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No smoking, please!教學(xué)目標(biāo)
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
I. 單詞和詞組
permission, nation,reduce, fetch, compare, therefore, remain, dislik, share, persuade, hardly, go ahead, burn down, compared to, give up, call for, be used to, get into the habit of
II. 日常交際用語(yǔ)
1.請(qǐng)求
May / Could / Can I do that?
I wonder if I can do that.
Would / Do you mind if I come earlier?
Will you tell me if can go now?
2．允許
Yes, please. / Of course. / Sure. / Certainly.
Go ahead, please.
That’s all right. / OK.
It’s all right to me.
3．拒絕
I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed here.
You’d better not.
I’m afraid not. It’s not right.
III.語(yǔ)法
復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法。
教學(xué)建議
教材分析
The main dialogue of this unit is to practise the students how to ask for permission, refuse and give permission ability. Though learning the way of expressing are able to remind the students speaking in daily life. This dialogue is the main idea to learn to use these phrase for permission. Though two men’s talking. Meanwhile this lesson offer some practice to help the students to understand and learn about the content of the dialogue. In order to master these phases, this lesson has short dialogue to give the students to speak each other.
重點(diǎn)詞匯講解
1．catch fire與be on fire
1）catch fire：begin to burn著火；燒著。catch fire有動(dòng)態(tài)含義，揩“開(kāi)始燃燒”。
例如：
Paper catches fire easily．紙容易著火。
The bed clothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down．鋪蓋著火了，整個(gè)房子都可能燒掉。
2）be on fire：be burning著火；失火。 be on fire有靜態(tài)含義，指“燃燒的狀態(tài)”。
例如：
The house was on fire．房子著火了。
She woke up at midnight and found the kitchen on fire．她半夜醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)廚房失火了。
2．die of與die from
1）die of可用來(lái)表示“死亡的原因”，經(jīng)常用于害病、饑渴、年老、疾勞等致死的場(chǎng)合。
例如：
die of an illness/a disease; die of hunger; die of thirst; die of a fever; die of old age等等。
2）die from常用于過(guò)度飲食eating too much；飲酒過(guò)度drinking too much；工作過(guò)度overwork等。
但是有語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這種區(qū)別實(shí)際上并不存在。他們認(rèn)為，在表示死因（the cause of death）時(shí)，既可以用die of，也可以用die of，但是以die of為多見(jiàn)。
例如：
He died of cancer．他死于癌癥。He died from cancer．他死于癌癥。
3．Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes.煙草公司每年都要?jiǎng)裾f(shuō)一些不吸煙的人開(kāi)始吸煙。
persuade sb. to do sth．意為“勸說(shuō)某人做某事”。
I persuaded her to accept the invitation to Wu Dong's birthday party.我勸說(shuō)她接受參加吳東生日晚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。
注意：如果勸說(shuō)不一定成功，可用詞組try to persuade sb, to do sth.。
I tried to persuade her to go with me, but I failed.我勸她跟我一起去，但我沒(méi)成功。
另外，勸說(shuō)某人不要做某事可用詞組persuade sb. not to do sth. 或 persuade sb. against doing sth.
We persuaded Lin Tao not to smoke. = We persuaded Lin Tao against smoking.我們說(shuō)服了林濤別吸煙。
4. But in the same year, cigarette smoking cost the government even more money, about 28 billion yuan.但在同一年里，因吸煙而使政府付出了更多的錢(qián)，約280億元。
cost在這個(gè)句子中意為“使花費(fèi)”，請(qǐng)注意由它構(gòu)成的兩個(gè)常用詞組
a）（sth．）cost sb．+錢(qián) （某物）花費(fèi)某人多少錢(qián)
b）（sth，）cost sb．+其他 使某人失去……
That bike cost me 350 yuan.我花了350元買(mǎi)了那輛自行車(chē)。
His careless driving cost him a leg.他的粗心駕駛使他失去了一條腿。
以前學(xué)過(guò)的與“花費(fèi)”有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
a) sb. spend + 時(shí)間/錢(qián)+on + 名詞 某人花……做……
b) sb. spend + 時(shí)間/錢(qián)+ (in) doing sth. 某人花……做……
c)sb. pay + 錢(qián)+ for sth. 某人花錢(qián)買(mǎi)……
d) It take sb. + 時(shí)間/錢(qián) + to do sth. 某人花時(shí)間/錢(qián)做
他每月花50元錢(qián)買(mǎi)書(shū)可譯為：
He spends 50 yuan on books every month.
He spends 50 yuan (in) buying books every month.
He pays 50 yuan for books every month.
It takes him 50 yuan to buy books every month.
小明每天花兩小時(shí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)可譯為：
Xiao Ming spends 2 hours on English every day.
Xiao Ming spends 2 hours (in) learning English every day.
It takes Xiao Ming 2 hours to learn English every day.
5.Do yon mind if I smoke ? 你介意我抽煙嗎？
1）Do/Would you mind if ...? 常用來(lái)表示“請(qǐng)求、許可”的意思。句中的mind作“介意”、“反對(duì)”解。注意：如果用Would you mind if . . . ?從句中就要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
Do you mind if I close the window? 關(guān)上窗戶(hù)你介意嗎？
Would you mind if I closed the window? 關(guān)上窗戶(hù)你介意嗎？
2）在回答這樣的句子時(shí)要特別注意：若在答語(yǔ)里表示“愿意（不反對(duì)）”，應(yīng)說(shuō)“Certainly not”或“Of course not”。若表示“不愿意（反對(duì)）”，應(yīng)說(shuō)“I'm sorry, but...”，習(xí)慣上不用yes來(lái)直接回答。
3）在 Do／Would you mind之后還可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式，在動(dòng)詞-ing之前還可以有人稱(chēng)代詞賓格或物主代詞，用來(lái)請(qǐng)求允許，或請(qǐng)求別人作某事。如：
Would you mind my turning off the TV?我關(guān)上電視你介意嗎？
語(yǔ)法---句詞性從句
一、名詞性從句——賓語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句通�？煞譃槿�(lèi)：
1）由連詞that引起的賓語(yǔ)從句
We know that it is not easy to give up smoking．我們知道戒煙不容易。
Suddenly he realized that he had made a mistake．突然他意識(shí)到他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
I hope that you will be well．我希望你很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。
說(shuō)明：上述句子中的連詞在口語(yǔ)和非正式場(chǎng)合均可省略。但是，下列句子中的連詞在任何情況下都不可省略。
2）由連接代詞或副詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句
Do you know when the meeting will be held? 你知道這次會(huì)議什么時(shí)候舉行嗎？
Please tell me what mother has bought for me today．請(qǐng)告訴我，媽媽今天給我買(mǎi)了些什么。
They didn’t say how many guests would attend the party.他們沒(méi)有說(shuō)會(huì)有多少客人來(lái)參加這次聚會(huì)。
I wonder whose bicycle this is. 我想知道這輛自行車(chē)是誰(shuí)的。
3）由關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
I can’t remember what he said at the meeting．我記不起來(lái)他在會(huì)上講了些什么。
We thank you for what you have done for us．感謝您為我們所做的一切。
二、名詞性從句——表語(yǔ)從句
與賓語(yǔ)從句一樣，表語(yǔ)從句也可分為三類(lèi)：
l）由連詞that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
The problem with tobacco is that it contains a drug called nicotine．煙草的問(wèn)題在于它里面含有一種叫做尼古丁的麻醉劑。
The difficulty is that smokers can’t go without smoking．困難的事情是：煙民們不吸煙就感到難受。
2）由連接代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
That’s how he passed the physics examination.他就是這樣通過(guò)物理考試的。
That’s why we decide to sell our house.那就是我們決定把房子賣(mài)掉的原因。
3）由關(guān)系代詞 what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
That’s what we should do．這是我們應(yīng)該做的。
This country is no longer what it used to be．這個(gè)國(guó)家已不再是過(guò)去的樣子了。
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