高二英語第十單元At the Tailor\s Shop (在裁店縫)

科目 英語
年級 高二
文件　high2 unit10.doc
標(biāo)題 At the Tailor\'s Shop (在裁店縫)
章節(jié) 第十單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高二英語第十單元
內(nèi)容 　　　
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
■ 大綱規(guī)定的單元日常核心交際用語指南
Advice And Suggestions (勸告和建議)
● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套語
1. There seems to be something wrong with it . I can\'t possibly wear it . 這好象有點(diǎn)毛病，我不能穿了。
2. I would like you to change this for a new one . 我很想讓你把這個(gè)給我換個(gè)新的。
3. You sold me so old a bike that I can\'t use it . I insist that you give me my money back . 你買給了我如此破舊的自行車，我就不能用。我要求你退我款。
4. It\'s not our fault . I\'m afraid I can\'t do that . Why can\'t you do something about it ? 這不是我的錯(cuò)，恐怕我作不了主，你能不能靈活點(diǎn) ？
5. Could you give me some advice on English study ? 我想征求一下關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議。
6. I \'d like your advice about / on this plan .
7. What do you think I should do ?
8. You\'d better not trouble him . 你最好不要麻煩他。
9. Let\'s help him with the luggage .
10. Why not ask him to go with us ?
11. How / What about seeing a film ? 去看電影怎么樣 ？
12. I strongly advise you to keep your promise .
13. I\'m afraid I can\'t follow your advice .
14. That\'s impossible , but thank you all the same . 這不可能，但還是要謝謝你的。
15. Why don\'t you put off the meeting till next week ? 你為何不把會(huì)議推遲到下周 ？
　
● Model Dialogues 交際示范
A
A：Hello . You look tired today . What happened ?
B：I went to bed too late . I was reading a novel and forgot the time .
A：Really ? You need a rest tonight .
B：Yes , I think so .
A：You\'d better go to bed earlier if you can .
B：Yes , you\'re right .
B
A：I\'ve lost my ruler . Have you seen it anywhere ?
B：Sorry , I haven\'t . You\'d better try your desk .
A：Yes , I did , but I didn\'t find it .
B：Why don\'t you ask Jim ? He was using a ruler just now .
A：Thanks . I\'ll go and ask him .
■ 單元核心句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1. It looks / seems as if … 看起來好象 ……
It looks as if it is going to rain . 看起來天要下雨。
測試要點(diǎn)：as if = as though 后 接虛擬語氣。如：
He talks as if he had been there many times . 他談話的樣子好象是他已經(jīng)去過那里好多次了。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it were broken . 當(dāng)一支鉛筆部分放入一杯水中，它看起來就像是斷了似的。
2. I insist (that) …
測試要點(diǎn)：
我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該……（賓語從句用虛擬）；
I insist he ( should ) write a letter of thanks to the school . 我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該向?qū)W校寫個(gè)感謝信。
我堅(jiān)持說……（賓語從句不用虛擬）。
He insisted that he didn\'t steal the money . 他堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那筆錢。
3. I should like / would like sb to do sth 很樂意讓某人干……
I should like you go shopping this weekend . 我倒很想讓你周末去買東西。
測試要點(diǎn)：
should like /love + to do 與簡略回答。如：
－ Would you like to go swimming this Sunday ?
－ I\'d like / love to .
（用 to 代替 go swimming ）
should like / love sb to 很想讓某人去干 ……
We\'d like our teacher to point out and correct our mistakes in our exercises . 我們很想讓老師指出并改正我們作業(yè)中的錯(cuò)誤。
should like / love + to be + done 喜歡被……
Little Jim would like to be taken to Beijing next Christmas .
4. Why don\'t you do … ? = Why not do … ? 為何不…… ？
Why don\'t you (= Why not ) have a look at the other blouses ? 為何不挑選一下別的襯衫 ？
■ 單元誤點(diǎn)警示
　
單元詞組 take place 透射出的隱型被動(dòng)
在第 38 課中的詞組 take place (發(fā)生)屬\"隱形被動(dòng)\"范疇 ，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式。中學(xué)英語教材中還有一些不用\"be/get + 過去分詞\"的結(jié)構(gòu)，其具體表現(xiàn)形式如下：
◆ 有些詞(組)常用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義 (break out ，take place ，belong to ，shut off ，turn off ，work out制定 ，add up to , run out 用完 ，give out耗盡 ，等) 如：
The lights on the wall turned off .
The incident took place in Dec.1936 .
◆ 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，一方面與所修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 另一方面又與句子的主 語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)式代表被表式。如：
Do you have any letters to post ? (對比：Manager wang , I\'ll go to the post office . Do you have any letters to be posted) ?
◆ 某些表示感覺、狀態(tài)或特征的連系動(dòng)詞(look, sound, taste, smell, feel, become, appear, prove, turn out等)的主動(dòng)形式常表被動(dòng)意義。如：
－ Do you like the material ?
－ Yes , it ____ very soft . (NMET 94)
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt [ 答案：C ]
His theory proved correct .
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .
◆ 有些動(dòng)詞由\"vt\"變成的\"vi\"時(shí)， 常用主動(dòng)形式與方式狀語連用表被動(dòng)意義，這類動(dòng)詞的主語常是物，該類常用動(dòng)詞有：sell , lock , fill , dry , run , open , cut , read, wear , write , translate , wash , shut , blow , digest , begin 等。如：
The door blew open . The book sells well .
This cloth wears long . The story won\'t translate well .
The food won\'t digest . The suitcase won\'t lock easily .
◆ 表\"需要\"的動(dòng)詞 (need , want , require , deserve , bear , demand) 后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式，或不定式的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)；在 be worth 后只接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。如：
－ What do you think of the book ?
－ Oh , excellent. It\'s worth _____ a second time . (MET89)
A. to read B. to the read
C. reading D. being read [答案：C]
Your coat demands (requires , needs , wants) washing . (washing = to be washed)
He certainly deserves sending (= to be sent) to prison .
This telephone directory is well worth buying .
◆ 一些介詞加上具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞，�？杀肀粍�(dòng)意義。如：
Several new railways are under _____ (建議 ) in China . (NMET96) [ 答案：construction]
�？嫉拇祟惤樵~短語有：on show＝on exhibition , on sale , on fire , out of sight , in sight , under discussion , in the charge of , in the possession of , without help , without permission , under arrest , under repair , under consideration , under development 等。
◆ 有些以-able ，-ible 結(jié)尾的形容詞 ( visible 可見的， invisible 無形的，breakable 的， drinkable 可飲用的 readable 可讀的， acceptable 可接受的，respectable可尊敬的，countable 可數(shù)的，sensible可覺察的，等) 如：
The water in this well is drinkable(=fit to drink) . (19) Many things are invisible to us .
◆ 由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞 (pleased , interested , satisfied , frightened , worried, dressed , surprised , wounded , broken) 仍含有被動(dòng)意義。如：
The girls are always dressed well .
The boy cried , with a glass broken .
◆ 使役動(dòng)詞 have/get＋賓語＋過去分詞 ，表示該分詞的動(dòng)作由別人來完成。如：
－Good morning. Can I help you ?
－I\'d like to have this package ____ , Madame . (MET89)
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed [答案：D]
I\'ll get my hair cut on Sunday .
◆ 有些名詞以 -ee 結(jié)尾含被動(dòng)意義 (以-er , -or 結(jié)尾卻含主動(dòng)意義) 。如：
trainee受訓(xùn)者(trainer訓(xùn)練員)，employe(e)雇員(employor雇主)，addressee收件人 (addresser, addressor發(fā)件人) ，rejectee被棄者 (rejecter拋棄者) 等。
◆ 當(dāng)不定式在作表語(或賓補(bǔ))的形容詞(heavy , light , interesting , pleasant , simple, comfortable, dangerous , strong , big , small , sweet , smooth , nice , fit , important , impossible , necessary , good , easy, hard , difficult 等) 后面作狀語， 且不定式與句中主語 (或賓語)在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。如：
The chair looks rather hard , but in fact, it is very comfortable to _____ . (MET88)
A. sit B. sit on
C. be sat D. be sat on [答案：B]
They found the article hard to understand .
(注意：當(dāng)不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)需補(bǔ)上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。又如：This river is dangerous to swim in)
◆ 動(dòng)詞happen , last持續(xù) ，let出租 ，blame責(zé)備 ，seek尋求 ， 等用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如：
It is I who am to blame .
This house is to let . 此房出租。
◆ 有些動(dòng)詞 (look , bake , burn , print…)的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。如：
Bread is baking .
The fish is cooking .
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
■ 單元重點(diǎn)新詞透視
1. run ( ran , run ) 作不及物動(dòng)詞意思是\"顏色退色\"。褪
Will the colours run if the dress is washed ? 這衣服洗起來會(huì)不會(huì)掉顏色 ？
The red on his face ran . 他臉上的紅潤不見了。
Some colours run quickly in the sun . 有些顏色在陽光下很快就褪色了。
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
run forward 向前跑去。run first 跑了第一。run a temperature 發(fā)燒。run a factory 辦工廠。run into 跑進(jìn)，偶然遇到。sth + run out = become used up (主語常是時(shí)間、食物、金錢) 用完了 。sb + run out of + sth 用完了。例如：
His money soon ran out . 他的錢很快就用完了。
He is always running out of money before payday . 他老是發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢給花完了。
Last Sunday he ran into his old friend in the street . 上星期天他在街上遇到他的老朋友。
2. foolish 愚蠢的，傻的，鹵莽的，可笑的，荒謬的
It\'s foolish of me to do so . 我這樣做真蠢。
That\'s a foolish action . 那是各愚蠢的行為。
You look foolish in that dress .
It was foolish of her to act that way . = How foolish of her to act that way . 她那樣做該有多笨啊 ！
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
辨析 foolish （愚蠢）, stupid （笨）, silly（傻）
foolish 強(qiáng)調(diào)缺乏智力、智慧或者判斷力，像愚人似的做出不合常理的事來。
I think it\'s foolish of her to let pass such a fine opportunity to go abroad . 我認(rèn)為她放棄這樣一個(gè)出國的好機(jī)會(huì)是十分愚蠢的。
stupid 常用于生氣和責(zé)罵時(shí)，用于人的性格時(shí)指智力或反應(yīng)遲鈍。
What a stupid boy he is ! 他是個(gè)多么笨的孩子啊 ！
You are not stupid , just lazy ! 你不笨，就是懶 ！
He is stupid in learning maths . 他學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很笨。
silly 指智力低能，所做所為太無見識(shí)，因而常招致譏笑，含\"聰明一世，糊涂一時(shí)\"。
I felt silly because I didn\'t know what to say . 我覺得很傻，因?yàn)槲也恢�道說什么好。
Don\'t ask such silly questions ! 別再問這樣傻的問題了。
3. insist vt.& vi. 堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)決要求
He insisted that I was wrong . 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我錯(cuò)了。
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
(1) insist on + doing 堅(jiān)持做
She insisted on going to Beijing herself . 她堅(jiān)持自己去北京。
Mother insisted on our going to Dalian by train . 母親堅(jiān)持要我們乘火車去大連。
(2) insist 后不接不定式，接賓語從句。表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為應(yīng)該作某事時(shí)用可以省略 should 的虛擬語氣；表示堅(jiān)持說明自己的看法時(shí)不用虛擬語氣。
He insisted that he wasn\'t a thief .
He insisted that I (should) finish this job alone .
He insists that he has done right . 他堅(jiān)信自己做對了。
(3) insist on 主要是\"堅(jiān)持\"意見、看法、主張。stick to 常指\"堅(jiān)持\"原則、計(jì)劃、決定，含有繼續(xù)干或者接著干之意。
He insisted on this point . 他堅(jiān)持這一點(diǎn)。
He insisted on knowing the fact . 他堅(jiān)決要知道事實(shí)的真相。
But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research .
We must stick to our plan .
Lao Chen always sticks to his promise .
4. depend 依賴，依靠，信賴，相信
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
(1) depend on / upon 依靠 ，信賴（不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但在否定句中常用不定式的被動(dòng)式）
He is a man to depend on .
He isn\'t a man to be depended on .
China doesn\'t depend on foreign countries .
Whether we will hold the sports meet depends on the weather .
You can depend on this newspaper .
You may depend on it that he will want to come .
Whether we can go for a picnic depends on our money .
(2) depend on sb for sth ; depend on sb to do sth
He depends on his neighbour for help .
All living things depend on the sun for their growth . 萬物生長靠太陽。
(3) depend on / upon it 毫無疑問，沒錯(cuò)
Depend on it , we will win this match .
(4) It （all） depends (on) + 從句\"要看……而定\"
It depends on whether you want to do it or not .
It depends what you think of it .
5. choice 選擇，抉擇
When you make friends , make a careful choice .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
have no choice but / except to do 只有干……
He had no choice but to sing a song for us .
■ 單元重點(diǎn)詞組掃瞄
Lesson 37
1. There seems to be something wrong with … 好象……有毛病
There seems to be something wrong with my radio .
2. or else 要不然，否則
Hurry up , or else you\'ll be late for this important meeting .
He must be drunk , or else he is mad .
3. follow the instructions 按照說明進(jìn)行
It looks as if it hasn\'t been washed following the instructions . 好象沒有按照衣服的說明要求去洗。
4. the fault of ……的過錯(cuò)
That is not the fault of our company .
5. give back 退還，歸還
You must give back the book to him by tomorrow .
I hope you will give my money back next week .
Will you please give the ruler back to Tom ? = Will you please give Tom back the ruler ?
6. do something about 對……采取措施
Why don\'t you do something about the rubbish in front of your school ?
7. change A for B 用A交換B；換乘……車
I\'d like to change this dress for one in a larger size .
You have to take No. 101 at first and then change for the bus No. 101 .
8. in the sun 在陽光下
They stood in the winter sun , talking .
It\'s bad for you to read in the sun .
　
Lesson 38
1. take place 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，舉行
This dialogue takes place at a tailor\'s shop .
When and where did the accident take place ?
It took place on a rainy morning last week .
Great changes have taken place here since 1978 .
The dance will take place after school .
2. find sth rather expensive 發(fā)現(xiàn)……相當(dāng)貴
3. try on 試穿
－Can I try on this pair of shoes ?
－ Sure , try it on , please .
4.have sth on / about / with + sb 身上帶有某物
I don\'t have any small notes on me . 我隨身沒有帶小鈔票。
You had better have a pen on you .
Do you have any small change about you ? 你帶有零錢嗎 ？
Have you any notebook about you ?
Carry your driving licence with you .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
have on 穿著（不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）
Today she has on a white blouse . = Today she wears a white blouse . = Today she is wearing a white blouse .
5. judge by / from 根據(jù)……來判斷；從……來判斷
We should judge a man by his deeds .
You shouldn\'t judge strangers always by the clothes he wears .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
judging by / from 依……來判斷 （作評注狀語）
Judging by his words , he got angry .
6. pay for 支付費(fèi)用；負(fù)擔(dān)款項(xiàng)；付出代價(jià)
How much did you pay for the dictionary ?
Have those books been paid for ?
You will have to pay for your mistakes . 你總得為你的錯(cuò)誤付出代價(jià)的。
7. put sb to the trouble of doing sth = trouble sb to do sth 麻煩某人干，為難某人干
I\'m sorry to put you to the trouble of helping me .
He didn\'t want to put me to the trouble of meeting him at the airport .
8. apologize to sb for sth = make an apology to sb for sth 因……向某人道歉
He made apologies to us for breaking the mirror .
9. just a moment / minute 等一會(huì)兒
10. worry about 擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂，著急，發(fā)愁
Don\'t worry about it . It\'s nothing .
Worrying about your health will make you ill .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
be worried about 為……擔(dān)心，為……著急
Don\'t be worried about me , Mary .
She\'s always worried about her health .
11. be after 尋找，追求
The police are after the missing boy in the woods .
12. get / take off 脫下
You can get off your coat now .
Get off your wet clothes .
13. do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 幫某人的忙，給某人一恩惠
Will you do me a favour this time ?
She did me a great favour 5 years ago .
He is always ready to do his friends a favour .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
當(dāng) do sb a favour 后面有不定式時(shí)常用 do sb the favour to do 或者 do sb the favour of doing 。注意冠詞的變化。
Do me a favour , please . Turn the radio down .
She asked me to do her the favour of closing the door .
Will you do me the favor to lend me your dictionary ?
14. make … to one\'s (own) measure 根據(jù)某人的身材尺寸做
Mother will make new clothes for me to my own measure .
I\'d like to have the skirt made to my own measure .
It seems that this dress is made to her measure .
15. depend on / upon 依賴，依靠
Everything depends on the conditions , time and place .
Children must depend on their parents .
She is a girl to be depended on .
You can depend on us to do the work well .
16. put / write down 寫下，記下; 放下
Be sure to put down every word she says on the phone .
Let me put down your telephone number before I forget it .
This bus stopped to put down passengers , but that bus stopped to pick up passengers .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
辨析下列由 put 構(gòu)成的搭配：
put out 撲滅。put away 把……收起來，放好。put on 上演，穿/戴上。put in / into practice 實(shí)施。put in order 整理，整頓。put off 推遲，拖延。put up 舉起，建立，為……提供食宿。
17. drop in 順便拜訪
I\'ll drop in and leave the new address .
Would you like to drop in and have a cup of coffee
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
drop in + on sb 順便拜訪某人
drop in + at sb 順便拜訪某地
call on sb （比較正式）拜訪某人
visit sb = pay a visit to sb （最正式）拜訪
On my way back , I dropped in at my brother\'s house .
Let\'s drop in on Aunt Wang , shall you ?
18. show sb out 送某人出去
Wait a moment . Let me show you out . 等一下，我送你出去。
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
show sb in 領(lǐng)某人進(jìn)來。。show sb around + place 領(lǐng)某人參觀。show sb into 領(lǐng)某人進(jìn)入。
要特別注意 show sb to the door 把某人送到門口。show sb the door 把某人趕出門去，下逐客令。
He wouldn\'t listen to my apology . He showed me the door . 他對我的道歉聽也不聽就把我趕出了門。
Lesson 39 & 40
1. do some research about = make some research about / on 對……進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究
They have done some research about free markets in this city for some time .
They have done a great deal of research on that subject .
〖測試要點(diǎn)〗
research 雖然可以用復(fù)數(shù)，但其前不用 two , three , many , several , 但可以加 some �？梢杂茫篸o two pieces / items of research 做兩項(xiàng)研究工作。
research 后可以接介詞 on , about , into 。如：
He has made scientific researches on atom for ton years . 他從事原子科學(xué)研究已十年了。
2. offer the best advice and service 提供最好的建議和服務(wù)
3. do up 扎好，扣好，包好，整好，打扮。
You\'ve done up your buttons the wrong way . 你把鈕扣扣錯(cuò)了。
She went to the mirror to do up her hair .
They did up all the old newspapers and put then in a separate room .
Mary has done herself up for the palace ball .
4. be suitable for + ing / sth 適合于，宜于
These story-books are suitable for children to read .
This kind of food is unsuitable for the patients .
Is he suitable / fit for this job ?
5. understand about … 懂得有關(guān)……
對比：Do you understand the meaning ? 你明白/ 理解那個(gè)意思嗎？
Do you understand about space ? 你了解有關(guān)太空的情況嗎 ？
6. take sb seriously 對某人認(rèn)真接待，重視某人
It is foolish of you not to take this boss seriously .
7. (and) what is worse = to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
What was worse , this wine was not at all suitable for drinking with a meal .
He felt very hungry . What\'s worse , he had no money on him .
It got dark , and what was worse , we lost our way in the forest .
8. give sb the right / wrong change 給某人對/錯(cuò)錢
9. keep back 扣下，止住，隱瞞，留在后面
The boss kept back $30 from her pay without any reason . 老板無緣無故地從她的工資中扣掉30美元。
On hearing the news , the woman couldn\'t keep back her tears .
There\'s no need to keep it back from you .
10. enjoy equal rights 享有平等的權(quán)利
In China women enjoy equal rights with men .
11. fight sb to the end 同某人血戰(zhàn)到底
No matter how powerful the enemy seems , we must fight them to the end .
12. know little about 對……知之甚少
13. in the world = on earth = completely 完全地，究竟，到底
14. get caught in 遇到，掛住
Her dress got caught on a nail .
They got caught in the rain the day before yesterday .
15. come off 脫離，掉下來
The branches have come off the trees .
16. in the same order 以相同的順序
17. as usual 和往常一樣，照例
As usual , he got up very early .
Only a week after the fire in the store , it was doing business as usual .
　
■ 單元語法學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
●對 as if 用法的探微
本單元的語法學(xué)習(xí)是掌握 as if 的用法。as if 是連詞詞組，相當(dāng)于 as though , 意為\"好像，好似\"，引導(dǎo)表語從句和狀語從句。學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意如下四點(diǎn)：
1 . as if 引導(dǎo)表語從句。
as if 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，可以和 as though 互換，其句型為：\"It looks / seem as if …\"，其中 it 本身無詞義，是無人稱代詞，looks / seems 是連系動(dòng)詞，as if 引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如：
It looks / seems as if you have got no experience . 看來你似乎并沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
2 . as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。
as if 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用虛擬語氣。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想，動(dòng)詞用過去式 (be 用 were ，適用于各種人稱)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想，動(dòng)詞用\"had + 過去分詞\"形式。例如：
He acted as if he were smoking . 他那舉動(dòng)好像他抽煙似的。
They talked as if they had been friends for years . 他們說話很親熱，就像多年的老朋友似的。
3 . 如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去式，從句中的動(dòng)詞往往可以用陳述語氣，不用虛擬語氣。例如：
I heard a noise as if she was crying . 我聽到一種聲音，好象她在哭泣似的。
He walked past me as if I didn\'t exist . 他從我身旁經(jīng)過時(shí)，好象我不存在似的。
4 . as if 引起從句不用虛擬語氣，用陳述語氣的情況有：
如果句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞 look , feel , seem , taste , smell 等時(shí)，從句往往用陳述語氣。
It looks as if we shall have to walk home . 看來我們得步得回家了。
He looks as if he is going to smile . 他看起來象要微笑似的。
如果所描述的行為本身就是一種事實(shí)時(shí)，通常用陳述語氣。
The astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor . 宇航員們感到他們好象是被壓在船艙上了。
說話者認(rèn)為屬于事實(shí)的成分比較大，假設(shè)的成分較小時(shí)，一般用陳述語氣。試比較：
He walks as if he were drunk . (沒有醉酒)
He is walking this way and that as if he is drunk . (醉酒的可能性很大)
● No matter + 疑問詞及其它
本單元的另一個(gè)語法學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目是 no matter + 疑問詞。一般說來，No matter + 疑問詞(what , when , etc . )表示\"不管(無論)什么，何時(shí)\"等等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中主要作用是來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
No matter what happened , he wouldn\'t say a word . 無論發(fā)生什么事，他都守口如瓶。
No matter what difficulties she met , she was going to be a singer . 不管會(huì)遇到什么困難，她決意要當(dāng)歌唱家。
No matter how busy he was , he always came to see me . 無論他多么忙還總是來看我。
在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，與上述結(jié)構(gòu)有相同意思和用法的結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問句 + ever。
Whatever happened , he would not say a word .
不過，在使用疑問句 + ever 時(shí)，有以下幾點(diǎn)用法需要注意。
★ 引導(dǎo)主語從句或賓語從句時(shí)，只能用\"疑問詞 + ever \"，而不能用\"no matter + 疑問詞\"。
Whoever smokes here will be punished . 無論誰在這抽煙都要受到懲罰。
Beggars will eat whatever they are given . 饑不擇食。
★\"疑問詞 + ever\"可以用作修飾名詞的關(guān)系形容詞。
Take whatever books you like best . 拿你最喜歡的書吧。
★\"疑問詞 + ever \"搭配連用時(shí)，可用來加強(qiáng)語氣，用在特殊問句中，表示\"到底、究竟(= at all)的意思。
What ever do you want ? 你到底要些什么 ?
How ever did I forget it ? 我怎么竟然把它忘了 ?
★\"no matter\"可以單獨(dú)用在句中或用作表語，意思是 it doesn\'t matter (不要緊)，never mind (沒關(guān)系)。
It makes no matter whether he likes it or not . 他喜歡不喜歡都沒有關(guān)系。
It is no matter whether you get there early or late . = It doesn\'t matter whether you get there early or late . 你早晚到那兒都沒關(guān)系。
No matte , madam . 不要緊，夫人。
★ No matter 與 who , what , where , when…. 連用時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
No matter where you go , she\'ll love you . 無論你走到哪里，她都會(huì)愛你的。
★\"no matter + 疑問詞\"放在句末時(shí)，往往不需要?jiǎng)釉~跟在后面。
I\'ll always believe you , no matter what . (不用 happen)不論發(fā)生什么，我都會(huì)相信你的。
〖針對練習(xí)〗
用\"no matter + 疑問詞\"或\"疑問詞 + ever\"填空
1 . ______ you go , you\'ll find your friends .
2 . I\'ll eat _______ you gave me .
3 . _______ he says , I\'ll do it .
4 . _______ he is in trouble , I\'ll be ready to help him .
5 . _______ she says should be considered .
6 . The teacher will give a medal to _______ studies hardest .
7 . You may take ______ gifts you want .
8 . _______ made you so angry ?
9 . _______ promise to buy you a car ?
10 . ______ have you made so great progress ?
11. baggage it is , it will be kept until the owner returns .
答案：1 . Wherever / No matter where 2 . whatever 3 . Whatever / No matter what 4 . Whenever / No matter when 5 . Whatever 6 . whoever 7 . whatever 8 . What ever / Who ever 9 . Who ever 10 . How ever 11. No matter whose
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
● 哪些詞能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
◇ 用連詞 though 和 although，譯成漢語為\"雖然……但是……\"。后者的語氣稍正式些。要注意的是：英語中用了 though (although)，在主句中不要再加 but 。但他們可以與副詞 still 和 yet 等連用，加強(qiáng)語氣。
Although it was quite late , we were still working in the fields . 雖然時(shí)間很晚了，但我們還在田里工作著。
◇ 用 if 或 even if , 譯成漢語為\"即使……\"。
If we failed in this English examination , at least we did our best . 即使我們在這次英語考試中失敗我們至少盡了最大努力。
I\'ll go even if it rain . 即使天下雨，我也要去。
◇ 用 whether ，譯成漢語為\"不論\"。
Whether it may rain or not , I\'ll do morning exercises . 不論天下雨不下雨，我都做早操。
◇ 用 even when ，譯成漢語為\"縱然……\"等含義。
Even when it was raining heavily , he refused to take an umbrella . 縱然天在下大雨，他也拒絕帶雨傘。
◇ 用 while , 它和 if , when 所引出的讓步狀語從句是通過連詞在句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與主句的內(nèi)容在意義上相反。
While I appreciated (重視) the honour , I could not accept the position . 盡管我 重視榮譽(yù)，但是我不能接受那個(gè)職位。
◇ 用 as ，但語序要倒裝。
Poor as he is ( = Though he is poor) , he is honest . 雖然他貧窮，但他誠實(shí)。
◇ 用連接代詞(副詞) whatever , whichever , whoever , wherever , whenever 和 however 等來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
Whatever happens , (=No matter what) , we\'ll carry on the experiment . 不管怎么樣，我們要繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。
He will never succeed , however hard he tries . 無論他如何努力嘗試，他都不會(huì)成功。
● 條件在哪里 ？
請先看這樣兩句話：
1 . Without electricity human life would be quite different today .
2 . Given more attention , the trees could have grown better .
以上兩句都是虛似條件句，但在這些句子卻看不到 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，那么，它們的條件在哪里呢 ?
1 . 在 without 等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語里，without 是最常見的用來表示條件的介詞，意思是\"若沒有\(zhòng)"等。
Plants couldn\'t grow without air . 沒有空氣植物就不能生活。(without air = if there weren\'t air)
Without your advice , he couldn\'t have succeeded . 若不是你的忠告，他不可能成功。(without your advice = if it hadn\'t been for your advice)
另外 under 也常用來表示條件。
We could have done better under more favorable conditions . 在更有利的條件下，我們能干得更好。
2 . 在but for 或 except for 引導(dǎo)的短語里，but for 與 except for 意義接近，可譯作\"要不是……\"，等于 if it hadn\'t been for 。
But for the rain , we should have had a pleasant journey . 要不是下雨， 我們旅途愉快的。
But for your coming , I should have been very lonely . 要不是你來，我會(huì)感到寂寞的。
Except for you , I should be dead by now . . 要不是因?yàn)槟悖�我活不到現(xiàn)在。
She would have left her husband except for the children . 若不是為了孩子，她早就離開她丈夫了。
3 . 用分詞表示。
Invited , I would have come with you . (=If I had been invited , I would … )要是受到邀請，我會(huì)跟你一塊去的。
I\'d come and see you in Austria , given the chance . (= … if I were given the chance . )有機(jī)會(huì)的話，我會(huì)到奧地利去看你。
4 . 隱含在 but 引導(dǎo)的并列句中。
We would have given you a ride this morning , / but the car was full . ( = … this morning if the car hadn\'t been full . )今天上午我們本可以讓你搭我們的車的，但車上人滿了。
He could have passed the driving test , but he was too nervous . 他原本能夠通過駕駛考試的，不過他太緊張了。
5 . 隱含在副詞 otherwise (否則，不然的話，等于 if not)。
It snowed heavily , Otherwise , I could have arrived earlier . 天下了大雪，不然的話，我會(huì)早到的。(此處，otherwise = if it hadn\'t snowed heavily)
6 . 隱含在 but that 引導(dǎo)的從句里。這里 but 為介詞，but that 的意思是\"若不是……\"。
I\'d have come with you but that I was so busy . (= I\'d have come with you if I hadn\'t been so busy . )我要是不忙，會(huì)跟你一塊兒去的。
He would have helped us but that he was short of money . (= He would have helped us if he hadn\'t been short of money . )要不是那時(shí)他缺錢，他會(huì)幫助我們的。
7 . 隱含在上下文的語境中。
－ We could have walked to the station . It was so near . 我們本可以步行去車站，它這么近。
－ Yes . A taxi wasn\'t necessary . 對，當(dāng)時(shí)乘出租車是不必要的。 (MET\'92)
此句上下文隱含了\"如果不乘出租車的話\"這個(gè)條件(車站很近，乘出租車沒必要。)
I would have acted as he did . 我不會(huì)象他那樣干的。(隱含的條件是：\"如果我要干的活if I had done it。\")
在下一個(gè)例句中，隱含的條件更不難體會(huì)。
Before liberation , years like these would have meant certain death for many people . Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their children .
解放前要是碰到這樣的年景，很多人肯定會(huì)死掉，許多人會(huì)逃荒要飯，許多人會(huì)被迫賣兒賣女。
【妙文賞析】
A Bullet in Mr Hand\'s Back
Mr Hand was very strong when he studied in a middle school . He liked (1) and his favourite game was running . So he won several (2) at the sports meetings . He had hoped to go to college before the (3) broke out . He was told to join the army and he (4) the front . He was very brave and was hardly (5) anything . But one day he was badly wounded and his (6) sent him to the field hospital at once . The doctors tried their best to (7) him , but a bullet (子彈) was in his back and they couldn\'t bring it out when he was being (8) on . Having come out of hospital , Mr Hand was (9) by a police station . He worked hard but he often had a (10) in his back and had to go to the hospital . But the (11) in his town could not help him and advised him to go to a (12) hospital in the capital . He (13) their suggestion and started . His friends saw him off at the (14) . As the planes were often hijacked (劫持) , at the (15) he was stopped and the policemen told him to hand over all his things that were made of (16) .
\"I\'m sorry to tell you , sir , \"said Mr Hand . \"I can\'t (17) you unless you use knives ! \"
\"Are you having a (18) with us , sir ? \"called out an officer .
\"Don\'t be (19) , sir , \"Mr Hand said with a smile . \"I\'m trying to have the bullet (20) out ! \"
Having heard his explanation , the officer let him in .
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
1 . A . lessons B . sports C . reading D . writing
2 . A . medals B . chances C . plans D . projects
3 . A . hire B . earthquake C . war D . flood
4 . A . left B . was left C . sent to D . was sent to
5 . A . afraid of B . tired of C . in need of D . interested in
6 . A . officers B. officials C . soldiers D . secretaries
7 . A . rescue B . save C . encourage D . explain
8 . A . examined B . checked C . operated D . treated
9 . A . borrowed B . employed C . stationed D . elected
10 . A . mark B . disease C . pain D . result
11 . A . doctors B . scientists C . folks D . relatives
12 . A . near B . old C . good D . better
13 . A . accepted B .received C . appreciated D . thanked
14 . A . railway station B . airport C . port D . bus stop
15 . A . plane B . office C . exit D . entrance
16 . A . medal B . model C . metal D . plastic
17 . A . see B . look at C . hear D . listen to
18 . A . joke B . arguing C . problem D . communicating
19 . A . sad B . afraid C . angry D . astonished
20 . A . sent B . brought C . finding D . dug
〖答案〗 1 . B 2 . A 3 . C 4 . D 5 . A 6 . C 7 . B 8 . D 9 . B 10 . C 11 . A 12 . D 13 . A 14 . B 15 . D 16 . C 17 . D 18 . A 19 . C 20 . B
〖釋疑〗1. 從下一句 his favourite game was running 可以確定應(yīng)選 sports 。2. 在運(yùn)動(dòng)回上自然是獲得獎(jiǎng)?wù)�，故選 medals 。3. 從上下文可以知道他不是生長在和平的年代（He was told to join the army .），故選war 。4. 保家衛(wèi)國就會(huì)被派往前線，所以選D。5. 從very brave 和 hardly 可以知道他英勇無畏，選A。6. 在戰(zhàn)場受傷只能是戰(zhàn)友們伸出友愛的手把他送到戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)院，故只能選 C。7. 受重傷已經(jīng)脫離在戰(zhàn)場的險(xiǎn)境，面臨的就是搶救他的性命，rescue 是營救，save 是搶救生命，所以選 B。8. 動(dòng)手術(shù)符合語境。9. 康復(fù)出院后應(yīng)是被雇傭，所以選B。10. 由于前面的伏筆中有背部子彈未取出，現(xiàn)在疼痛是在所難免的，所以選C。11. 既然建議他當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院無能為力，愛莫能助，只有醫(yī)生說出此言。12. 從 in the capital 暗示出只有條件好的大醫(yī)院才能取出他背部的子彈。并不是醫(yī)院舊或離當(dāng)?shù)亟�就能如原以嘗。13. 從started(出發(fā))知他接受了（accepted）建議，不只是接到(received)建議。14. 下文 planes 的提示說明朋友在機(jī)場送行。15. 根據(jù)常識(shí)在入境出接受海關(guān)檢查，只有 entrance 符合此意。16. 對人有危險(xiǎn)的器物恐怕金屬類的比較現(xiàn)實(shí)，故選 metal。17. 幽默在于 Mr Hand 并沒有什么惡意，自己身上的子彈只有用手術(shù)刀才能解決問題。可對方卻產(chǎn)生理解上的偏差，故用listen to sb 表達(dá)服從之意。18. 從檢查人員的大聲喊叫（called out）中可以感受到請Mr Hand 不要開玩笑而妨礙公事。19. Mr Hand 一看對方臉色和反應(yīng)不對勁，知道自己的話引起了誤會(huì)，故笑容滿面（with a smile）地向怒氣沖沖的警察們解釋說明。故選C。20. have sth + done 是讓……被。bring out 取出。dig out 不符合實(shí)際。
【思維體操】
　
世界名人系列 NMET閱讀理解 (2)
Abraham Lincoln
When Abraham Lincoln took office in March of 1861 , James Buchanan said to him, \"If you are as happy on entering the White House as I\'m leaving it , you are the happiest man in this country . \" Difficult times lay ahead for Lincoln , and both men knew it . Seven Southern States had already left the Union , four more states would soon follow them . The start of the Civil War was only weeks away . Many people doubted (懷疑) Lincoln\'s ability to pull the Union together . He was just a country lawyer . He had only a few years of schooling , and he had served one term in Congress (國會(huì)) . His only real fame came from a series of debates (辯論) over slavery . Lincoln\'s firm s

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