ʾӣ

һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ģMܰɾǴ򲻔

x@ԒY(ji)ϱ(ni)Մ?w)W(xu)

挦(du)~uҊR~ѽ(jng)ҧÚȱȫr(sh)]ʧȥšϣš挦(du)ʧ

?yn)麦ʧ׷ɹ@ߡ Ҫһ(g)(qing)͑(yng)(dng)挦(du)ʧŗ׷

Ə㿴ϝOӵԸ

ϝOԔH˵(yn)͹ǚ⡣

xb@Ԓ

ӑՓ

Y(ji)ȫă(ni)ݣӑՓҊJ(rn)ϝOdzɹ߀ʧfW(xu)

ϝOһ(g)ɹϣF(xin)һN挦(du)y澳ġӲhԸwF(xin)ˡ˿Ա磬ܱ򔡡@һNľ

I(y)á

1ϝOoӵӡԡxcиС鸱(bio)}һƪxУҪԔMһ(g)(bio)}

2bJ(rn)鱾Ќʮ־ʵƬ

3nՈ(qng)ѡcԭȫıҁxһxһxի@

O(sh)Ӌ(j)

c

׽R~η

ɣ၆

c~ڲ

Zġc̰5

֪R(sh)Ŀ(bio)

(do)W(xu)Yϴµ˽⺣ƷL(fng)

B(yng)Ŀ(bio)

1Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZԷʹĦĵζ

2(do)W(xu)ͨ^xץסҪţСfҪ(ni)M(jn)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСfZԺc(din)

B͸Ŀ(bio)

B(yng)\(yn){šǻD׿^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>

c(din)yc(din)

c(din)

1(do)W(xu)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСfZԺc(din)

2B(yng)\(yn){šǻD׿^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>

yc(din)

Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZԷʹĦĵζ

nr(sh)

1nr(sh)

̌W(xu)E

һ_Ŀ(bio)

1Y(ji)Ľ(jng)vZԷʹĦĵζ

2(do)W(xu)ͨ^xץסҪţСfҪ(ni)M(jn)(du)c(din)ă(ni)Ī(d)M(jn)м(x)xĦСfZԺc(din)

3B(yng)\(yn){šǻD׿^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>

һߺ(jin)

ErnestHemingway18991961һĉӲhQl(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CL18qM(jn)(bo)磬^ɴ(zhn)‚۱w1954s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)1961򲻿겡ʹĥ_Ԛx͵һ(du)u(png)r(ji)sϿy(tng)f׺]Ă(g)˱ȚW(ni)˹ء(du)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^Ӱ푡Q顰o(j)20o(j)֮һ

(jin)ľSҪ˽߽ߵ(jin)(qing)^ľL(fng)ČW(xu)L(zhng)Ёij1926l(f)ġ̫՘@F(xin)(zhn)˻ÜеƷɞ顰㯵һĴСR_ѩ犞lQһg(zhn)•ԡͨF(xin)ˇg(sh)@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)ġc

L(fng)һԺ(jin)Q׷Q늈(bo)ʽL(zhng)ØOZ(chung)L(fng)Ҳܪ(d)āվĹоpP(gun)ZˡҲվPµҲǰ۲Ӳhԡcɣ၆͡úһԿԸ@Ӳh䱾ɺw(jin)Ը񣺡һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ģM԰ɾǴ򲻔

Ժl(f)һЩƪСf茑һЩȭţʿC˵@ЩŒһN۲(jin)(qing)挦(du)ġӲhӡԸcɣ؁@NԸİl(f)չcAСfеĴ󺣺~c(du)(hu)cȻc֮M(jn)еУF(xin)˟ocȵšʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ]бf@һ(g)wF(xin)fġMɰɾǴ򲻔˼

˂QƷС늈(bo)ʽL(fng)ڱУ@Nc(din)ЩwF(xin)

1Y(ji)(gu)ϵĆμԣٵ鹝(ji)֦˹Ըһrֱӳ(chng)ֻϝOɣ؁һ(g)鹝(ji)ҲҪLJ@R~IJ@Լ˶c~֮gIJ^μС(jng)(du)cԭM(jn)˃ɰٶεУ醣ԼfcԌһǧôL(zhng)Сfдfеÿ(g)Լ?c)ô\ӳܽӵһ^̡Ȼе.٘ZhȥЄeˌ^Ė|hȥ˽ӑՓhՓIJȥһлGGı˺oʹСfμС

2ʹ^茑ַ^ʹ~؄eAoMֱˮ(dng)?sh)Ĕ?dng)rČ(du)ԒӺ(jin)̣ZR(zhn)_(dng)ɣ؁@һr(sh)ĹPҪ挍(sh)(dng)٬F(xin)c~Ĉ(chng)~ā(sh)ͣ˵ijӭ(zhn)C(j)Cݣ(dng)猑~F(xin)Σ(dng)һɰɫѪһӢĺȻɢ_ĕr(sh)͏ˮĵطZρεôʲôҲһ_{(ln)ɫˮӿF(xin)̫ꖹ@茑]һ(g)~~ă͡΄(sh)ľoȅsչʾxǰϴĔֺͷ(f)NճZʹxR侳֮Ќ(du)󺣵茑֫E(jin)qһˮīɽˮxĕա

3r(dng)Ą(dng)茑ͺ(jin)Č(du)ԒڏĸXҕX|Xȥ̮󣬌cxߵľxs̵޶ȣҺֱӱ¶ǰY(ji)ں(jin)ѸٵĄ(dng)N(yn)ȻĻߺ(jin)Č(du)ԒxԼȥw(hu)猑c~Ĉ(chng)棺^~߭~^ϵĕr(sh) óǗl~Ƥ_`•@N茑˵Ҋ„xx(hu)^һȻͬӵĸXͬ@֣ͬoͬϲ׌xȥ猍(sh)ȡӡD(du)cx֮gȥK¡Ҫ׌(du)cxֱӜͨ@Ҳ@ƪСfĈ(chng)茑ĵһ(g)Ҫԭ

4׷һN⾳(jng)Աɽ(chung)f(chung)Ҫϵıɽ˷֮һ¶˷֮ߑ(yng)ԓ[ˮ¡¶ˮ[ˮµ˼ԽrԽʹˮ¡IJ韴߀ַʹƷN(yn)

yc(din)̽

1ᆖ˞ʲôfһ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ġMɰɾǴ򲻔

_@Ԓɣ؁ă(ni)Ī(d)ҲСfĺľ(dng)ؽʾɣ؁ă(ni)׷Ҳߺ˼^cr(ji)ֵ^ķӳ@ԒζʹNJ^c\(yn)иĿ?fn)mȻRNNȻc(hu)(zhn)ҲS@Щ(zhn)(qing)԰˵w磬һ(g)ֻҪʢĶ־κDyU(xin)ǰľ˾h(yun)DŽߡСfеϝOɣ؁mȻK]ܱסR~c~^F(xin)ocȵšʧ˵(yn)ǾϵĄ

2ᆖеĪ(d)ʲôc(din)?ʲôã

_ijP(gun)ϝOɣ؁c~(chng)茑߀дă(ni)Ī(d)Ҍ(sh)ӛɣ؁ă(ni)Ļ(dng)ںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^“(lin)ķʽ挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼c@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺ(jin)ԼԮĹª(d)WqSʣSСf˼(gu)СfҪɫСfеӲhӶǡ͹Zȱ˼룬ϝOɣ؁sSă(ni)Ј(jin)(qing)ԣ˼֧Є(dng)˳ɞ麣Сfп̮ɹ֮һ

I(y)

ɡӑc(x)һ

5.߶σ(c)Zĵھnc(ji)x֪R(sh)c(din)

1.nԾ侫x

(1)һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ģM԰ɾǴ򲻔

(2)֪ǂ(g)ҲҪ,@]@(g)š̈́e(dng)͡ڌ(du)ք㲻ρGĘǽmqsҪDzԺ͟oڽ㡣

2.(du)䡶cu(png)r(ji)

(1)˼PµӰһ״ˣ˂(zhng)ЧƷеĻ~sr(sh)(bo)

(2)һN(qing)ҵԸԇDԼ(du)Ŀ(qing)҂ԱһNӲh󡭡(dng)ډ(mng)r(sh)Ǿͱض(hu)F(xin)ȫĄđ(zhn)͈AMĽY(ji)ؐ

(3)׺]Ă(g)˱ȚW(ni)˹ء(du)ĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^ӰsϿy(tng)

(4)Ǯ(dng)Ȼx֮һͻƂy(tng)µL(fng)ַδ(yng)}ĵҪČW(xu)u(png)Փ¡

3.P(gun)־Ʒ|(zh)

(1)l]l͛]ǻۡ_

(2)]Ђ־Ͳ۲Ŵ͠

(3)ˮʯ(jin)gΡ囶Ĭ

(4)l;(dng)ul־;l¶Qĺȱ`lɵϡZ˹

(5)ʹ־@ɵ;׌־[Óڠ

Zġc̰6

nġctvһ(g)˵Ĺ¡ʮǰںżһȺwԽļttĴctY(ji)˲֮ÿ궬RtȺY(ji)(du)؁֮ϣҲss(hu)Ƶÿ쵽֮ȥιtL(fng)oҕt郺Ůoιɣĺtö֮tc˽Y(ji)xȻһ죬ȥt?c)˵zǰwPB•QC(dng)Ǟ`ġŮx_ԼHˡnĽY(ji)(gu)ɷ֞ɴ󲿷֣ǰ벿ͨ^ιt􆾺t֡ctHеfԒF(xin)ˌ(du)to˽Đһքtͨ^󣬺tzǰwPCQеȱѮչʾ˺t(du)˵Ƿ𺳵nZԘ㌍(sh)ƽа飬x^˟oc(dng)@擴ĸ(dng)

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1xиct֮g˽µ`ꡣ

2W(xu)(x)茑t(dng)~䣬Ķ׌W(xu)J(rn)R(sh)(dng)`Ե҂Hܵ҂(du)κһݸܵõļӱ؈(bo)

3ͨ^W(xu)(x)nĵļ(x)(ji)茑W(xu)(hu)挍(sh)wر_(d)M(jn)ZԷeۡ

̌W(xu)c(din)

(x)^ٶxnץס茑t(dng)c(din)Z䣬w(hu)N(yn)еĦΰct֮gĸ錑wġ

̌W(xu)^̣

һp(do)롪ˌ(du)t

ͬW(xu)ͨ^һ(ji)nČW(xu)(x)ctSS஋һo̵ӡ҂һһ(ctC̎W(xu)^)

ʲôܣ(W(xu)Մ)

fһ(g)M~ZHˡct񡪡fHһ죬׌҂?c)һM(jn)DŽ(dng)˵龰ǷݝHn}

O(sh)Ӌ(j)Dpːۺtpːۺtl(f)W(xu)W(xu)(x)dȤʹW(xu)ܵ@һλͨݹͬr(sh)һλˣеĸ鶼ںt@Nct֮gyԸĝУȾ¸׌˄(dng)Ҳڶnr(sh)w(hu)t(du)˵xϵķP

Ԟ^顪t(du)˵

1ɣ(dng)҂Ҷct@H顢CcҸ֮Еr(sh)һ(g)ҵϢˣʾPPTx]뵽^ʮ󣬺Ȼ˸V҂ȥˡ

2r(sh)(du)˂f^Ըf(dng)x_r(sh)ϣ܉zŴ߅׌ٿһġŮ˂zԸڰz񎧵߅r(sh)sl(f)һ벻飬Ո(qng)ͬW(xu)x1519Ȼ߅x߅룬Щ׌Є(dng)cͬ

(1)x׌Є(dng)IJ֡

2g,ܵһNʲô?һ(g)~ݴ˕r(sh)˿̺t᣿

tʲô(hu)@ӵ?

O(sh)Ӌ(j)D(do)W(xu)}xM(jn)W(xu)(g)Իx׌W(xu)ԌW(xu)׌W(xu)wϸ֪n@óxw(yn)

3.˰Ѻt(dng)H,tҲˮ(dng)H,еЩطt˵H?

4.R(bo)

A(y)O(sh):

A.һȺtͻȻw˵zwPB•Q•˄(sh)cƽr(sh)һǰl(f)ʲô¡

(1)(do)W(xu)ץסc(din)~ZһӡᆖtĽ•cʽcƽr(sh)(hu)ӵġһӡ

2ώゃĻش(dng)֪ˣt˕r(sh)ǽģʾPPTtB•ƺfʲô

3ͬW(xu)tһ••еĺ@Ӡ߀бlܰ@NXx

ҷһֻжֱĺtͬW(xu)҂һ@ԒxһxRx

ɣtwPB•QС˅sʼKһ(dng)(dng)tKףѽ(jng)h(yun)h(yun)xȥǣڴ߅?yu)eһ(chng)˵YЩط܉wF(xin)t(du)˵һƬH˰

BtȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿǰհzݵH١

1ܵʲôĂ(g)~ܵ

2W(xu)fհհ˼հָĿһָ(du)˵𾴣ǂˆW(xu)ӑՓR(bo)

3xt(du)@NH˰Ĝ߀Ќ(du)˵c۴᣿ָx

C^һ(hu)tأzǰվ˃C(dng)Ǟ`İʹ

1w(hu)ʲôl(f)Ҋ

2ãͬW(xu)]۾F(xin)һֻtõ\cףͽo˰ɣ]۾\

_ゃp@`r(sh)\ĸxиRx

3ʮǧ(g)ÿ춼һ˛]ڶ߀Ǜ]ֱĕr(sh)˲Ųۘǵ؁ˡιtιtĕr(sh)˵ӏ˹һӵĻΡ@3죬ֻһXúc(din)ˣst@һEeˡͬW(xu)ゃx16Ȼ茑tľώx茑˵ľӡ

ͬW(xu)ץסc(din)~w(hu)@ǺܺõČW(xu)(x)҂^m(x)

D(dng)҂òzĕr(sh)tըˠI(yng)Ƶijz^•Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@Ƭw(dng)İɫuÓ

1@һζֵôҺúw(hu)ʾPPTlxһx@һ

Ո(qng)һx

2xѡ䡱xɡw(do)W(xu)ӑՓвW(xu)ӑՓR(bo)

3@ɡ䡱xr(sh)~Ҫ(f)(hu)_(d)벻ЧώЄ(dng)@ĽǶһԸSһֻֻt^γһӣɫu

@һ(chng)@Ą(dng)׌˞֮(dng)ݵYͬW(xu)?c)xһx@xtһƬ顣

xՈ(qng)(g)wxՈ(qng)u(png)r(ji)

xãώѮ(dng)r(sh)ɏ挍(sh)Ƭһ(du)հ`r(sh)'ƬһǺt䡱^ȥƬʾPPT䱯Сx_һ졷ؽftվɃһ(dng)(dng)`ppغǰ]ЃŮ׌҂ăŮ׌҂?yu)`\ɣ˵z񲻵òtһеē^•QУҪ@Ƭ׌҂?c)ٿ҂Hһoς(g)ɣͬW(xu)ĕ҂һفиx1617ȻΡRx

5ͬW(xu)һʲôԭ(hu)l(f)@ӵ벻R(bo)

?yn)ǰ?du)tI(xin)o˽ĐԲŕ(hu)кt벻e(dng)@ӱѵĈ(chng)@׌҂˾ιB龰ʾιB棩x

ڗU߅߅ţtĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪ•ɫĘV

(ji)ࡱ`꣬l֪(ji)cʲôP(gun)

ιtĹ(ji)ӵ

ιtĹ(ji)ҲǕr(sh)r(sh)ġ

ιtʲôr(sh)r(sh)

˼ϿǺt˵Ĺ(ji)䣬Œ(sh)tĹ(ji)߅߅ָx

tĶˣԵÿՈ(qng)gxxx

tøԵøgˣՈ(qng)gxxx

tԵĝMˣҲٶȣl@Ӂxxx

@ĺtwİɫVһƪ------•ɫĘV

@•ɫĘV ʲô

˺t•߀ ʲô

ゃַ·Ҋʲô

ゃô࣬ ôܵô࣬ܲܰ@ԒxһxԼlxָx

ʮÿ궬RL(fng)oŮһctSͬV@ĸ衪W(xu)x׃QɵԊԡz?

^ɣһ֧ѽs׃һױİRxһȻΡ

O(sh)Ӌ(j)D

ZĽ̌W(xu)Ҫx鱾xռ^؄ex̌W(xu)x_•鲢ïxֻ(ni)ݣǘӵx̌W(xu)ǚȱx̌W(xu)һҪҪxvxn茑tľӌ÷dz(dng)Ҳʮָ̌W(xu)ҕ(hu)xw(hu)Y(ji)ڌW(xu)Ʒζnĺmr(sh)ָ(do)W(xu)x؄e(do)W(xu)ؑF(xin)(sh)c˸er(sh)Ĉ(chng)棬(do)W(xu)w(hu)tʲô`Оʲôá䡱áwıcĽY(ji)(hu)ʹW(xu)w(hu)t(du)xȻͨ^x¶ϲȡͬʽxxָxxxŮxِxRxW(xu)xdȤ_(d)xvxĿ

ԒƷζctH

1:ǰ˵w߀Ǻtt(du)Ҳᣬһ߀кööԒ˴˃AV׌҂һ@(g)Ը

Ԓ

1һֻ(jng)ιB(yng)^ĺt挦(du)Hˡˣ(hu)(du)fЩʲô

2ˣؑcŮtһĻĻ挦(du)ʹ^ĺt(hu)(du)fЩʲô

2

O(sh)Ӌ(j)Dݴ˭h(hun)(ji)O(sh)Ӌ(j)(do)W(xu)⡢eۺ\(yn)Z^УB͸ZĽ̌W(xu)w(hu)кăr(ji)ֵʹZnõġZζЩ(do)W(xu)ԽıAԼxw(yn)͸M(jn)һnּ(do)W(xu)nw(hu)c(dng)֮gõ׌W(xu)xƷI(lng)Bͨ^Խıx׌W(xu)׃ǻۡ׃

ġչAc(dng)C̎

1ô\Zô(dng)˵ct֮gŸЄ(dng)˺ܶܶˣ˂?c)ڴ@ィһ(g)ܣʾPPTffMĘЦ܇tȻwôCĈ(chng)ͬW(xu)@λ׌҂ʥ(du)Y@λƽւ˱_(d)(du)Tߵľ

2УһӐo(h)(dng)߀кܶ㣬дң҂F(xin)ځ һ׸裺QĹ¡ϣ҂ÿ(g)˶P(gun)ۄ(dng)̈́(dng)ƽ̎

O(sh)Ӌ(j)D

h(hun)(ji)Ľ̌W(xu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ʹW(xu)`x`A w(yn)`_(d)ڌW(xu)ZB(yng)γcl(f)չʹW(xu)ի@,˼µnã_ʼµ̽

Zġc̰7

̲Ķλ

c(ji)xDzZxԱσ(c)Ԫĵھƪ@ƪСfչF(xin)cȻ֮gһ(chng)@Ą(dng)ǵIJһ(g)†εˣ挦(du)U(xin)Ĵ(du)ǑY(ji)ƺҲDzԶȻСfsͨ^IJչF(xin)һNԔľ

x@ƪµĕr(sh)Ҫ@@һʧӢ۵xw(hu)Сfٝힵġ˵`(yn)Ʒxc~傀(g)غϵIJУw(hu)(dng)?sh)Zͬr(sh)ҳ˵ă(ni)Ī(d)w(hu)F(xin)ԸԼʾּ

B(yng)Ŀ(bio)

1.˽⺣ƷeČW(xu)R(sh)

2.˽СfţСfҪ(ni)Ʒ˼(ni)

3.xεˇg(sh)ַՃ(ni)Ī(d)׵Ą(chung)ַ̽ӑ

4.ϝOʥ؁ӲhԸW(xu)(x)\(yn){šǻD׿^ĭh(hun)M(jn)п?fn)ľ?/p>

̌W(xu)yc(din)

Сf̽ӑƷ˼(ni)

̌W(xu)

̽c(din)ܷ

̌W(xu)^̡

һ龰(do)

(dng)F(xin)(sh)ĿL(fng)EҵĴ҂֮r(sh)(dng)Ӌ(j)҂òL(fng)̤P(yng)h(yun)֮r(sh)҂?c)ӵˑB(ti)挦(du)L(fng)׌҂߽ġcһҴ

֪Փ

1.˽ߡ

1899--1961(dng)ČW(xu)֮һҲǃɴ(zhn)֮gЂɫʺͪ(d)؂(g)ԵĽܳ^(du)Ց(zhn)(zhng)˽Űđ(zhn)1941ЇLؑcܕ(hu)Ҋ^ܶ^6ƪP(gun)ЇՑ(zhn)(zhng)Ĉ(bo)(zhn)(zhng)Y(ji)ӹŰͣ1954{c@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)ز1961_Ԛ

2.(chung)

c@ƪСfǸ(j)Œġһ(zhn)Y(ji),ƾӹŰ,J(rn)R(sh)ϝO׸W˹1930,˵ĴڱL(fng)г],˹˺Ĵ,c˹Y(ji)x,(jng)һ~1936,˹h(yun)һl~,@l~̫,ں˺L(zhng)r(sh)g,Y(ji)ښwб~u,؁r(sh)ֻʣһǼܡ

3.ǰ

һ(g)ʥ؁ϝOBm(x)84]һl~(d)һ˳Th(yun)ںϽ(jng)^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~

nĹ(ji)xc~龰СfRY(ji)βIJ֣ҲСf鹝(ji)ĸ߳sռȫ֮һc(din)茑c~傀(g)غ

4.˽⡰ɽՓ

ڡ֮:һλɢҌ(du)댑Ė|Д(sh),ôʡ֪Ė|,x,ֻҪߌ挍(sh),(hu)(qing)ҵظXʡԵĵط,ѽ(jng)˳ɽںƄ(dng)f(yn)ꂥ,@?yn)ֻа˷֮һ¶ˮϡ@ǺġɽՓ

5.˽⡰Ӳh

ӲhָƷгF(xin)һϵ@Щȭ􎟡ţʿC˵,һN۲ϡ(jin)(qing)Ը,挦(du),挦(du)ɸ׃\(yn),F(xin)һN(zhn)־,˵(yn)š

c(din)ܡ(d)ʽ茑

ָСf\(yn)˴(ni)Ī(d),HҌ(sh)ӛʥ؁ă(ni)Ļ(dng),ںƯđB(ti),ͨ^“(lin)ķʽ,挍(sh)٬F(xin)˵˼cܡ@Щ(ni)Ī(d)ײH̽ʾ˹(ni)đ(zhn)ٌ(du)ֵԺ挦(du)yĈ(jin)Լo@ԮĹª(d),WqS,SСf˼롣@@ƪСfҪɫ

ָ(do)

һ

ֱӃ(ni)Ī(d)

ֱӃ(ni)Ī(d)@һN(d)ף茑@ӵĪ(d)וr(sh)ȟo߽ҲoO(sh) ԌR(sh)ֱչʾoxoнxf@fҲfBͬ"f"""֮(do)~ЩՓĕʧ˻ʧ

gӃ(ni)Ī(d)

gӃ(ni)Ī(d)ׄtһλo֪gչʾһЩδԱزģֱӏR(sh)һ߄tͨ^u(png)Փxx(d)ṩ?q)?/p>

۟o֪茑

o֪茑һλo֪ҽ茑ľ(ni)ݺR(sh)(dng)^ͨ^\(yn)Ây(tng)Ĕº茑(du)@NR(sh)M(jn)

ܑԪ(d)

ʽ(d)ֱӏﵽxo߽gsһ F(xin)R(sh)޵Ҳ(ni)Ī(d)ǘӺo

\(yn)ê(d)ʽ茑'ԭt

ّ(yng)ضضh(hun)Юa(chn)ضă(ni)Ī(d)

ֻP(gun)I鹝(ji)(dng)F(xin)r(sh),Ű֮ԱҪă(ni)Ī(d)ס

ۃ(ni)Ī(d),ҪŬF(xin):(x)΢ĸ鲨͏(f)s׃^

w\(yn)á

ᘌ(du)еһ»ijNF(xin),һ,UԼĿ,Ҫ\(yn)ê(d)ʽ茑

ʾ:

ںL(zhng)һΕr(sh)g,ԻЇ(sh)H\(yn)еđ(yng)ԇ͸eĿ^|(zh)Ҳ֪(yng)ԓȥ̎@NP(gun)ϵ(yng)ԇČ(sh)x͹ɫ`һ֮ȥ,(du)|(zh),׌ijʧȥ˽,Ҳʧȥ˽Ŀ(bio)ȡ@(g)(hu)m(x)(yng)ԇ,kͨ^@һP(gun),ȫ(sh)ʩ|(zh),Ҳkӳɞ|(zh)ˡ̎ĕr(sh)@һ(g)r(sh),@һ(g)^(f)s˲Ϣf׃ĕr(sh)ãȻˡ

ּ

@һͨ^Ƕ~¶~۲϶~^,һ(g)FPPӲh,ʥ؁ӢB(qing)ľ,wF(xin)ҪB(qing)(zhng)Zȡ,¸ҵ挦(du)ʧđB(ti)ȡ

塢زķeۡ

1.԰Ҵh(yun)(hu)ҴҴwh(yun)򔡲ҵ

2.cţ(zhn)ţţ

3.ÿ(g)˶һuһ(g)˱@(jin)̵čuZȻܳɞꑵһ֡

4.ֻҪӋ(j)^ʧ]ʲôܿ˷

5.ƫ(zh)ǼŹֵĖ|ƫ(zh)˱Ȼ^(du)Լ_Լ_˼L(zhng)@NԞ_ֱĿ

Zġc̰8

W(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)

1(hu)J(rn)롢ơȡt7 (g)֣(hu)Iơ砡tZ10 (g)_xӛIơ砵t~~ZeԼϲg~Z;

2w(hu)c(din)_(d)˼飬ϝOɣ၆ӲhԸW(xu)(x)(jin)(qing)־h(yun)򲻿ľ

3иxnpƷζоʵZⱾSx

W(xu)(x)c(din)

ɣ၆cR~~ģץסc(din)ӷɣ၆oηֵľ

W(xu)(x)yc(din)

ץסɣ၆(dng)(dng)茑ľΣw(hu)ɣ၆ӲhԸ͟oηֵľP(gun)I~ڱ_(d)ⷽáⱾSx

֪R(sh)朽

Сf1954ZؐČW(xu)(jing)@l(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CLtʮ֕(hu)܇(du)˾C(j)ӵһ(zhn)ԺL(zhng)ړ(dn)vWӛߣӛ݅ӵڶ(zhn)(ni)(zhn)ƪСfcˇg(sh)ϣǺ(jin)swͶNF(xin)ַijɫ\(yn)ČW(xu)^һ(chng)ČW(xu)SWҶ@ܵӰ

c@ƪ茑SxַǸ(j)֮gijN“(lin)ϵijijľwԱF(xin)ijNĸ˼С籾n~yʹۡǡ(dng)?sh)\(yn)ַԌijЩ^ľƷ|(zh)wĿԸ֪󣬏Ķox̵ӡxĶox¾׽ζ

W(xu)(x)^̣3nr(sh)

A(y)(x)zy(c)

1xƴ~Z

din j hi bn p ji

( ) ( ) ( )

ju q lin do li qi

( ) ( ) ( )

Xio s sh y g g

( ) ( ) ( )

2ֽM~

루 I Ƣ

ࣨ _ 

f 죨

ȣ Z

3xһxٷŒ~Z

ããttּL(zhng)

4x~

ƣM ݲ ȱȫ 泯 Ųæ

1~ ~˶ƽoˮƯ

2~ѽ(jng)oҧã

3һ(hu)~ yɫĶƤˮρK

4ɣ၆ѽ(jng) ˰M(jn)éڴ˯

5~εǰeֹ (yu)t

[xnģx(zhn)R(sh)ӛ֣~əzy(c)ͬ]

(do)֪

1c ijСf˹ rK ښw;  Ĺ£˵ҿ Ă

2Օr(sh)g?q)nķ֞IJÿҪ(ni)ݡ

һ֣

ڶ֣

֣

IJ֣

[Ȥ(do)n}(jin)֪nҪ(ni)ݡ½Y(ji)(gu)]

x

1W(xu)(x)ǰr

1Ĭx1~3ȻΣҳ茑ʵZѸעڕϡ

2xΣ

@(x)T(mng)ҊͯķޣL(zhng)ĽSɫĺ׵ô۵ĺˮ–ĺɫĸɽİããču߀ dŭ̖(ho)

@Ԓ茑 ͨ^

Ⱦ茑׌҂ܵ˾ F(xin)ˌ(du)Ȼ ԼcȻ 

ķ޺߅߀У 

[ץסZƬΣM(jn)pW(xu)(x)h(hun)茑ķӖ(xn)]

2W(xu)(x)cR~ƬƷζ

g[n4~9ȻЩ(chng)׌ӡ̣ڕעСM

1~ܴ󡣏ăԿ

ӑc(din)

߀]~ʳͻȻҊˮϵһGU؉ˮ^z(dng)һ¡ˮһӢ̎һlR~ڳ^^ϵɳ~^zXһlӲĖ|صý˲š

~Ųæ~˶ƽoˮƯ˰^zڼϣְ^zվoƴ֧סֿ~o^z

wF(xin)~󡰵ľУ

茑ϝOĄ(dng)~ZУ

@Щ(dng)~˺ʹR~ ׌҂ܵ˵ 

2˄឵~r(sh)r

Ă(g)^ԺǗl~fСĺȥסڼϵ^z룺]kҲқ]k@r(sh)ôҪкĎȻֿɑzǗl~˲ϡ~ҵҲҪһ

茑~ľǣ 茑ϝO(dng)~ZУ 茑ľǣ

ĝOĄ(dng)茑҂w(hu)ϝO ľ

3c~r

x6~8Ȼ˼

ٌϝOĄ(dng)ľǣ 

ڌ~ľǣ 

۴~ĘӵP(gun)ϡ~~~

c(din)x

ꖹҫۣ^ɫģ砵ƬƵβˮ]L(zhng)һһ(x)L(zhng)'Ę

@\(yn) oַ  ı҂w(hu)˴~

ϝO•fԒϡ--

Ҫ׌֪ʲôһ(g)܉kõģʲôһ(g)ܵס

һ(g)܉kõġָ һ(g)ܵסġָ @һԒԿ

Ă(g)

ݰՕr(sh)gʾ~xƒ(ni)

߀]--~ʳ~^Ųæ

Ă(g)^Ժ--~fСȥ

ҹ--ϝOڴ^

̫--c~dzƣ

һ(g)ҹ--^m(x)܂

--ñMⲫ~K

xw(hu) ľ˕r(sh)˿댦(du)f 

[ץס(dng)Z茑Ʒʾ󣬌W(xu)(hu)]

3ԌW(xu)c~

1Ĭx10Ȼɱ

~M(jn) ϝOF(xin)

һl޴~

Ѓɗl~

~ȺZ

2c(din)䣺

һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ģM԰ɾǴ򲻔

ҵǣ w(hu)ϝO ľ

4ɣ၆@(g)ģ茑SxՈ(qng)ⱾSx

ˡ

R~

~



к

[ĬxԌW(xu)ƷӣxW(xu)(x)]

Y(ji)

1ӑՓϝOdzɹ߀ʧߣf

2(dng)yr(sh)ɣ၆ϵõʲôʾ

3. bJ(rn)鱾Ќʮ־ʵƬ

4nѡcԭȫıҁxһxһxի@

[u(png)r(ji)f“(lin)ϵ(sh)HՄb(jng)ƬΣnxӏ(qing)eۡ]

_(d)(bio)zy(c)

һoмc(din)ע

( ) ( ) ( )

۝n( ) һ( ) k( )

~Zеe(cu)e֡

¾( ) ( )

[( ) ΣU( )

ȺY(ji)(du)( ) oȭ^( )

̖(ho)ǡ(dng)?sh)~Z

( )ĺ ( )Ė|

( )β ( )

( )؉ ( )^z

߅һԒеĄ(dng)~ԭĵһ(xing)ǣ

ͣ¶ֻ֣ סһһεأȥ

A. ȡ B.G

C.G ק D. ק

Ҫ󌑾

1~һB(yng)ңһҪŪüc(din)~ӣ

2һִL(zhng)ѩ׵ļs䣩

3˜ˮ͸Ğ־䣩

4˛]б~򔡡Ğ鷴䣩

xģɾ(x)

ҲҧoP(gun)

ǂ(g)@Ą(dng)ǵĹ@ӵģ_غӬKʵɽվɽh(yun)̎аɫĘȺꖹ׃˷^{(ln)ƣL(fng)ɂ(g)˸dӣ㵸ԡ(du)ڽKՄµz@һyõС

Ǐ@(g)r(sh)_ʼ_һ_̤ߴ|˂(g)SfYȥ܇Ƕ͵ɽʯ]ץֵĵط̶̵һ˲װl(f)ʲôR(sh)أһҧסɷ(dng)r(sh)ڵĔzh(yun)̎L(fng)ͬr(sh)ҲTԎr߅}֮gסһØ䡣_ؑڿP(gun)oҧņ?j)ŝ׼?x)XГ(dn)һ(g)ߴ|wȫһ{(ln)ƴɽʯ֮gL(zhng)l(f)һL(fng)hP(yng)܏ںһСr(sh)^ο;@r(sh)ĬX촽类ѪȾrtrtˆ܉ͦôL(zhng)r(sh)gش𣺡(dng)r(sh)^Xֻһ(g)^һɿ_ؿ϶(hu)֮@(g)L(zhng)˳w

˂l(f)F(xin)ҲҧoP(gun)

1á--_һ_ȿՕr(sh)ΣU(xin)(chng)ľӡ

2һ{(ln)ƴɽʯ֮gʲôoַʲô

3ʲôXҧס_һ(g)Сr(sh)

4⡰ҲҧoP(gun)@Ԓ

Zġc̰9

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1.˽⡶cƷĹ

2.Y(ji)茑Ʒζ˼Ը

3.?q)W(x)ϵǷN\(yn)Ȼ(zhn)ěQĺš

̌W(xu)c(din).

Y(ji)茑Ʒζ˼Ը

̌W(xu)yc(din)

(do)W(xu)w(hu)茑Ըϵ

nr(sh)

1nr(sh)

̌W(xu)^

һ(do)n

֪ˌƪֻЎʮ퓵С(c)Ӷ@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)һ(hu)еyŵ@Œ(sh)@(g)˾Ǻ@С(c)ӾǡcСfһ棬̈́(chung)ʷϿǰļo(j)䛣48Сr(sh)۳530f(c)Ʒڮ(dng)ͫ@ߪ(jing)֫@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)

ߺ(jin)

(ʾƬ)һ(g)۴C~^һ(zhn)đ(zhn)(chng)^237KƬ^Ͽp^57?bio)ڷރɶwC(j)ʧ(yn)صXʎʹҕͽÿr@ǺĽ(jng)vӲhԸ

Ʒ(jin)

(ʾcDƬ)@ƪСf茑һλª(d)ĹŰϝOڼձȺ~ǰl(f)һϵ@Ą(dng)ǵĹĶһ(g)؉Ȼփ(yu)L(fng)ȡھϲɑ(zhn)ٵ

.}ӑ

(1)˫@ٵԭʲô?

@(chng)š͈(jin)g.^У֧˵wϣ֧˵ľ񣬶(jng)(yn)ʹ˫@ϣϵʥ؁ǻ۶ǿ?j)Hеw֪R(sh)͙C(j)Ƕǿ?j)Hİ֧Լȡ@һεĄ

(2)ڃ(ni)Ќ(du)R~ʲôB(ti)?

R~֎Č(du)ڌͬr(sh)֎oٝP(yng)Z⌑R~ĸc󣬽oxչʾcҏě]Ҋ^ߵĖ|ϵ܁ҺҲںllУR~ˈ(jin)(qing)һ(g)Č(du)ֺˉ(mng)Ė|

(3)w(hu)ʥ؁˵ă(ni)Ī(d)ףՄһՄ㌦(du)ӡ

(jin)(qing)㣬(zh)pԷŗ挦(du)\(yn)۲ϵӲhӢ

ǺıࡰӲhӝhŵ]ЏΣU(xin)ĬF(xin)(sh)С˅s¸ҵؽܬF(xin)(sh);{Լ־(chung)ˬF(xin)(sh)AǷdz̕KKĄںĹP£ǂ(g)ҪԽO޵

4W(xu)ʲô?(jin)ҪՄһՄ

.СY(ji)

cL(fng)mȻ(jin)sǧNٟľ˹ʥ؁粻\(yn)ܹª(d)įľߌ(du)\(yn)ԔC

.(x)

һЩ n

O(sh)Ӌ(j)

c

()~((qing))

(jin)(qing)(zh) c

Zġc̰10

һn(bio)Ҫ

n(j)ͨZn̘(bio)(zhn)(sh)(yn)n̘(bio)(zhn)ᵽZṉ횰l(f)]ă(yu)(sh)ʹW(xu)ܵ(yu)ĻѬգγɽõк͊^l(f)ϵB(ti)M(jn)ñ(ni)cW(xu)L(zhng)“(lin)ϵ(do)W(xu)J(rn)R(sh)(hu)J(rn)R(sh)ҡҎ(gu)(sh)F(xin)nڴM(jn)˵ȫl(f)չăr(ji)ֵ׷

W(xu)

ȣ߶W(xu)(du)ܱ^İ̌W(xu)ǰM׌W(xu)Լ(dng)һЩnY܌(du)ƷL(fng)һ`˽ΣmȻǹ(ji)xȻL(zhng)̌W(xu)бMܵСf}j(lu)c~^傀(g)غijMζW(xu)醚v^(jin)ԑ(yng)ԓ“(lin)ϵ(sh)H

SĿ(bio)

֪R(sh)˽⺣ԼČL(fng)

ᆖСf(ji)xֹc~Ďׂ(g)غϵ^(du)ʲô

W(xu)ش傀(g)غքec~c~c^~c~cȺ~

̎a(b)䣺һǹª(d)ˣһǏ(qing)ğo(sh)~һһǏ(qing)^l(hu)

ᆖc~^傀(g)غõЩY(ji)˵wrӣR~r

W(xu)ش

һ(g)غϣ~棨GKӣࣩ܂R~Ե40

ڶ(g)غϣӣg ւ(yn)~Եķ֮һ

(g)غϣӣgࣩ Ѫ낀(g)ӱҧ

Ă(g)غϣ̹ ʹÅ

傀(g)غϣ̹Gѣۣ OƣHʣ

У܉һеIJǏ(qing)һ˲ď(qing)ߡ㑪(yng)(dng)ȑ(zhn)ҡԽ䌍(sh)ңğȥʲôӵ߁Ҍʲôӵȥ׌҂ÿһ(g)˶иŬԘ^B(ti)ӭδ(zhn)

Zġc̰11

̌W(xu)Ŀġ

1иxnģct֮gĸ

2ڸc(dng)֮g擴ͬr(sh)W(xu)(x)ΰ@N挍(sh)wر_(d)M(jn)ZԷe

̌W(xu)c(din)

(x)^ٶxnץס茑B(ti)(dng)ZԺ茑t(dng)c(din)Zw(hu)N(yn)е飬y(c)ΰct֮gĸ錑w

W(xu)ǰ(zhn)䡿

1տP(gun)ڄ(dng)﷽ĿҕP(gun)עt

2ռP(gun)ڡtˡǑcYϡ

̌W(xu)(ni)ݡ

һnr(sh)

һW(xu)(x)߆Ԫ(do)x_W(xu)(x)Ҫ

((du)ÿһԪČ(do)xǺбҪ׌ͬW(xu)˽ģ(hu)_@һԪnĵ}ʲôҲ(hu)\(yn)W(xu)(x)M(jn)ЌW(xu)(x)@ͬW(xu)ČW(xu)(x)W(xu)(x)ĿĶ^_W(xu)(x))

(do)

һ(dng)ҲĐ@һԪ҂M(jn)(dng)Sȥc֮g擴С

xnģw֪nă(ni)

1ͬW(xu)ͨxȫģA(y)(x)ĻA(ch)߀Щ~]Ū?

2СM̎עѲҕռͬW(xu)W(xu)(x)rԱM(jn)ָ(do)

3wСM(ni)δQĆ}?gu)Q

4]nҪʲô?(do)ͬW(xu)nķɾֲ

һ(113Ȼ)ͨ^ιt􆾺tctHеfԒʾˌ(du)to˽Đۡ

Σ(1419Ȼ)tzǰwPCQеȱѮչʾ˺t(du)˵Ƿ𺳵

u(png)~W(xu)(x)ͨ^A(y)(x)СMώҪעⅢcͬW(xu)W(xu)(x)У˽W(xu)(x)rָ(do)Ҫʽ;˭h(hun)(ji)(do)ͬW(xu)µ}j(lu)M(jn)ƒ(ni)ݸľ(x)

ġxn|(zh)

1ͬW(xu)ñ^ٶxn]nЩط؄eЄ(dng)?ЩطɆИ(bio)ע

2СM

3wͬW(xu)Ɇ̎עռ

u(png)Ʉt˼ɴM(jn)ͬW(xu)(du)nă(ni)M(jn)̽˭h(hun)(ji)ע(do)ͬW(xu)Ѓr(ji)ֵĆ}

ġI(y)

ڶnr(sh)

һ(do)

@(ji)n׌҂M(jn)ctȥ܄(dng)c˵顣

x˼Y(ji)ϣW(xu)(x)113Ȼ

1Щطw(hu)ct֮g飬P(gun)ZM(jn)ע

2wץסҪM(jn)⣺

š˰ɶСķں߅ćrϣ_һtȺ􆾡̱һȺt(yng)•’ߵøɸɃڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)䣬ųһƬwİɫwһƪ•ɫĘV

(˵Ą(dng)ôct֮gôĬCץסߡ֣f߰tȺʳĘӌ(dng)tw龰c(dng)C̎Ą(dng)龰)

ơںtQ•֓P(yng)Dسʲô(c)(x) ԭHص׃{(dio).طԒ(d)_^t족ɳ

(ͨ^x҂Ը֪ˌ(du)tH(du)tĐۡ)

ǡѽ(jng)ˣһɫ^r(sh)¡˵茑ܸʲô?

(ڃˣso˽،(du)tĸ@Դˌ(du)tĐۡ)

3x113ȻΣxw(hu)͸ָ(do)xˌ(du)tĐ

u(png)עѳɞ߶ΌW(xu)(x)һNҪĿ]ʽ̌W(xu)Ҫ׌ͬW(xu)(dng)P(dng)Px

W(xu)(x)ڶֲ

1x1419Ȼ]zĵطl(f)ʲô벻?Y(ji)nă(ni)ݣͬW(xu)ӑՓʲô(hu)l(f)@ӵ?

W(xu)(x)R(bo)һ¡벻顱

(t˵zwPB•Q݆wzǰĿУtzǰվɃУC(dng)҂zr(sh)ըˠI(yng)Ƶē^)

ʲô(hu)l(f)@ӵ?

(?yn)麣tһӣҲиҺS˽ĸʧȥһλеy^)

2xnģڕĿհ׵طw(hu)͸ȻСM(ni)M(jn)нȫཻ

štȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿǰհzݵH

(ץհһ~w(hu)t(du)˵ľ𾴺Ͱˮ(dng)H)

ơ^һ(hu)tء

(ץC(dng)~w(hu)t(du)˵𾴡)

ǡtըˠI(yng)Ƶġ

(á䡱áw?(do)ͬW(xu)t•QƺfЩʲô?ġɫuw(hu)t(du)˵IJ(du)˵һƬ)

3ָ(do)ͬW(xu)(f)xw(hu)t(du)˵ĸ顣

u(png)˭h(hun)(ji)Ľ̌W(xu)w֪ͬW(xu)˼Sc(din)

W(xu)@ʲô?һɾԒһ

(ͬW(xu)ɾڕόȻw)

u(png)(du)nĵĿY(ji)һNͬW(xu)PķʽֹώfҲM(jn)ˌӖ(xn)

ġչ

ռP(gun)t˅ǑcY(du)Ԫ}J(rn)R(sh)o(h)(dng)(dng)؈(bo)ԐͬW(xu)Y(ji)(jng)(yn)ռYϣՄ?w)ĿcȻѺ̎h

Zġc̰12

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

J(rn)R(sh)nĵģ?jng)(g)_x~

иxnģbԼϲgĶ

Ʒζnĵă(yu)ZcBĝH顣

ߌW(xu)ČB(yng)Z

ڳxnĵĻA(ch)w(hu)n_(d)ĸĦΰctĸ錑挍(sh)w

̌W(xu)c(din)

(x)^ٶxnģץס茑B(ti)(dng)ZԼ茑t(dng)`c(din)Z䣬w(hu)N(yn)еĦΰct֮gĸ錑w

nǰ(zhn)

̎(zhn)䣺ýwn

W(xu)(zhn)䣺nǰA(y)(x)nѼtĈDƬY

nr(sh)ţ2nr(sh)

̌W(xu)

һl(f)ՄԒ(do)n

ҕ_(ti)Ђ(g)(ji)ĿС(dng)c硷^ffʲôܣʾnչʾc(dng)C̎DƬ

׌҂ͬW(xu)(x)ڣnn}Rxn}

xnw֪nă(ni)

W(xu)(x)@ƪn҂Ҫ^m(x)(x)^ٶȁx߅x߅nķ֎ײ֣ÿ֌ʲô

l֪@ԒF(xin)еʲôط

n

ѸVңʮһ죬ÿ؁(du)tH˘ӡ

@Ԓcеľһ(g)طһӣll(f)F(xin)

(du)tH˘cͺtH˘Ѕ^(q)e

nķ֎ײֆÿַքevʲôú(jin)εС(bio)}š

x˼Y(ji)ϣW(xu)(x)Ȼ

J(rn)xһxnĵصһ֣Щ龰ڌ˺ͺtHһһ߅xһ߅עȻ҂

(j)W(xu)شC(j)W(xu)(x)nģw(hu)c(din)Z

Zġc̰13

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

1._J(rn)xnе֡~

2.W(xu)(x)nĵһ֣ץסc(din)~w(hu)ˌ(du)to˽Đ

3.иxnġ

̌W(xu)yc(din)

ָ(do)W(xu)ZƷζZԣI(lng)ZԱصͨ^xf_(d)

̌W(xu)^̣

һ(do)nԒ}

҂һͬM(jn)M(jn)l(f)ʮǰһ(g)挍(sh)ƽsĵĹ£Rxn}ct

xn(do)|(zh)

(һ)R(sh)ı~

1.W(xu)ĬxnģҪx(zhn)xͨӡ

2.ʾ~M(f)Ʒζ

졡ըˠI(yng)

(yng)•wP

֓P(yng)D졡B•Q

䡡ɫu

3.x@ɽM~fһfXгF(xin)ӵĮ?@ɂ(g)Ă(g)㡰벻?

()R(sh)ı(do)|(zh)

1.g[nģ}

xn֮ʲô}놖?

(}A(y)O(sh)w{˾(du)tʲô?tʲô(hu)˲e(dng)?)

2.R(sh)tО.벻

xn⡰벻

ĬxːۺtľӲLԇע@ʮһÿ첽жʮֻ˽otͲt飬ͺtHһӡչ_Ʒ

(һ)A(y)O(sh)һ

ѽ(jng)һɫ^r(sh)һ(g)ɫ{(ln)BbBʳĴϴҲõɫ

1.ץסɫƷxһ(g)ڃۺt

2.⡰ʮˡһ(g)ª(d)ˌ(du)tI(xin)o˽Đ۵ġ벻

()A(y)O(sh)

˰ɶСĵطں߅ćϡwһƪ•ɫĘV

1.@ιtһ(g)(x)(ji)茑J(rn)Ă(g)~(dng)?Կʲô?

2.(chung)O(sh)龳x

3.⺣tȻϵĬˡ벻

()A(y)O(sh)

ںtQ•֓P(yng)Dسʲô(c)(x) ԭHǵ׃{(dio)ĵطԒ(d)_^t졯ɳ

1.龳x֪ˌ(du)tHǾHˡһ

2.ڳǧfֻtУ˾Ȼܜ(zhn)_ءJ(rn)ˡ벻

()A(y)O(sh)

txļ(x)ء㿴Сģ!KK

1.@Ԓxˌ(du)t(Մtr(sh)Ҹ(du)tĠ)

2.ָ(do)xÔM•~KK

Y(ji)

ʮĶǧ(g)ӣf·̰˾@ct顣r(sh)߿ձPtȺMo޵tҲ@λġHˡӿ(dng)ǧfZ

((j)W(xu)_Ԓ(ni))

1.W(xu)ɌԒ

2.

塢뾳䁉|

(dng)҂˴ˑѴףԸĕr(sh)˅sooh(yun)x_˴x_˺t()

1.x

2.R(sh)벻

h}ı

Y(ji)nĺҵYJ(rn)˵һ(yng)ԓǵһ

Zġc̰14

W(xu)(x)Ŀ(bio)

1˽⺣Ʒ

2˽ϝOɣ؁Ӳh󣬌W(xu)(x)(jin)(qing)־h(yun)ݲľ

3˹ìԸW(xu)(du)ԵJ(rn)֪

4W(xu)(x)еZɫ

W(xu)(x)c(din)

1˽ϝOɣ؁Ӳh

2˹ìԸ

W(xu)ָ(do)

1R(sh)ӛxA(ch)֪R(sh)

2bx

1(f)bxģ}j(lu)´

2ֽMӑՓ⡣Ϥƒ(ni)ݵĻA(ch)Ϸc(din)

֪R(sh)朽ӣ

B

20o(j)ϰҺӛߣҲǮ(dng)r(sh)㯵һĴһ^RˡœصĬF(xin)(sh)xy(tng)һڄ(chung)˼̈́(chung)M(jn)˸γ˪(d)صL(fng)1952l(f)ƪСfcڵĴwF(xin)Ą(chung)ɫ(dng)@ߪ(jing)s@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)

F(xin)ҡ1954@ZؐČW(xu)(jing)Сc̫՘𡷡e犞lQȡ

W(xu)(x)^̣

һoмc(din)עA(j)

)(

֨)ңM(jn)(

)~ȣk(

𤣨)ҺM(jn)(^

Φ)U(

ν֣A(j)

1¾

2߬סe

3ҿ

4}n

5Fμ׵

xnģw֪A(j)

ɣρλ\(yn)Bm(x)84]в~85(jng)^ҹIJKڲ@һlһǧٶĴR~w;~F(xin)ˡ

nĹ(ji)x֏@_ʼxn±

һεڶεεĴε

(sh)

(zhn)

Y(ji)

Y(ji)¹(ji)xҪ(ni)ݾǣw;Уc~¸Ҳ傀(g)غ(j)@傀(g)غϿԷ֞傀(g)֡

м(x)Z䣬F(xin)ʲôӑՓC(j)

1˞ʲôfһ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ġM԰ɾǴ򲻔

2@ЩЛ]һKµo~ɴɳĮбg'طһϡϵһж@ùp۾ˮһ{(ln)J(rn)ݔ?sh)ġ?/p>

3F(xin)ڲȥȱʲôĕr(sh)ԓһ{F(xin)еĖ|ʲô

Pµǰ۲ӲhԱеɣρͣՈ(qng)?jin)c~傀(g)غҳһЩ(x)(ji)C@NӲhB(j)

W(xu)(x)˼

лA(ch)֪R(sh)ɣρӲhZԁ

ߡI(y)

xnw(hu)c~ļ҈(chng)档

(x)xnw(hu)еZɫ

xn˽ɣρì

1µZɫ

1ֱˮ(dng)?sh)Ĕ?dng)rČ(du)Ԓ˾g~F(xin)r(sh)Ρ

磺~ijF(xin)żȻ(dng)һΰɫѪһӢĺȻɢ_ĕr(sh)͏ˮĵطfρεôʲôҲһ_{(ln)ɫˮ͸F(xin)̫ꖹ

2ª(d)

2ɣρìԸ

ϝO˵ıK\(yn)Ǻˇg(sh)ϵ۹ⷴ䡣(jng)^ɴ(zhn)(zhn)(zhng)˂߀δ(zhn)Đ(mng)сÜʧȷNN_˂(zhn)(hu)һƬyֵľ(zhn)(zhng)(hu)ķNNQF(xin)oľw϶˺Ą(chung)^һ@ҲϝOɣ၆nϵıF(xin)֮һ

Ǻh(hun)ƪepصɣ၆ه|(zh)磬ȫ?j)?ni)(zhn)صĴ~ṩչʾoȵšĈ(chng)W(xu)ǶȁvһζS|Č⮋

~ǐ(sh)

еġ룺܉ȥ̫ˡ@Ҫһ(chng)(mng)̫Ըқ]឵@l~(d)ڴϵĈ(bo)@ԒF(xin)ĺôôQģ

3cZ

1ÿһ춼һ(g)µ\(yn)(dng)ȻǺõ^Ըֺ@\(yn)ĕr(sh)(zhn)

2^Ԓf؁]һ׵ġ

3һ(g)˲Ҫo򔡵ģMԵɾǴ򲻔

4ꑵϿյƉK@r(sh)ɽ–ֻʣһL(zhng)lGɫľЩɫСɽˮ˿̳ʬF(xin){(ln)ɫĺ(jin)ֱl(f)ˡ

5F(xin)ڲȥȱʲôĕr(sh)ԓһ{F(xin)еĖ|ʲô

6˲ϣǺɵ

7@ЩЛ]һKµo~ɴɳĮбgĵطһϡϵһж@ùp۾ˮһ{(ln)J(rn)ݔ?sh)ġ?/p>

8@ɂ(g)ͦ˷dz~ˣsȻ܏(qing)ҲȻ܉ь(sh)Ү(dng)˯Xǰĕr(sh)yҲ@

9rϲ֪˶ٴa(b)ŪǏһ@Щa(b)ꖹʳS\ͬɫ

10^˲Ǟʧġ

Zġc̰15

̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)

иxnct֮gĸ

Ҫ(ni)ݣץסnеc(din)~ظܺt(du)⣬ĦΰѺtc֮gЌw

̌W(xu)ءyc(din)

(x)xnץס茑tĄ(dng)ОZ䣬w(hu)t(du)Ħߵΰ˵Ќw̌W(xu)^̣

һ(do)nԒ}

1҂SnһͬM(jn)Ĵ֮M(jn)l(f)ʮǰһ(g)挍(sh)ĵĹ£2Rxn}ct

W(xu)(x)n

1ɿٵxx(zhn)xͨ߅x߅nз֞ײ֣Ȼʲô@ײַքeʲôøС(bio)}ķ

2W(xu)R(bo)nķփɲֵһP(gun)ۺtڶǺẗ́e^ɣ@ɷ׌벻Įһ

Ʒxnĵڶܺt(du)˵

ゃ˲@ôL(zhng)һӾͰѽY(ji)(gu)ô@ƪһЄ(dng)أ

t(du)ͬĸҸЄ(dng)

ӢҊͬ҂һW(xu)(x)ڶ֡ȥˣ҂һιtƬŴ˴߅벻l(f)װl(f)ʲôأ

벻l(f)˩һȺtͻȻw˵zwPB•Q•˄(sh)cƽr(sh)һӣǰl(f)ʲônʾ@Ԓ

lԸxx@Ԓָxʲô벻

t˵zwPB•Q

xx@Ԓx@Ԓܵʲôʲô

𡣣t᲻ߌ(du)tОе@lԸفxһx@Ԓx@Щָxȫفxһx

ȥtͻȻw벻׌҂@Щ^@ͬr(sh)Ȼ˵һ߅麣t׌һƬյء

tʲô@e(dng)Ո(qng)Ĭxnģ茑tОľ

tȄ(dng)݆wzǰĿУǰհzݵHnʾ@Ԓ

҂һxx@ԒȫRx

x@Ԓ˾ʲôr(sh)򿴵^Ƶ龰Hȥr(sh)^

ǰ@ֻl(f)ѪP(gun)ϵH֮gsl(f)@Щ(dng)ϣy߰Ѵ˕r(sh)ĺtǰհzݵH

@(g)w(hu)ʲô

҂ԼĸفxһxȫRxtʲôe(dng)lҵ

^һ(hu)tzǰվ˃СC(dng)Ǟ`İʹnʾ@ԒՈ(qng)ɵxһx@Ԓľw(hu)ʲôw(hu)tҲһˣ?c)ڞ`

Щطw(hu)ˣ

վ˃СC(dng)

܏ľw(hu)ߵĸ᣿w(hu)Xߺ@

lԸ⎧Լĸ܁xx@Ԓָx

ώx

һȺtŮһӞվ˃C(dng)@ӵĈ(chng)棬l(hu)֮(dng)҂xI(lng)ҵƬյϣȥĿ׌˞֮(dng)ݵһĻԸxͬW(xu)҂һվxһxɣ(dng)˵'z҂r(sh)tӵe(dng)(dng)҂òȥzĕr(sh)tըˠI(yng)Ƶijz^•Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@Ƭw(dng)İɫuÓnʾ@Ԓ

xx@ԒffĸܣǏăw(hu)t᲻ˣ˵z^ȥ•QġɫuԿʲô

túܾo᲻F(xin)tc֮gĸ顣lԸxһxָxxָx

te(dng)ʹ҂׺oÓ¶ʹ߸ӸЄ(dng)҂߀Dzòzߣt߀(hu)ʲô˳@˸Є(dng)£߶ٌȥԴˡ룬t߀(hu)ЩʲôՈ(qng)һɂ(g)f

ġAչ

ͨ^ڶֵČW(xu)(x)ܵʲô

t(du)Đ

t(du)˵ͨ^wʲô׌҂ܵģ

ͨ^(dng)茑w

СY(ji)ǰ(dng)茑ɺt(du)ĸʹ¸Ӹˡ҂Ҳ\(yn)Ä(dng)ZԵȼ(x)(ji)茑SԸ磬ʹ҂¸O(sh)Ӌ(j)21ctP(gun)ۺtẗ́e

̌W(xu)˼

ctһx˽̰꼉(j)σ(c)߽Mĵһƪnġ@Mv˰l(f)c(dng)(dng)c(dng)֮gĸ˹£չʾ˄(dng)Sct@ӵһƪnġvһλЅǑcʮһH˰ιB(yng)߅ĺt(dng)ȥt԰l(f)`x_ԼH@(ji)nҵҪ̌W(xu)Ŀ׌W(xu)ͨ^ֵxw(hu)t(du)ġqH˰ĸڽ̌W(xu)^gϷdzĬ̌W(xu)(dng)ώ͌W(xu)M˼@(ji)nx߀Ƿdz

@nϣx(yng)ԓȫwW(xu)ָx̫ࡣ(yng)ԓһЩggČ(du)ԒM(jn)һָ(do)xw(hu)t(du)˵ĸ顣

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