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高二英語(yǔ)第二十三單元Telephones
科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高二
文件 high2 unit23.1.doc
標(biāo)題 Telephones
章節(jié) 第二十三單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語(yǔ)第二十三單元
內(nèi)容
一、 教法建議
【 拋磚引玉 】
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
get together， all the best ， have a word with ， in other words ， excellent ， chat ， connect … with ， hire ， wind ( vt . ) ， strengthen ， frequently ， recover ， smart ， distant ， lately ， interrupt ， remind ， lack ， due ， income ， announce ， bargain ， sew ， needle ， thread ， frequent ， free of charge ， dial ， have … on conversation ， handle ( n . ) ， directory ， telephone ，
Ⅱ. 交際英語(yǔ)
1. Hello . Can I speak to … , please? There is no … here .
2. I\'m sorry . I think I dialled the wrong number .
3. Hello . Is that … ? I called to ask／tell you …
4. Hold on . I\'ll go and get …
5. Please could I have a word with … ?
6. I\'ll have to ring off now . Someone wants to use the phone .
Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的用法。
作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句
和同位語(yǔ)從句。
1 . 主語(yǔ)從句：復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。如：
That he is ready to help others is well - known .
( that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在從句中沒(méi)有含義，也不充當(dāng)成分，但不宜省略。 )
Whether he will attend the meeting is not decided . ( 不用 if 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 )
其他的連接詞還有 who , what , which , when , where , how , why 等。如：
Which team will win the match is still unknown .
What we need is your help .
How he became a famous musician is known to all .
主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)，句子顯得不太平衡，因此常將它移到名子后面，前面用引導(dǎo)詞 it 來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)。如：
It\'s a pity that she had made such a mistake .
2 . 表語(yǔ)從句：用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。如：
That is why I didn\'t attend the meeting .
I didn\'t know it . That is because I didn\'t attend the meeting .
They are just what I\'m looking for .
其他連詞還有 that , whether , as if , who , which , when , where , how , why 等。
3 . 同位語(yǔ)從句：用作同位語(yǔ)的從句，叫同位語(yǔ)從句。
它一般跟在抽象名詞 ( 如 idea , news , fact , possibility 等的后面，用以說(shuō)明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)的詞有連詞 that , 連接副詞 how , when , where 等。如：
The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people .
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home
is often discussed .
注意同位語(yǔ)從句同定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：
1 ) 同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)成份，沒(méi)有實(shí)際含義，而定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 that 在從句中常做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：
The news that he told us just now is exciting . ( 定語(yǔ)從句 )
The news that our team won the game is exciting . ( 同位語(yǔ)從句 )
2 ) 同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 that 在從句中不能省略，而定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞 that 如果在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。如：
The news that he told us just now is exciting .
句中的 that 在從句中做 told 的直接賓語(yǔ)，所以可以省略。
3 ) 同位語(yǔ)從句常用連接詞 that , 連接副詞 when , where 等常用于 have no ( some ) idea 后。如：I have no idea when he will be back . ( 同位語(yǔ)從句 ) = I don\'t know when he\'ll be back .
I will never forget the day when I joined the army . ( 定語(yǔ)從句 )
【 指點(diǎn)迷津 】
very 誤用例析
1 . ［ 誤 ］I\'m very afraid he\'s out .
［ 正 ］I\'m very much afraid he\'s out .
［ 析 ］very 不能修飾 afraid , asleep , awake , alone , alive 等表語(yǔ)形容詞，這類形容詞要用其他副詞修飾。如：be wide awake , be fast ( deep , sound ) asleep , be quite alone , be very much alive。
2 . ［ 誤 ］The situation seems to be very improved .
［ 正 ］The situation seems to be very much ( much ) improved .
［ 析 ］在沒(méi)有形容詞化仍有動(dòng)詞性的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞之前不能用 very , 應(yīng)用 very much 或 much。very 只能修飾 amusing , disappointing , exciting , interesting , moving , pleasing , satisfying , devoted , interested , learned , pleased , surprised , tired , worried 等形容詞化的分詞。
3 . ［ 誤 ］I\'m very tired that I can\'t walk a bit farther .
［ 正 ］I\'m so tired that I can\'t walk a bit farther .
［ 析 ］very 不能替代 so…that 和 too…to 中的 so 和 too 修飾其形容詞和副詞。so…that 與 too…to 屬于固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
4 . ［ 誤 ］It was very impossible for her to catch the 9 o\'clock train .
［ 正 ］It was quite impossible for her to catch the 9 o\'clock train .
［ 析 ］very 不能修飾 impossible , mistaken , different , right 和 wrong 等不可分等級(jí)的形容詞。修飾這些詞時(shí)，常用 quite。
5 . ［ 誤 ］The book is very worth reading .
［ 正 ］The book is well worth reading .
［ 析 ］worth 是表語(yǔ)形容詞，表示“很值得……”時(shí)，常用 well 修飾而不用 very。
6 . ［ 誤 ］He is very anxious to leave .
［ 正 ］He is too anxious to leave .
［ 析 ］句式“主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + ( only , , but ) too + adj . + to do sth . ”，意為“非�；� + 分……去干某事”，此時(shí)不用 very 代替 too。能用于這一句式的形容詞有 anxious , eager , ready , pleased , glad 等。
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【 學(xué)法指要 】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1 . hire 常用作動(dòng)詞，意為“雇用 ( 某人 ) ( = employ ) ；租借 ( 東西 ) ( = rent ) ”。例如：
They hired five more hands for the rice harvest .
They hired a concert hall with accommodations for 300 people .
2 . wind 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是 wound , 可以表示“ ( 道路、河流等 ) 彎曲，蜿蜒； ( 把毛線等 ) 卷起，卷成球； ( 把某物 ) 卷在 ( 某物、人等 ) 上，纏繞；上緊 ( 發(fā)條 ) ”。例如：
The river winds through the jungle .
The road winds up the mountain .
Will you wind the wool into a ball?
3 . strong 用作形容詞，其名詞形式為 strength , 動(dòng)詞形式為 strengthen。例如：
Which do you think is stronger , a lion or a tiger?
He has a very strong will .
They took strong measures at last .
The light is too strong for this room .
This coffee is too strong for me .
He got his strength back slowly after his illness .
She doesn\'t have enough strength to walk upstairs .
We want to strengthen our ties with them .
4 . interrupt 意為“阻礙 ( 某人 ) ，打斷 ( 某人 ) 的話；使 ( 工作、談話等 ) 中斷， ( 使 ) 終止”。例如：
Don\'t interrupt ( me ) while I am working .
I\'m sorry to interrupt you , but there\'s someone to see you .
A flash interrupted the program .
5 . lack 既可用作名詞，意為“欠缺，不足”；也可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“缺少……， ( 對(duì) ) ……不充�！�。例如：
The project failed due to lack of money .
Lack of heat made us cold .
She lacked the experience to get the job .
They are so rich that they lack for nothing .
6 . need 既可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，也可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“需要”。
①用作實(shí)義詞時(shí)，其后通常跟名詞，帶 to 的不定式或動(dòng)詞 - ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：
I need your help .
Here are some exercises that need to be done after class .
Your telephone needs repairing ( = to be repaired ) .
②用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，通常用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。例如：
“Need you go now?”“You , I must . ”
You needn\'t come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do .
7 . announce 用作動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)表……，宣布……，告知”，其名詞形式為 announcement。
The government announced its new economic policies .
The news was announced to the public on TV .
Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow .
A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring .
I\'d like to make an important announcement .
8 . recognize 用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“認(rèn)出；辯認(rèn)”。例如：
He didn\'t recognize me in my disguise .
I recognized his voice over the phone .
另外，recognize 還可以作“承認(rèn)”；“意識(shí)到”解。例如：
He refused to recognize her as his lawful heir .
We recognize that country as an independent state .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1 . All the best . 是臨別時(shí)表示祝愿的用語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“All the best wishes to you . ”的意思。也可以說(shuō)：All the very best . 后面還可以加適當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z(yǔ)。例如：
All the best in your new job .
All the best with your family .
All the best in your study／business .
2 . have a word with 意為“和……說(shuō)句話”，其中的 a word 也可以用 a few words 代替，表示“ ( 說(shuō) ) 幾句話”的意思。例如：
May I have a word with you?
I want to have a few words with you , are you free now?
The teacher would like a word with you in his office .
Is Miss Mary in? I\'d like to have a word with her .
3 . in other words 意為“換句話說(shuō)；換言之”；而 in a ( one ) word 意為“總之，總而言之”；in words 意為“用語(yǔ)言，用文字”。例如：
They are not the revolutionary in deeds , but in words .
In a word , they are working very hard .
An apple a day keeps a doctor away . In other words , eating some fresh fruit every day will do good to people\'s health .
In other words , we can finish the work on time only in this way .
He has been working too much , and is not at all well . In other words , he needs holiday .
4 . bring along 意為“把……帶來(lái)，領(lǐng)來(lái)”。例如：
I want to bring my friend along to see you .
Bring your suitcase along with you .
5 . be connected with 的意思是“與……有關(guān)” ( = to be related to ) 。例如：
I always considered your brother to be connected with that club .
The meeting was connected directly with this affair .
He is in no way connected with this business .
The discussion will be connected closely with our work .
6 . go wrong 意為“出了毛病”�！癵o + adj . ”表示“轉(zhuǎn)變成……”，go 是連系動(dòng)詞，意為“變得”。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常表示情況變壞。例如：
What can be done in order to make sure that no one in the world goes hungry?
The machines go wrong .
He went almost mad when he heard the news .
His illness is going worse .
7 . have on ( = be wearing ) 穿 ( 戴 ) 著，表示狀態(tài)，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但有動(dòng)詞 - ing 短語(yǔ)形式。例如：
The man having nothing on walked in the wools .
put on 表示穿的動(dòng)作，wear 表示穿的狀態(tài)。兩者后均跟表示服裝的名詞作賓語(yǔ)，wear 還可以表示戴手表，眼鏡，首飾，花等。in 表示穿的狀態(tài)，但它除接表示服裝的名詞外，還可接表示顏色的名詞。例如：
He put on his raincoat and soon disappeared in the rain .
The man , wearing black glasses , is in blue .
dress 既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞，后面只能跟表示人的名詞或代詞 ( 表示自己穿衣時(shí)用反身代詞 ) ，不能跟表示服裝的名詞。例如：
After the bath , he dressed himself .
She hurriedly dressed her daughter and took her to the zoo .
The beggar was poorly dressed .
( 過(guò)去分詞 dressed 用作表語(yǔ)，表示穿的狀態(tài)。 )
Get up and dress quickly .
pull on , have on , put on 均為“動(dòng)詞 + 副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)其后的賓語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)既可放在兩詞中間，也可放在副詞后；若其后的賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)只能放在兩詞中間，如“你今天不必戴帽子�！笨勺g為：
You don\'t need to put on your cap today .
You don\'t need to put it on today . ( “it” refers to “your cap” here ; We can\'t say “put on it” )
8 . in case 用作連詞，意為“在……的情況下，萬(wàn)一……的話”；“以防，免得”。例如：
In case anything important happens , please call me up .
Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting .
In case I forget , please remind me of it .
in case of “萬(wàn)一，以防”，后面跟名詞。如：
In case of fire , dial 119 .
Take your raincoat in case of rain .
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1 . Would you like a word with her?你想和她說(shuō)幾句話嗎?
a word = a few words 與某人說(shuō)話交談 have a word with sb . = have a few words with sb
1 ) Is Mary in? I want to have a few words with her .
與 word 有關(guān)的常用詞組。
address a few words to sb . 對(duì)某人講幾句話 break one\'s word 失信，食言
not to breathe a word about sth .對(duì)某事只字不提 eat one\'s words 收回前言，承認(rèn)說(shuō)錯(cuò)
get word 獲得消息，聽(tīng)說(shuō)，得知 give one\'s word 保證，擔(dān)保，允諾
have a word with 和某人談?wù)? keep one\'s word 守信用，遵守諾言 match words with deeds 言行一致 in word 口頭上
waste one\'s words 白費(fèi)口舌 the last words 臨終遺言
sharp words 苛刻的話 soft words 甜言蜜語(yǔ)
have no words for sth . 無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言形容某物 in a word 總之
2 . I\'ve already got something on this evening . 我今天晚上已有安排。
have sth . on 有 ( 約會(huì)，聚會(huì)等 ) 安排
I have nothing on tomorrow evening . 明天晚上我沒(méi)有約會(huì)。
Do you have anything on for tonight?你今晚有什么事嗎?
have…on 穿著，戴著 = wear。
Mary has a red dress on today .
What do you think of the tie he has on today?
3 . All the best . 祝你萬(wàn)事如意。
All the best 是臨別時(shí)的祝愿用法， = All the best wishes to you . = All the very best， ( 可接狀語(yǔ) ) 。
All the best in your study . 祝你學(xué)習(xí)順利。
All the best with your family . 祝你全家都好。
表示祝愿的說(shuō)法：
※ luck
Good luck . Good luck with you . Good luck in the examination .
※ wish ( 常接雙賓語(yǔ) )
I wish you success . I wish you happiness .
※ hope ( 后接從句 )
I hope you have a good time . I hope everything goes well .
※ 以 have 開(kāi)頭的句子
Have a good time . Have a nice party . Have fun .
※ enjoy oneself
Enjoy yourself . 祝你玩得痛快。
4 . The operator connected the two numbers and made a note of the length of the telephone call and the charge . 接線員把兩個(gè)號(hào)碼接通，然后記下通話的時(shí)間和電話費(fèi)。
make a note of 把……記下來(lái) take a note of make notes of take notes of When you listen to a lecture , you should take／make a note of what the professor says .
If he rings up , take／make notes of what he says and then pass it on to me .
make／take a note／notes of 把……記下來(lái)
take note of 注意，理會(huì)
She pretended not to take note of me when she passed by .
Nobody took note of him when he stole into the classroom .
5 . These are some of the ways in which they can be used . 它們 ( 新式電話 ) 可以用于以下幾種方式。
the ways 先行詞，in which they can be used 是定語(yǔ)從句。
way + 定語(yǔ)從句 in shich／that
There are some of the ways ( that ) they can be used .
The way in which you are doing it is completely wrong . 你這么個(gè)干法，完全是錯(cuò)誤的。 = The way ( that ) you are doing it is completely wrong .
means 和 method，方法 ( 前面的介詞與 way 用法不同，并且在定語(yǔ)從句中，將介詞放前時(shí)，不可用 that 替代，也不可省 )
The means by which you are doing it is completely wrong .
The method with which you are doing it is completely wrong .
6 . You can take it with you wherever you go…無(wú)論你走到哪兒……，你都可以帶著它。
wherever ( conj ) 無(wú)論何地，不管……在哪里 ( 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 ) ，wherever = no matter where。
Wherever he goes , I\'ll go with him . = No matter where he goes , I\'ll go with him .
wherever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 ( 主語(yǔ)從句 ) 時(shí)不能將 wherever 改換為 no matter where。
Wherever he goes is none of my business .
No matter where he goes is none of my business . ( 對(duì) )
whoever , whatever , whenever , however。用法與 wherever 相同。
7 . I want to remind you that we\'ve got a meeting next Monday . 我想提醒你我們下周一有個(gè)會(huì)議。
( 1 ) remind + sb . + of + sth。使 ( 人 ) 想起…
He reminds me of his father .
I was reminded of my promise .
( 2 ) remind + wb . + that…使某人想起 ( 某事 ) ，提醒，警告 ( 某人 )
She reminded me that I hadn\'t watered the flowers .
( 3 ) remind + sb . + to do . 使人想起做 ( 某事 ) ，提醒某人做 ( 某事 ) 。
Remind me to mail this letter .
I reminded him to work hard .
8 . It was just one piece of paper , printed on one side .
那只不過(guò)是一張紙，電話號(hào)碼印在一面上。
printed on one side 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 ( …，which was printed on one side ) 。又如：
It was the first building here , built in 1871 .
This is a newly - made satellite , used for communications .
Just now , a gentleman , called John Brown , came to see you .
( 6 ) The problem with electrical signals is that they get weaker and weaker as they travel along metal wires . 電話號(hào)的問(wèn)題是，當(dāng)它們沿著金屬導(dǎo)線傳送時(shí)，信號(hào)會(huì)變得越來(lái)越弱。
這個(gè)句子是個(gè)復(fù)合句，它包含一個(gè)由 that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 they get weaker and weaker , 而這個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句后面又接了一個(gè)由 as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 as they travel along metal wires .
weaker and weaker 越來(lái)越弱。這是“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越來(lái)越……”的意思，在本句中作表語(yǔ)。例如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger .
More and more people have their telephones .
We hope that the telephone charges will get less and less expensive .
as 在此句中作連詞，引出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，�？梢院� when 或 while 換用。例如：
I saw her as／when／while I was waiting for the bus .
I saw her as／when she was falling .
9 . They need to be strengthened every 3—4km . 電信號(hào)每隔3—4公里就需要增強(qiáng)。
( 1 ) to be strengthened 是不定式的被動(dòng)式，作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 need 的賓語(yǔ)。strengthen
是由名詞 strength ( 力量 ) 加后綴 - en 派生的動(dòng)詞。strengthen 作“加強(qiáng)”、“增強(qiáng)”解 ( make or become strong ) 。例如：
Our army is becoming greatly strengthened .
We must strengthen our national defence .
名詞或形容詞加后綴 - en，構(gòu)成意思相近的動(dòng)詞，如：length ( 長(zhǎng)度 ) →lengthen ( 加長(zhǎng) ) ，height ( 高 ) →heighten ( 加高 ) ，wide ( 寬的 ) →widen ( 加寬 ) ，deep ( 深的 ) →deepen ( 加深 ) ，short ( 短的 ) →shorten ( 縮短 ) 。
( 2 ) “every 3—4km . ”中的 km 是 kilometre ( 千米／公里 ) 的縮寫。every 一般和單數(shù)名詞連用，表示“每一……”，如 every minute ( 每分鐘 ) ，every hour ( 每小時(shí) ) 。若后面接 two 以上的數(shù)詞，則需接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“每隔……”。例如：
The bus runs every 4—5 minutes .
Take the medicine every four hours .
10 . At the other end , the light signals are received and changed back into electrical signals and finally sound . 在受話的一端，被接收的光信號(hào)還原為電信號(hào)，最后變成聲音。
這個(gè)句子是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)是 the light signals , 有三個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)是 are received , 第二個(gè)是 ( are ) changed back into electrical signals ( 其中 are 省略了 ) ，第三個(gè)是 ( are changed ) finally ( into ) sound ( 其中省略了 are changed…into ) ，這些省略都是為了避免重復(fù)。
11 . These are some of the ways in which they can be used . 它們 ( 電話 ) 可以用于以下幾種方式。 ( 直譯：這些是可以使用電話的幾種方式。 )
ways 作“方式”、“方法”解，后接介詞加關(guān)系代詞 ( in which ) 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí) in which 也可省略。例如：
This was the way ( in which ) the nobles treated the peasants .
There was no way ( in which ) the dog in the satellite could be brought back to earth .
I don\'t like the way he talks .
That was the way she and her husband worked on their experiments .
【 妙文賞析 】
Franklin\'s Toast
Benjamin Franklin , the well - known American politician , was once dining with a small party of distinguished ( 杰出的 ) gentlemen when one of them said , “The three of us here happen to be from three different countries : France , England , and America . Let each of us propose a toast ( 致祝酒辭 ) . ”And the other two agreed .
The Englishman stood up first . In a tone of British snobbery he said , “Here\'s to Great Britain , the sun that gives light to all nations of the earth!”
The Frenchman was rather astonished at this , but he proposed , “Here\'s to France , the moon whose magic rays move the tides of the world!”
Then Franklin rose to his feet . With an air of quaint modesty ( 帶著不尋常的謙遜神情 ) ，he said , “Here\'s to our beloved ( 敬愛(ài)的 ) George Washington , the Jesus of America , who commanded ( 命令 ) the sun and the moon to stand still——and they obeyed!”
【 思維體操 】
下面是我國(guó)十四部古典名著的英譯名，你知道它們是哪些書(shū)嗎?
1 . A Dream of Red Mansions 2 . Outlaws of the Marsh
3 . The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 4 . Journey to the West
5 . The Scholars 6 . Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
7 . The Western Chamber 8 . Stories to Awaken Men
9 . Stories to Enlighten Men 10 . Stories to Warn Men
11 . Exposure of the Official World 12 . Outline of Herb Medicine
13 . Records of the Historian 14 . History as a Mirror
答案：
1 . 《紅樓夢(mèng)》 2 . 《水滸傳》 3 . 《三國(guó)演義》 4 . 《西游記》 5 . 《儒林外史》 6 . 《聊齋志異》 7 . 《西廂記》 8 . 《醒世恒言》 9 . 《喻世明言》 10 . 《警世通言》 11 . 《官場(chǎng)現(xiàn)形記》 12 . 《本草綱目》 13 . 《史記》 14 . 《資治通鑒》
三、智能顯示
【 心中有數(shù) 】
單元語(yǔ)法發(fā)散思維
that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。一般跟在某些抽象名詞 ( 如 belief , fact , hope , idea , news , problem , possibility 等 ) 的后面，用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞。例如：
The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people .
引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞除連詞 that 外，還有連接副詞 ( how , when , where , why 等 ) 。例如：
I have no idea when Jack will be back .
He can\'t answer the question how he got the money .
同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：比較下列兩個(gè)例句：
We expressed the hope ( that ) they had expressed . ①
We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again . ②
請(qǐng)看如下分析：
1 . 從語(yǔ)法的角度上看，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的 that 是連詞，只起連接的作用，在從句中并不作任何句子成分；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的 that 是關(guān)系代詞，除了起連接作用外，還在從句中作句子成分 ( 如句①中的 that 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；句②中 that 只起連接作用 ) 。
2 . 從語(yǔ)義的角度上看，同位語(yǔ)從句與它前面的名詞 ( 如 hope ) 是同位關(guān)系，表示這個(gè)“希望”的內(nèi)容是“他們?cè)賮?lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)”；而定語(yǔ)從句與它前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，表示“……的”，起修飾作用。
3 . 同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞 that 一般不能省略；而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞 that，當(dāng)其在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常�？梢允÷� ( 如句①中的 that 可以省略；句②中的 that 不能省略 ) 。
【 動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦 】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
一、用所給各組詞的正確形式填空。
1 . pleased , pleasant
—Were you ______ with the trip?
—Oh , yes . It was quite ______ .
2 . through , though
______ it was raining hard , they made their way ______ the beating rain .
3 . pass , post , past
Did you see him ______ the ______ office at half ______ six this morning?
4 . fall , fill
I\'m very thirsty . Please ______ the glass with water , but don\'t let the glass ______ to the ground .
5 . below , blow
The wind from the valley ______ was ______ harder and harder .
6 . sit , set
When they ______ down at the table and asked for something to eat , the sun had already ______ behind the hill .
7 . cross , across
Can you swim ______ the lake? No , but I can ______ the river .
8 . probably , possibly
Maths is ______ the most important subject of science , but the boys don\'t ______ understand it .
9 . rise , raise
He ______ his head and said , “The living standard of the people has greatly ______ . ”
10 . quiet , silent
She is a ______ girl , so she often keeps ______ at the meetings .
11 . either , neither
Though there are flowers and trees on ______ side of the street , ______ side of the street is clean .
12 . clear , clean
It is ______ that every one of us must keep the room ______ .
二、單詞拼寫
1 . His ______ ( 發(fā)音 ) is improving .
2 . They are studying ______ ( 自然 ) science .
3 . The newsman told me some ______ ( 官方 ) news .
4 . The good news ______ ( 傳播 ) quickly in the town .
5 . ______ ( 顯然 ) ，he couldn\'t read it .
6 . The murderer was caught and ______ ( 絞死 ) .
7 . She helped her mother ______ ( 擺放 ) the table .
8 . Clinton had been reelected as the ______ ( 總統(tǒng) ) of the USA .
9 . You\'ve grown so tall that I did not ______ ( 認(rèn)出 ) you just now .
10 . Is this a weekly or a monthly ______ ( 雜志 ) ?
11 . This story is about a bright boy in a small village in ______ ( 歐洲 ) .
12 . The teacher is very ______ ( 耐心 ) with the slower children .
13 . She has lived in ______ ( 貧困 ) all her life .
14 . He was ______ ( 判決 ) to two years in prison .
15 . Tom has only got the ______ ( 第九 ) place .
16 . The article was written by Comrade Mao Tsetong in ______ ( 紀(jì)念 ) of Norman Bethune in 1939 .
17 . Are you ______ ( 緊張不安 ) in the dark?
18 . That man is twice my ______ ( 重量 ) .
19 . They crossed the desert in ______ ( 安全 ) .
答案：一、1 . pleased , pleasant 2 . Though , through 3 . pass , post , past 4 . feeling , fill , fall 5 . below , blowing 6 . sat , set 7 . across , cross 8 . probably , possibly 9 . raised , risen 10 . quiet , silent 11 . either , neither 12 . clear , clean 二、1 . pronunciation 2 . natural 3 . official 4 . spread 5 . Obviously 6 . hanged 7 . lay 8 . President 9 . recognize／recognise 10 . magazine 11 . European 12 . patient 13 . poverty 14 . sentenced 15 . ninth 16 . memory 17 . nervous 18 . weight 19 . safety
【 創(chuàng)新園地 】
請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提供的情況，寫一篇介紹華羅庚教授的短文。
1 . 生于1910年；
2 . 家貧，中學(xué)只讀了三年，15歲離校；
3 . 當(dāng)?shù)陠T，自學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)，幾年后寫文章指出某教授書(shū)中的錯(cuò)誤；
4 . 1931年清華大學(xué)請(qǐng)他去研究數(shù)學(xué)并任教；
5 . 40年代英、美的大學(xué)相繼邀請(qǐng)他作為教授去任教；
6 . 解放后，他積極參加社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，幫助工農(nóng)，關(guān)心青年；
7 . 他在作數(shù)學(xué)講演時(shí)去世。
( 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們寫好后把你的答案反饋給我們 )
創(chuàng)新園地答案：
Professor Hua Luogeng died several years ago . But we will always remember him .
Hua Luogeng was born in 1910 . Since his family was very poor at that time , he studied only three years in a middle school . He had to leave school at the age of 15 .
Then , working as a shop assistant , he began to study mathematics by himself . Several years later , he wrote an article to point out the mistakes in a certain professor\'s book .
People were surprised at his success . So Qinghua University asked him to do research work and teach mathematics there . In 1940s , some famous universities in Britain and America , one after another , invited him to teach as a professor .
When he heard that the People\'s Republic of China was founded , he decided to go back at once . He took an active part in the socialist construction of new China . With his knowledge of mathematics , he helped workers and peasants to settle a lot of problems in industry and agriculture . He also took great care of the youth .
Once when Professor Hua made a speech on mathematics , a sudden heart disease ended his life . He left the world when he was explaining what he had studied all his life .
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