The merchant of Venice
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1 )greedy, mercy, desire, trial, bless
2) be in love with, on condition, scold sb. for sth., have mercy on, read out, take. . . in one s arms, at the mercy of, play the role of, be seated, take pride in, do the deed
3)1 never knew so young a lady with so wise a head.
2．課文掌握程度
通過對本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，了解正義終究會戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，同時應(yīng)了解到友情、親情是取得成功的必要保障。
3．重點(diǎn)語法復(fù)習(xí)不定式的用法
教學(xué)建議
1．了解有關(guān)英語文學(xué)中戲劇這一文學(xué)體裁的基本要素，基本構(gòu)成，了解一下有關(guān)英語語言文學(xué)中一些具有重要意義的代表作家和代表作品。
2．了解一下有關(guān)英語戲劇的基本常識，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)本單元的過程中，認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會英語語言的魅力，體會英語文學(xué)在結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)上與中文戲劇文學(xué)的基本異同。
3. 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)本單元中所呈現(xiàn)的一些簡潔而富有感染力的表達(dá)。
教學(xué)教法：本單元是一個戲劇單元，全單元以莎士比亞的戲劇A merchant of Venice 為線索貫穿始終。所以對于教師而言，應(yīng)當(dāng)打破平時的教學(xué)模式，在學(xué)習(xí)方法上和教學(xué)方法上都應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)別于以前。在聽說方面則可以不必拘泥于從前的固有模式�？梢哉乙恍┯嘘P(guān)莎士比亞的A merchant of Venice 的影像帶在課堂上進(jìn)行放映，以給學(xué)生更為直觀的感覺。以加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對于這篇戲劇的理解程度。看完后，應(yīng)當(dāng)組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論。先是小組討論接著便是全班的小組間的交流。
動詞不定式的一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式以及被動形式
1.動詞不定式的一般式由to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成，表示的動作與謂語表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生。用法見本單元【知識擴(kuò)展】1．
2.動詞不定式的進(jìn)行式由 to be + 動詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成，表示謂語的動作發(fā)生時，不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行。主要用來構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語、復(fù)合賓語，在某些動詞后作賓語，間或作狀語、主語等。如：
Some people in the crowd seemed to be fighting．人群中有幾人似乎在打架。
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here．我們沒想到你在這兒等我們。
He pretended to be working hard．他假裝在努力工作。
I am glad to be working with you．我很高興和你在一起工作。
3.動詞不定式的完成式由 to have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，表示的動作在渭語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。常在句中構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，在某些動詞后作賓語，在某些形容詞后作狀語，間或作主語、定語等。如：
Bill is said never to have been to China．據(jù)說比爾從未去過中國。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting．對不起，讓你久等了。
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 我本想告訴你的，但我忘記了。
It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village．重訪家鄉(xiāng)是非常愉快的事。
4.動詞不定式的被動形式，如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是不定式表示的動作的承受者而非發(fā)出者，就要用動詞不定式的被動形式。一般式的被動式由to be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，完成式的被動式由to have been + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：
The man went into the room to be questioned．男人進(jìn)房間受到審間。
It is an honour for me to be asked to the speak here. 我很榮幸被邀在這里講話。
He was glad to have been invited to the party．他很高興被邀請參加聚會。
He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do．他寧愿分給自己更重的工作。
詞語辨析：
1．如何“擁有”own, have, hold, there be own著重合乎法律的擁有，強(qiáng)調(diào)所有權(quán)。如：
Mr. White owns three companies. 懷特先生擁有三家公司。
Who owns this house? 這棟房子屬誰所有？
Have可指各種情況的具有，擁有。如：
This jacket has two pockets. 這件上衣有兩個口袋。
She has blue eyes. 她有一雙藍(lán)眼睛。
hold強(qiáng)調(diào)對某物的保留和控制。如：
Jack holds an American passport. 杰克持有美國護(hù)照。
They hold some property in the countryside. 他們在鄉(xiāng)下有些財產(chǎn)。
there be表示“存在情況”的“有”。如：
There is a party on Saturday evenings. 每逢周六晚都要舉行一次晚會。
There used to be a shop at the end of the street. 過去街口有家商店。
2. most, almost, mostly 用法比較
這三個詞都可以作副詞，但意義和用法不同。
most用在形容詞或副詞前面，等于very，起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。表示“很、十分、非常”，most前面不可有定冠詞the。如：
This is a most useful book． 這是一本很有用的書。
It’s most dangerous to play with fire． 火是很危險的。
almost = very nearly。指在程度上相差很少，almost可與no，none，nothing，never，nobody等表示否定意義的詞連用。如：
I almost missed the flight． 我差一點(diǎn)誤了航班。
Almost no one believed what he said． 幾乎沒人相信他的話。
mostly＝mainly“大部分”“主要地”“通常地”。如：
The students in our class are mostly from the factory． 我們班的學(xué)生主要來自這家工廠。
His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries．
他的故事大多是關(guān)于他在國外旅游的經(jīng)歷。
3．wake，awake“醒來，喚醒”的用法比較
wake up比較口語化，=awake。但awake則正式一些。如：
Father usually wakes up early．父親通常醒得早。
I usually wake up/ awake at 6:20． 我通常在六點(diǎn)二十分醒來。
wake…up常用作wake sb．up“喚醒（某人）”＝awake。如：
Please wake him up. It’s six o clock now．已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)了，請叫醒他。
The baby is asleep. Don’t wake him up． 小孩正在睡覺，不要弄醒他。
awake還可作形容詞，在句中作表語，表示“醒著的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。如：
I wonder whether he is asleep or awake． 我不知道他是睡著了還是醒著。
He is lying awake in bed thinking of his job. 他醒著躺在床上，考慮他的工作。
4．beat, win, defeat 用法比較
beat vt．打敗，打垮。指戰(zhàn)勝或打垮與其比賽、戰(zhàn)斗或辯論的對手。
Our football team beat theirs yesterday． 昨天我們的足球隊贏了他們的。
I beat John at chess yesterday． 昨天我和約翰下棋，贏了他。
win vt．＆ vi．贏，戰(zhàn)勝。后面可以接比賽、辯論，戰(zhàn)斗、獎品、錢等。如：
Their school won the match. 他們學(xué)校贏了這場比賽。
I think Jack will win the race． 我認(rèn)為杰克在這場賽跑中會贏。
defeat vt．可表示“在比賽中擊敗”對手，也可指“在戰(zhàn)爭、競爭中擊敗”對手。如：
Class Two defeated/beat Class Three in the basketball match.二班在籃球賽中贏了三班。
He was defeated in the election. 他在選舉中被擊敗。
They defeated their enemy. 他們戰(zhàn)勝了敵人。
5.desire（vi, ）意為渴望；要求；期望。后面可接名詞（或代詞）、動詞不定式以及從句作賓語，也可接復(fù)合賓語。如：
Many people desire better working conditions and more education for their children．許多人期望良好的工作條件，讓孩子們受到更多教育。
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbours．我們一貫渴望和鄰國和平相處。
The Queen desires that you（should）come at once．女王希望你馬上來。
What do you desire me to do？你希望我做什么？
desire（n．）意為期望，希望；要求等。如：
I haven’t the slightest desire to talk to him．我一點(diǎn)也不愿和他交談。
He told us of his desire for success．他向我們講述對成功的期望。
At the desire of the Director, Mr Li will give a special lecture tomorrow.
按照校長的要求，史密斯先生明天將特別上一節(jié)課。
6.comfort（n.）素為安慰，慰藉；舒適，安逸。如：
Your kindness has given me much comfort．你的善行給我很大安慰。
As he got older，he became more and more fond of comfort．他年老時，越來越喜歡舒適。
comfort（vt．）意為安慰，使得到慰藉。如：
Her mother’s words of love and help comforted the sobbing child．媽媽充滿幫助心和愛心的話使哭泣的孩子得到安慰。
I had to comfort her，“It’s human to make mistakes．”我只得安慰她說：“人總是會犯錯誤的。
7.learned
解析： learned 是個形容詞，意思是“有才華的”，“ 博學(xué)的”，在用做過去式和過去分詞時，采用learnt。
例如: The teacher is a learned man.
老師是個有學(xué)問的人。
A learned professor is writing a book about it.
一個有學(xué)問的教授正在寫一本關(guān)于此問題的書。
He has learnt English for more than ten years,but he can’t speak English fluently.
他學(xué)英語十年多了，但是，還不能流利地講英語。
8.bitter
解析： bitter在本課是“厲害的”，“懷恨的”的意思，這個詞還作“苦味的”，“嚴(yán)酷的”，“強(qiáng)烈的”的意思。
例如: bitter pills 苦藥片；bitter memories辛酸的記憶；
bitter winter嚴(yán)寒的冬天； bitter argument激烈的爭論。
9.be seated
解析： seat是及物動詞,主語是地點(diǎn)或地方,人作賓語,因此人作主語時,常用 be seated結(jié)構(gòu); seat還可以作名詞用,意思是 “座位”;要分清seat與 sit, 后者是不及物動詞,人作主語,地點(diǎn)作狀語。
例如:Please be seated. 請坐。
He sat there, looking very calm. 他坐在那兒,看起來很平靜。
辨析 wish, want, long for和desire:
四詞都表示“愿望，希望”，但有差別。
wish有希望，祈愿，不滿于實(shí)際境遇而愿望相異狀態(tài)的意味。with后跟that引導(dǎo)從句要用虛擬語氣。
We wish the work complete, but it wasn’t. 我們希望完工，可是還沒完。
want是日常用語，常表示因缺乏而愿望。
I want these letters to be stamped and mailed at once. 我要把這些信件粘上郵票并立即付郵。
long for表示強(qiáng)烈希望，經(jīng)常是指難達(dá)到或者不存在的某種東西，帶有感情色彩。
It has rained for five weeks in succession, so we are longing for some sunshine.
已經(jīng)連續(xù)下了５個星期的雨，因此我們渴望看到太陽。
desire后跟that引導(dǎo)從句，用虛擬語氣，用desire后不直接接動名詞，接動名詞必須跟for連用。
The queen desires that you should come at once. 女王要你立刻前來。
He desires for reading. 他渴望讀書。
2．辨析 make a promise, consent 與permit；
三詞同表示“同意，允許”，但有細(xì)微的差別。
make a promise常常是積極、主動自己約定的。
He has made a promise to give a performance.他許諾作一次表演。
consent表示由他人請求而后同意的。
Anne’s father consented to her marrying a foreigner.安妮的父親允許她嫁給外國人。
permit表示允許他人干某事。如：Circumstances don’t permit me to help you. 情況不許可我?guī)椭恪?/p>
3．辨析comfort 與console:
兩詞都表示“安慰”，但有細(xì)微的差別。
comfort是普通用詞，指通過某辦法使某人獲得力量而減輕痛苦、憂傷。
I don’t know how to comfort her. 我不知道怎樣安慰她才好。
console是較正式用語，指人做些事使某人暫時忘記痛苦。
Our music consoled the widow. 我們的音樂使那寡婦得到安慰。
The music consoled the broken-hearted girl. 音樂安慰了這傷心欲絕的女孩。
4. 辨析at sea, in the sea, on the sea, by sea
at sea 意為“在海上”，“在航海中”，或“茫然不知所措”；in the sea意為“在海里”；on the sea意為“在海面上”；by sea意味“乘船”，“走海路”。如：
He was born at sea. 她是在海上出生的。
I was at sea when I began my new job.
當(dāng)我開始新工作時有點(diǎn)手足無措。
Dare you swim in the sea? 你敢在海里游泳嗎？
They had a good time when they sailed on the Mediterranean Sea.
他們在地中海上航行時過得很愜意。
We are planning to go to new York by sea.
我們準(zhǔn)備乘船去紐約。
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1 )greedy, mercy, desire, trial, bless
2) be in love with, on condition, scold sb. for sth., have mercy on, read out, take. . . in one s arms, at the mercy of, play the role of, be seated, take pride in, do the deed
3)1 never knew so young a lady with so wise a head.
2．課文掌握程度
通過對本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，了解正義終究會戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，同時應(yīng)了解到友情、親情是取得成功的必要保障。
3．重點(diǎn)語法復(fù)習(xí)不定式的用法
教學(xué)建議
1．了解有關(guān)英語文學(xué)中戲劇這一文學(xué)體裁的基本要素，基本構(gòu)成，了解一下有關(guān)英語語言文學(xué)中一些具有重要意義的代表作家和代表作品。
2．了解一下有關(guān)英語戲劇的基本常識，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)本單元的過程中，認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會英語語言的魅力，體會英語文學(xué)在結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)上與中文戲劇文學(xué)的基本異同。
3. 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)本單元中所呈現(xiàn)的一些簡潔而富有感染力的表達(dá)。
教學(xué)教法：本單元是一個戲劇單元，全單元以莎士比亞的戲劇A merchant of Venice 為線索貫穿始終。所以對于教師而言，應(yīng)當(dāng)打破平時的教學(xué)模式，在學(xué)習(xí)方法上和教學(xué)方法上都應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)別于以前。在聽說方面則可以不必拘泥于從前的固有模式�？梢哉乙恍┯嘘P(guān)莎士比亞的A merchant of Venice 的影像帶在課堂上進(jìn)行放映，以給學(xué)生更為直觀的感覺。以加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對于這篇戲劇的理解程度。看完后，應(yīng)當(dāng)組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論。先是小組討論接著便是全班的小組間的交流。
動詞不定式的一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式以及被動形式
1.動詞不定式的一般式由to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成，表示的動作與謂語表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生。用法見本單元【知識擴(kuò)展】1．
2.動詞不定式的進(jìn)行式由 to be + 動詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成，表示謂語的動作發(fā)生時，不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行。主要用來構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語、復(fù)合賓語，在某些動詞后作賓語，間或作狀語、主語等。如：
Some people in the crowd seemed to be fighting．人群中有幾人似乎在打架。
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here．我們沒想到你在這兒等我們。
He pretended to be working hard．他假裝在努力工作。
I am glad to be working with you．我很高興和你在一起工作。
3.動詞不定式的完成式由 to have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，表示的動作在渭語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。常在句中構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，在某些動詞后作賓語，在某些形容詞后作狀語，間或作主語、定語等。如：
Bill is said never to have been to China．據(jù)說比爾從未去過中國。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting．對不起，讓你久等了。
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 我本想告訴你的，但我忘記了。
It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village．重訪家鄉(xiāng)是非常愉快的事。
4.動詞不定式的被動形式，如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是不定式表示的動作的承受者而非發(fā)出者，就要用動詞不定式的被動形式。一般式的被動式由to be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成，完成式的被動式由to have been + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：
The man went into the room to be questioned．男人進(jìn)房間受到審間。
It is an honour for me to be asked to the speak here. 我很榮幸被邀在這里講話。
He was glad to have been invited to the party．他很高興被邀請參加聚會。
He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do．他寧愿分給自己更重的工作。
詞語辨析：
1．如何“擁有”own, have, hold, there be own著重合乎法律的擁有，強(qiáng)調(diào)所有權(quán)。如：
Mr. White owns three companies. 懷特先生擁有三家公司。
Who owns this house? 這棟房子屬誰所有？
Have可指各種情況的具有，擁有。如：
This jacket has two pockets. 這件上衣有兩個口袋。
She has blue eyes. 她有一雙藍(lán)眼睛。
hold強(qiáng)調(diào)對某物的保留和控制。如：
Jack holds an American passport. 杰克持有美國護(hù)照。
They hold some property in the countryside. 他們在鄉(xiāng)下有些財產(chǎn)。
there be表示“存在情況”的“有”。如：
There is a party on Saturday evenings. 每逢周六晚都要舉行一次晚會。
There used to be a shop at the end of the street. 過去街口有家商店。
2. most, almost, mostly 用法比較
這三個詞都可以作副詞，但意義和用法不同。
most用在形容詞或副詞前面，等于very，起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用。表示“很、十分、非�！�，most前面不可有定冠詞the。如：
This is a most useful book． 這是一本很有用的書。
It’s most dangerous to play with fire． 火是很危險的。
almost = very nearly。指在程度上相差很少，almost可與no，none，nothing，never，nobody等表示否定意義的詞連用。如：
I almost missed the flight． 我差一點(diǎn)誤了航班。
Almost no one believed what he said． 幾乎沒人相信他的話。
mostly＝mainly“大部分”“主要地”“通常地”。如：
The students in our class are mostly from the factory． 我們班的學(xué)生主要來自這家工廠。
His stories were mostly about his travels in foreign countries．
他的故事大多是關(guān)于他在國外旅游的經(jīng)歷。
3．wake，awake“醒來，喚醒”的用法比較
wake up比較口語化，=awake。但awake則正式一些。如：
Father usually wakes up early．父親通常醒得早。
I usually wake up/ awake at 6:20． 我通常在六點(diǎn)二十分醒來。
wake…up常用作wake sb．up“喚醒（某人）”＝awake。如：
Please wake him up. It’s six o clock now．已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)了，請叫醒他。
The baby is asleep. Don’t wake him up． 小孩正在睡覺，不要弄醒他。
awake還可作形容詞，在句中作表語，表示“醒著的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。如：
I wonder whether he is asleep or awake． 我不知道他是睡著了還是醒著。
He is lying awake in bed thinking of his job. 他醒著躺在床上，考慮他的工作。
4．beat, win, defeat 用法比較
beat vt．打敗，打垮。指戰(zhàn)勝或打垮與其比賽、戰(zhàn)斗或辯論的對手。
Our football team beat theirs yesterday． 昨天我們的足球隊贏了他們的。
I beat John at chess yesterday． 昨天我和約翰下棋，贏了他。
win vt．＆ vi．贏，戰(zhàn)勝。后面可以接比賽、辯論，戰(zhàn)斗、獎品、錢等。如：
Their school won the match. 他們學(xué)校贏了這場比賽。
I think Jack will win the race． 我認(rèn)為杰克在這場賽跑中會贏。
defeat vt．可表示“在比賽中擊敗”對手，也可指“在戰(zhàn)爭、競爭中擊敗”對手。如：
Class Two defeated/beat Class Three in the basketball match.二班在籃球賽中贏了三班。
He was defeated in the election. 他在選舉中被擊敗。
They defeated their enemy. 他們戰(zhàn)勝了敵人。
5.desire（vi, ）意為渴望；要求；期望。后面可接名詞（或代詞）、動詞不定式以及從句作賓語，也可接復(fù)合賓語。如：
Many people desire better working conditions and more education for their children．許多人期望良好的工作條件，讓孩子們受到更多教育。
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbours．我們一貫渴望和鄰國和平相處。
The Queen desires that you（should）come at once．女王希望你馬上來。
What do you desire me to do？你希望我做什么？
desire（n．）意為期望，希望；要求等。如：
I haven’t the slightest desire to talk to him．我一點(diǎn)也不愿和他交談。
He told us of his desire for success．他向我們講述對成功的期望。
At the desire of the Director, Mr Li will give a special lecture tomorrow.
按照校長的要求，史密斯先生明天將特別上一節(jié)課。
6.comfort（n.）素為安慰，慰藉；舒適，安逸。如：
Your kindness has given me much comfort．你的善行給我很大安慰。
As he got older，he became more and more fond of comfort．他年老時，越來越喜歡舒適。
comfort（vt．）意為安慰，使得到慰藉。如：
Her mother’s words of love and help comforted the sobbing child．媽媽充滿幫助心和愛心的話使哭泣的孩子得到安慰。
I had to comfort her，“It’s human to make mistakes．”我只得安慰她說：“人總是會犯錯誤的。
7.learned
解析： learned 是個形容詞，意思是“有才華的”，“ 博學(xué)的”，在用做過去式和過去分詞時，采用learnt。
例如: The teacher is a learned man.
老師是個有學(xué)問的人。
A learned professor is writing a book about it.
一個有學(xué)問的教授正在寫一本關(guān)于此問題的書。
He has learnt English for more than ten years,but he can’t speak English fluently.
他學(xué)英語十年多了，但是，還不能流利地講英語。
8.bitter
解析： bitter在本課是“厲害的”，“懷恨的”的意思，這個詞還作“苦味的”，“嚴(yán)酷的”，“強(qiáng)烈的”的意思。
例如: bitter pills 苦藥片；bitter memories辛酸的記憶；
bitter winter嚴(yán)寒的冬天； bitter argument激烈的爭論。
9.be seated
解析： seat是及物動詞,主語是地點(diǎn)或地方,人作賓語,因此人作主語時,常用 be seated結(jié)構(gòu); seat還可以作名詞用,意思是 “座位”;要分清seat與 sit, 后者是不及物動詞,人作主語,地點(diǎn)作狀語。
例如:Please be seated. 請坐。
He sat there, looking very calm. 他坐在那兒,看起來很平靜。
辨析 wish, want, long for和desire:
四詞都表示“愿望，希望”，但有差別。
wish有希望，祈愿，不滿于實(shí)際境遇而愿望相異狀態(tài)的意味。with后跟that引導(dǎo)從句要用虛擬語氣。
We wish the work complete, but it wasn’t. 我們希望完工，可是還沒完。
want是日常用語，常表示因缺乏而愿望。
I want these letters to be stamped and mailed at once. 我要把這些信件粘上郵票并立即付郵。
long for表示強(qiáng)烈希望，經(jīng)常是指難達(dá)到或者不存在的某種東西，帶有感情色彩。
It has rained for five weeks in succession, so we are longing for some sunshine.
已經(jīng)連續(xù)下了５個星期的雨，因此我們渴望看到太陽。
desire后跟that引導(dǎo)從句，用虛擬語氣，用desire后不直接接動名詞，接動名詞必須跟for連用。
The queen desires that you should come at once. 女王要你立刻前來。
He desires for reading. 他渴望讀書。
2．辨析 make a promise, consent 與permit；
三詞同表示“同意，允許”，但有細(xì)微的差別。
make a promise常常是積極、主動自己約定的。
He has made a promise to give a performance.他許諾作一次表演。
consent表示由他人請求而后同意的。
Anne’s father consented to her marrying a foreigner.安妮的父親允許她嫁給外國人。
permit表示允許他人干某事。如：Circumstances don’t permit me to help you. 情況不許可我?guī)椭恪?/p>
3．辨析comfort 與console:
兩詞都表示“安慰”，但有細(xì)微的差別。
comfort是普通用詞，指通過某辦法使某人獲得力量而減輕痛苦、憂傷。
I don’t know how to comfort her. 我不知道怎樣安慰她才好。
console是較正式用語，指人做些事使某人暫時忘記痛苦。
Our music consoled the widow. 我們的音樂使那寡婦得到安慰。
The music consoled the broken-hearted girl. 音樂安慰了這傷心欲絕的女孩。
4. 辨析at sea, in the sea, on the sea, by sea
at sea 意為“在海上”，“在航海中”，或“茫然不知所措”；in the sea意為“在海里”；on the sea意為“在海面上”；by sea意味“乘船”，“走海路”。如：
He was born at sea. 她是在海上出生的。
I was at sea when I began my new job.
當(dāng)我開始新工作時有點(diǎn)手足無措。
Dare you swim in the sea? 你敢在海里游泳嗎？
They had a good time when they sailed on the Mediterranean Sea.
他們在地中海上航行時過得很愜意。
We are planning to go to new York by sea.
我們準(zhǔn)備乘船去紐約。
Lesson42—43教學(xué)設(shè)計方案
-------The Merchant of Venice
Teaching Procedures:
Step I. Oragainzing
Greetings and make a duty report.
Step II. Introduction:
Find out how much the students know about the writer William Shakespeare and ask some questions like this:
What do you know about Shakespeare? What is his nationality?
When was he born and when did he die?
Do you know the titles of any of his plays? Suggested answers:
1 The King Henry VI 亨利六世
2 The Comedy of Errors 錯中錯
3 The Taming of the Shrew 馴悍婦
4 Romeo and Juliet 羅密歐與朱麗葉
5 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之夢
6 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人
7 As You Like It 如愿
8 Twelfth Night(What You Will) 第十二夜
9 Hamlet 哈姆萊特 10 All’s Well ends Well 皆大歡喜
11 Measure for measure 惡有惡報 12 Othello 奧塞羅
13 King Lear 李爾王 14 Macbeth 麥克白
15 The Winter’s Tale 冬天的故事 16 The Tempest 暴風(fēng)雨
Write the key words and phrases raised by the Ss during the discussion on the Bb.
Step III. Presentation
Ask questions about the picture, and get the students to tell you what they think is happening.
Step IV. Reading comprehension.
Ask students to read the introduction silently and find out the answers to followimg questions.
1.The text mainly talks about_______________.
A.Antonio’s charities(善行)and Shylock’s cruelty
B.Portia’s cleverness and Antonio’s charities
C.Shylock’s cruelty and Portia’s cleverness
D.The three colorful characters of Antonio, Portia and Shylock
2.Antonio did business with _______________.
A. people in Venice B. people in Italy
C. People in other countries D. people in the world
3.Antonio was a(n) ________________ person.
A. warm-hearted B. strong-willed
C. open-minded D. hot-tempered
4.What kind of person was Shylock? He was ___________.
A. greedy and hypocritical B. hypocritical(虛偽) and cruel
C. cruel and lazy D. greedy and cruel
5.What did the Duke mean by saying “Don’t be so bitter”?
He wanted Shylock to be _________________.
A. warm-hearted B. calm
C. kind-hearted D. reasonable
6.In writing style, this text is a _____________.
A. drama B. story C. fable D. fairy tale
7.The word “scold” in the text means to ______________.
A. fool with B. laugh at C. criticize D. quarrel with
8.It seems that the Duke at the court supported ___________.
A. Portia B. Antonio C. Shylock D. none of them
9.That Portia was able to defend Antonio was due to _________.
A. her cleverness B. her husband’s support
C. her husband’s help
D. her cleverness and her husband’s support
10.Which happened last in Part 2?
A.Shylock insisted on having one pound of Antonio’s flesh.
B.Portia declared that the law allowed Shylock to take Antonio’s flesh.
C.Antonio said his last words to Bassanio.
D.Portia warned Bassanio of the impossibility of changing the law.
Allow the students enough time to read the play and find the answers. Get them to check their answers in pairs, then check the answers with the class.
Answers:1C .2. C 3. A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B
StepV.language points:
mercy,bitter
Have mercy on Antonio,Shylock.Do not be so bitter.(Line1 of page62)
One half of his money and his goods shall be given to the city of Venice and the othe r half shall be given to the peson he hs tried to kill.His life shall be at he mercy of the Duke.Therefore, go down on you knees and beg the duke for mercy.(page64)
bitter在本課是“厲害的”，“懷恨的”的意思，這個詞還作“苦味的”，“嚴(yán)酷的”，“強(qiáng)烈的”等等講。
例如: bitter pills 苦藥片； bitter memories辛酸的記憶； bitter winter嚴(yán)寒的冬天；
bitter argument激烈的爭論。
2.desire:page 62,Line11
Let us be calm,gentlemen. Shylck, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
I havedone nothing wrong and I fear no judg3ment. I desire my pound of flesh.
desire可以用作名詞,也可以當(dāng)及物動詞用, 作及物動詞時,它后面可以接名詞、不定式、從句等等。例如: Of course, they all desire happiness and health. 當(dāng)然他們都渴望幸福與健康。
We desire to see the result. 我們希望看到結(jié)果。
I desire that you should come on time. 我希望你準(zhǔn)時到。
3.seat: page62, part2,Line 1
D:Greetings, learned judge! I do not envy you your job. This is a most troublesome case.
P:Greetings! Please be seated. Are you Antonio, and is this your agreenent with Shylock?
be seated
[說明] seat是及物動詞,主語是地點(diǎn)或地方,人作賓語,因此人作主語時,常用 be seated結(jié)構(gòu); seat還可以作名詞用,意思是 “座位”;要分清seat與 sit, 后者是不及物動詞,人作主語,地點(diǎn)作狀語。
例如:Please be seated. 請坐。
He sat there, looking very calm. 他坐在那兒,看起來很平靜。
4.upon: page62,page64
P:Mercy brings good. Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the shy upon the earth.It blesses those who give it,and those who receive it.We should learn toshow mercy to others.Do you still sdk for this pound of flesh?
5.comfort:Page64
take my life too! My money andgoods are as dear to me as life itself.They are my only comfort.When you take those away from me, you also take my life.
comfort可以用作名詞,也可以當(dāng)及物動詞用,意思是“安慰”,后面接某人。
例如: The sudden thought greatly comforted her. 這個突然的想法,極大地安慰了她。
She lives there in comfort. 她舒適地生活在那里。
［練習(xí)題］
1.They were so excited that they had ____ to sleep.
A. much desire B. little desire
C. many thoughts D. few moments
2. As he opened the door, he saw ____ young a boy ____ in a wheelchair some 20 feet away.
A. so, seat B. so, seated
C. such, sitting D. such, sat
3.The teacher ____ him and made a promise to help him.
A. desired B. greeted C. punished D. comforted
4.They talked about the leading role the headmaster ____ in the event.
A. finished B. did C. played D. prepared
5.The two brothers quarreled whenever they met as if they were ____ enemies.
A. bitter B. merciful C. greedy D. troublesome
參考答案：1. B (根據(jù)句意so excited ,他們是不想睡覺, 肯定形式是不對的, few moments 表示時間多少,與他們的心情無關(guān),也不對。) 2. B (第一個空緊接一個形容詞，只能用so，第2個空是修飾名詞boy的，只能用seated形式。) 3. D （根據(jù)句意只能選 “安慰”。） 4.C （名詞role在前面,后面出現(xiàn)的是定語從句,修飾此名詞，played與它搭配構(gòu)成詞組，是“起主要作用”的意思。） 5.A (根據(jù)句子意思,應(yīng)該選bitter, bitter enemy是 “死敵” 的意思。)
2.句法:讀句子，做練習(xí)：（不作任何講解，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語感完成習(xí)題，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對英語的悟性。）
(1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 試圖跟夏洛克講理是沒有用的。
(2)If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.
即使你愿意給我六倍于你剛才提出的錢數(shù)，我仍然要拿我應(yīng)得的那一磅肉。
(3)He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.
他很年輕，但我從來不知道有這么年輕又這么聰明的人。
［練習(xí)題］
1.The youngster was ____ excited that he began to come out of the wheelchair, but it was useless his trying to do that.
A. very B. such C. so D. quite
2.He was ____ that nobody regarded him as a guide.
A. so a young boy B. so young a boy
C. such young a boy D. such a boy young
3.He has ____ big a head to be supported by his slender neck.
A. too B. how C. so D. enough
4.I can give twice ____ you want.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
5.They were allowed to go skating ____ they were careful.
A. unless B. though C. even if D. on condition that
6.The money spent on food is twice the amount ____ you can offer.
A. that B. what C. when D. much
參考答案：1.C (這是so… that句型。) 2.B 3.A (這是too…to結(jié)構(gòu)，盡管how與so符合接名詞的詞型，但它們不能與不定式連用；enough可以與不定式連用，但卻不符合題中的名詞型。) 4.C （twice后面接一個名詞，名詞后面又出現(xiàn)定語，此時只能用what來代替名詞和從句的關(guān)系詞, twice what = twice the thing that。) 5.D 6.A
Homework
1.分組準(zhǔn)備戲劇演出（要求背臺詞，排練動作）
2．一篇完型填空。
完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）?
閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～55各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。?
While I was standing at the kitchen window, five－year－old Spencer, my oldest son, ran into the house 16 ,“We need a doctor out here! We need a doctor! Hurry, Mom!” “What's wrong?” I asked. Spencer anxiously told me he had found a dead bird that needed a doctor.?
Dutifully（順從地）, I seized a small plastic bag from the cupboard and took Spencer's hand 17 , that's the sort of thing mothers do! While my son led me out of the door and 18 the bird, I explained that if the creature was indeed dead, a doctor could not 19 . When we arrived at the 20 scene, it was obvious that the baby bird was dead. Spencer and I could see the nest（鳥巢） high up in the tree. My son and I 21 the probable age of the baby bird, its inability to fly well, and exactly how the 22 had caused its death. “I think his mommy and daddy really 23 him,” Spencer observed. I 24 my boy's hand and tried to ease his 25 by saying I was sure they did, 26 they would be okay because the little bird had gone to Heaven to be with God and PoPo（my deceased(去世了的) grandfather）. I assured（使確信）Spencer that the bird's mommy and daddy knew that their little one would be 27 and loved. I told Spencer that PoPo loved little birds, and I 28 he was in Heaven holding and playing with the baby bird 29 . I picked up the little creature's body, slipped（悄悄放到）it into my plastic bag and 30 placed the bird in the rubbish bin. 31 was said about the matter for the rest of the day. Spencer went right back to playing 32 he had never been interrupted, and I returned to my work in the kitchen.?
At breakfast the next morning, Spencer sadly explained to his father that he had found a baby bird the day before that had fallen from its nest.?
“It was dead, Daddy!” Trying to 33 Spencer's spirits and remind him that the little bird was really 34 , I asked our son to tell Daddy 35 the baby bird was. Spencer, looking solemn, faced at his dad, stated, “In the rubbish bin with Mama's granddad, PoPo.”
16. A. saying B. screaming C. declaring D.telling
17. A. in fact B. at least C. of course D.after all
18. A. ahead B. toward C. found D. looked
19. A. come B. save C. help D. support
20. A. accident B. kitchen C. familiar D. angry
21. A. wondered B. discussed C. studied D. looked
22. A. fall B. tree C. mother bird D. other bird
23. A. hate B. lose C. miss D. love
24. A. picked up B. turned to C. got to D. reached for
25. A. excitement B. regret C. sadness D. disappointment
26. A. but that B. and that C. soon D. then
27. A. enjoyed B. played C. treated D. cared for
28. A. doubted B. found C. was sure D. was afraid
29. A. right now B. right then C. from now on D. now and then
30. A. gently B. loudly C. strongly D. firmly
31. A. Nothing else B. Nobody else C. Everything D. Something
32. A. as usual B. as if C. even though D. though
33. A. break B. rise C. show D. lift
34. A. wounded B. injured C. okay D. alive
35. A. where B. what C. how D. when
參考答案：
16～20 BDBCA 21～25 BACDC ?26～30 ADCBA 31～35 ABDCA
聽力完型教案
StepI:Listening
Listening Cassette Unit II. Do each exercise in turn. Play the tape, then let Ss discuss their answers in pairs. Play the tape again if necessary, then check the answers with the whole class.
Listening Text(教學(xué)建議：學(xué)生可以聽過兩遍錄音后完成填空。)
Going to the theatre
Two friends are discussing which play to go and see.
A: Would you like to go to the theater next week when you’re in Seattle (西雅圖)?
B: Yes, I’d like to do that. Do you know what’s on?
A: Let me have a look ... theaters ... mmm ... let me see. There’s a new production of Romeo and Juliet. That’s on at the Riverside Theater.
B: It’s very long. I’m not sure that I feel like sitting through four hours of Shakespeare. What else is there?
A: There’s Barefoot in the Park. That’s on at the Lincoln Theater.
B: That’s by Neil Simon, isn’t it?
A: That’s right. I saw it last month. It’s very good and very funny.
B: But you wouldn’t want to see it again, would you?
A: No, not particularly.
B: Is there anything else?
A: There’s a new play called The Head of the Snake.
B: What’s that about?
A: I can’t remember. But it’s had good reviews. And Sally Bench is in it.
B: She’s good.
A: I see it’s only on for two more weeks. Shall I see if I can get tickets for it?
B: Yes, do. I’d like to see that.
A: I’ll call up the theater now. It’s on at the Arts Theater, so that’s easy to get to.
StepII．完形填空
I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and at the same time feeling lonely . Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcases 3 down the stairs. “Damn!” he screamed, his face turning red. I knew trouble was ahead. Whenever Dad s face turns red, 4 !
How could I ever 5 him to finish unloading the car 6 screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, girls I would have to spend the 7 of the year with? Doors were opening and faces peering out (探出) , as dad walked 8 close behind. I felt it in my bones that my college life was getting off to a bad start.
“ 9 the room quickly,” I thought. “Get him into a chair and calmed down.” But 10 , would there be a chair in Room 316? Or would it be a empty room?
11 I turned the key in the lock and 12 the door open, with Dad 13 complaining (抱怨) about a hurting knee or something. I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my 14 , the room wasn’t empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the walls.
And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate, dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Gori.” Then, she 15 the music and looked over at 16 . “And of course, you re Mr. Faber,” she said, 17 . “Would you like a glass of iced tea ?” Dad’s face turned decidedly 18 before he could bring out a “yes”.
I knew 19 that Amy and I would be 20 and my first year of college would be a success.
1. A. helpless B. lazy C . anxious D. tired
[解析]四個選項均為形容詞，都可填在句中作表語，但上文給出的信息表明，應(yīng)填tired.
答案：D
2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked
[解析]空白后的并列謂語fell已暗示出，父親上樓時失足了，動詞短語miss a step是“失足”“踩滑”的意思。 答案：C
3. A. rolling B . passing C. dropping D. turning
[解析] 父親跌倒后必然失手使箱子滾下樓梯。send sth．doing表示“使得……行動起來”，是send后跟復(fù)合賓語的句型，其后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。
答案：A
4. A. go ahead B. look out C . hold on D. give up
[解析] 根據(jù)上文I knew trouble was ahead 的語境可以推斷出。此空應(yīng)填look out, 這句是說：“每當(dāng)父親臉紅的時候，要小心”以免出現(xiàn)其他的麻煩。答案：B
5.A. lead B. help C . encourage D. get
[解析] get是使役動詞，get sb. to do sth. 表示“使某人做某事”。 答案：D
6. A. after B. without C . while D. besides
[解析]下文敘述了父親上樓失足后因畏懼發(fā)出了尖叫聲，“Damm!”he screamed。 再根據(jù)空白前疑問的語境可以判斷出，作者不希望父親卸車時發(fā)出尖叫和吵鬧。
7. A. best B . beginning C. end D. rest
[解析] 上文敘述了作者的父親送其女兒上大學(xué)，作者在學(xué)校里自然要和其他的女同學(xué)一起度過一年中其余的時間，故此空應(yīng)填名詞rest，意為“其余”。答案：D
8 . A. with difficulty B . in a hurry C . with firm steps D. in wonder
[解析] 四個選項的介詞短語所表達(dá)的意思不同：with difficulty困難地；in a hurry匆忙；with firm steps 邁著堅定的步伐；in wonder驚奇地。讀了上文就能判斷出正確答案了。
答案：A
9. A. Search B. Find C. Enter D. Book
[解析] 作者的想法“Get him into a chair and calmed down．”表明，作者想盡快找到自己居住的房間，以便讓父親坐在椅子上安靜下來。Find意為“找到”。 答案：B
10 .A. in fact B. by chance C. once more D. then again
[解析] 從空白前But所表示的轉(zhuǎn)折意義判斷，作者對自己要住的房間究竟有什么設(shè)備，里邊是否有椅子或根本就是一個空房間，心里全然沒數(shù)，故此空應(yīng)填then again，意為“另外”“再者”，表現(xiàn)了作者思考問題的全面性。 答案：D
11. A. Sooner or later B. Meanwhile C. Finally D. At the moment
[解析]經(jīng)歷了一系列的事情之后，作者終于找到了自己的房間，開鎖推門進(jìn)去。故此空應(yīng)填Finally，意思是“終于”“最后”，用來表順序，引出最后一項內(nèi)容。 答案：C
12. A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried
[解析]根據(jù)上一句，先用鑰匙開鎖，然后把門推開，故此空應(yīng)填pushed，在句中作并列的謂語。pushed the door open是push帶復(fù)合賓語的句型，其中open是形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示狀態(tài)。 答案：C
13. A. yet B. only C. even D. still
[解析]“with + 復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語表示伴隨動作，其中complaining是現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示一個持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作。故此空應(yīng)填副詞still，作“仍然”“還”解。
答案：D
14. A. regret B. disappointment C. surprise D. knowledge
[解析]此空應(yīng)填surprise. “to one’s + 感情名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：“使人……的是”，在句中作狀語表示結(jié)果，而句中的主謂部分則是產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的原因。 答案：C
15. A. turned on B. turned down C. played D. enjoyed
[解析]根據(jù)空白后并列的謂語looked over at Dad可作出正確判斷。 答案：B
16. A. Dad B. me C. played D. enjoyed
[解析]根據(jù)文中Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Gori.” 可以判斷出作者名叫Gori。然后再根據(jù)Amy說的話“And of course, you’re Mr. Faber.”可以推測出Amy說話時在打量作者的父親。
17. A. questioning B. wondering C. smiling D. guessing
�。劢馕觯莞鶕�(jù)上下文的語境，Amy對同室的同學(xué)的父親談話時應(yīng)是面帶笑容，smiling是現(xiàn)在分詞表示伴隨動作。 答案：C
18. A. red B. less pale C. less red D .pale
[解析] 此時作者父親的心情已經(jīng)輕松多了。再根據(jù)Amy向作者父親問候的話語可以判斷出此空應(yīng)慎less red，表示父親不快的心情正在逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)。 答案：C
19. A. soon B. there C. later D. then
[解析] 作者進(jìn)入所住的房間后，遇到了同室居住的新同學(xué)Amy，初次見面留下了美好的印象。此時作者意識到Amy and I would be friends，故此空應(yīng)填then，意為“當(dāng)時”。
20. A. sisters B. friends C. students D. fellows
[解析]由下文Amy對作者父女的友好態(tài)度，可以確定，此空應(yīng)填friends，作者和Amy將成為同室居住的大學(xué)生活的朋友。答案：B
探究活動
1．該單元的讀寫教學(xué)也應(yīng)當(dāng)有所創(chuàng)新。教師可以在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀完該單元的課文之后，要求學(xué)生寫出一份讀后感�；蛘咭髮W(xué)生選取戲劇中的一個人物進(jìn)行評價。在閱讀的形式上，也要求有所變化。教師在教學(xué)這個單元時，應(yīng)當(dāng)打破課與課之間的界限。要求學(xué)生做語篇閱讀，要把整個戲劇當(dāng)作一個整體，而不要割裂戲劇的整體效果，以免破壞名著的藝術(shù)效果。教師首先可以要求學(xué)生進(jìn)行整篇的閱讀，以大致了解文章的情節(jié)，接下來，再做精讀。細(xì)致地分析劇中所涉及的人物性格和故事的情節(jié)發(fā)展線索。
2．在本單元的教學(xué)過程中，如時間允許，應(yīng)當(dāng)安排學(xué)生的自學(xué)時間，討論時間，和表演時間。
3．安排一次全班的集體觀看莎士比亞戲劇。在觀看結(jié)束之后，應(yīng)當(dāng)在學(xué)生之間開展一定范圍的討論。
4．安排時間讓學(xué)生利用課余時間進(jìn)行課本劇的排練，最好和其他同年級的英語教師合作，進(jìn)行一次年級匯演，以收到更好的教學(xué)效果。
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