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初三Unit 15 A doctor for animals
Unit 15 A doctor for animals
一、本單元知識(shí)目標(biāo)
1.掌握以下單詞及用法：
grateful, tail, lonely, success, mostly, pig, education, countryside, treat, regard, exactly, keep, experience, painful, rock, story, grab, crash, mobile, least
2.理解以下單詞：
rewarding, wag, vet, heal, injection, earthquake
3.掌握以下詞組及用法：
make up one's mind, regard... as..., at all, at least
4.靈活運(yùn)用以下句式進(jìn)行交際：
表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
We can find ….我們能找到……
喜好和厭惡 Like and dislikes
I like …. 我喜歡……
I really love …. 我真的喜歡……
I like to work with …. 我喜歡和……工作
Do you like being …? 你愿意成為……嗎？
請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答 Asking for permission and responses
- Can I ask you some questions? 我能問您一些問題嗎？
- Sure. 當(dāng)然可以。
5.語法
The Infinitive 動(dòng)詞不定式
二、本單元課文難點(diǎn)講解 第57課重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識(shí)的分析
1. Do you like being a doctor for animals? 您喜歡當(dāng)獸醫(yī)嗎？
句中的being 可以用to be 的形式表示。如：
I like to be an English teacher. 我喜歡當(dāng)一名英語教師。
句中a doctor for an animals 可以用an animal doctor 的形式表示。如：
He is a famous animal doctor from England. 他是來自英國的著名獸醫(yī)。
2. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 當(dāng)獸醫(yī)很值得。
句中rewarding是形容詞，意思是"有報(bào)酬的；有用的；有益的"。如：
You will find this book very rewarding. 你將發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書是非常有益的。
3. I'd like to work with animals better.
相比人類而言我更喜歡為動(dòng)物服務(wù)。
work (hard) at: 努力學(xué)習(xí)，work on：繼續(xù)工作；work out：想出計(jì)算出，制訂；at work (on ): (人)在工作，從事于……，忙于……，比如：
① English is so important that we must work hard at it.
② It was very late , but he was still working on without supper.
③ He has already worked out these maths problems , so he feels very happy.
4. To help animals is helping people. 幫助動(dòng)物就是幫助人類。
句中helping是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾people。
分詞有兩種，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞，一種是過去分詞。這兩種分詞在句子中能擔(dān)任的成分大體相同，主要是在意思上有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)之分�，F(xiàn)在分詞一般有主動(dòng)的意思，過去分詞一般有被動(dòng)的意思，有時(shí)表示的時(shí)間也不相同。試看兩種分詞的主要差別。如：
He is a promising young man. 他是一個(gè)很有培養(yǎng)前途的青年。
This is a pressing problem. 這是個(gè)緊急問題。
He is an interesting man. 他是個(gè)有趣的人。
He's very interested in the man. 他對(duì)那個(gè)男人非常感興趣。
The news is exciting. 這消息很激動(dòng)人心。
We were excited to hear it. 聽了這事我們很激動(dòng)。
第58課重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識(shí)的分析
1. There is a famous animal doctor from England who wrote many books about animals. 一位英國著名獸醫(yī)，他寫了許多關(guān)于動(dòng)物方面的書。
句中from England 介詞短語做定語，和who wrote many books about animals 從句做定語同時(shí)修飾doctor。
2. He grew up with a pet dog named Don. 他與被叫Don 的愛犬一起長大。
句中named 是過去分詞做定語，修飾dog。
named 相當(dāng)于called 或with the name，意思是"被叫做……"
The boy called John is my classmate. =
The boy named John is my classmate. =
The boy with the name John is my classmate. 叫約翰的那個(gè)男孩是我的同學(xué)。
3. He made up his mind to be a vet．他下定決心要成為一名獸醫(yī)。
make up one's mind是"下定決心"的意思，其后常接不定式。one's必須和其相應(yīng)的主語保持一致。如果主語為復(fù)數(shù)，mind也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
�。�1）I've made up my mind．我已決定了。
（2）He needs someone to make up his mind for him．他需要?jiǎng)e人替他作決定。
（3）The students in Class 1 all made their minds to study hard．一班的全體同學(xué)都下定了決心要努力學(xué)習(xí)�！�
4. They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他們把寵物視為家庭成員。
句中regard … as意思是"將……視為"。如：
I regard him as my brother. 我將他當(dāng)成我的兄弟。
He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被視為是城內(nèi)最好的醫(yī)生了。
5. Later in his life, James Herriot wrote a lot about his experience as a country vet in Yorkshine, England. 在赫瑞爾的晚年，他根據(jù)在英國約克郡當(dāng)鄉(xiāng)村獸醫(yī)時(shí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)寫下許多著作。
句中的as 是介詞，意思是"作為，當(dāng)作"。如：
I have come here as a journalist. 我是以記者身份到這里來的。
As a student, you must study hard for the people. 作為一名學(xué)生，你必須努力為人民而學(xué)習(xí)。
6. No matter how much he loved all kinds of animals, he loved dogs the best. 不管他多么喜歡各種各樣的動(dòng)物，他還是最喜歡狗的。
句中no matter作連詞用，意思是"不管"。如：
No matter how hot it is! 不管多么熱。
Don't trust him, no matter what he says or does. 他不管說什么，做什么，都不要信任他。
Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 不管他說什么，你都不要信任他。
Don't believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. 不論是誰說的，都不要相信這謠言。
No matter where she is, I must find her. 不論她在哪兒，我都要找到她。
第60課重點(diǎn)例句及相關(guān)知識(shí)的分析
1. Mrs Parley said she felt as if they were in a storm at sea. 帕利太太說她覺得好象是在海上乘船遇到了風(fēng)暴似的。
句中as if 相當(dāng)于as though "仿佛……似",注意：當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，as if從句用一般過去時(shí)；當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，as if從句用表示過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他說起英語來好像一個(gè)英國人似的。
He acted as if （as though） nothing had happened. 他表現(xiàn)得似乎沒有發(fā)生什么事。
She loves the child as if he were here own. 她愛這孩子如同愛自己的孩子一樣。
此外，as if （as though）后可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式。如：
She raised her hand as though （as if） to hang the picture on the wall. 她舉手象要把這幅畫掛在墻上。
He raised his hand as though to take off his hat. 他舉起手來，像要脫帽似的。
2. She tried hard to reach the baby's room… but the house broke in two, dropping her to the first floor and leaving the baby's bed hanging in the edge of the two-story house. 他盡力地到達(dá)嬰兒房間，但是房子裂成了兩半，把她摔到了樓下，而嬰兒的小床留在上面，搭在這座二層樓的邊緣上，搖搖欲墜。
由dropping 和leaving 組成的兩個(gè)-ing形式短語在句中作伴隨情況狀語。如：
They came into the room laughing and talking. 他們說說笑笑地走進(jìn)屋來。
Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本詞典，開始準(zhǔn)備功課。
3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……與此同時(shí)床墜落到了一樓。
4. It is true to say a dog is man's best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事實(shí)上說狗是人類最好的朋友，起碼是羅特的最好的朋友。
* 句中it是形式主語，to say a dog動(dòng)詞不定式是真實(shí)主語。
句中it作先行代詞用。It在句中充當(dāng)形式主語或形式賓語，而將真正的和邏輯上的主語或賓語（通常用不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句表示）移到后面去。如：
It is very important for us to learn English. （it代替不定式to learn English做形式主語）我們學(xué)習(xí)英語是十分重要的。
It takes much time to carry out a test. （it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主語）進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)是要花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間的。
it 作形式賓語：在具有賓語補(bǔ)語的句子里，it在動(dòng)詞后作直接賓語的先行代詞，在賓語補(bǔ)語后面再出現(xiàn)真正的直接賓語（一般以不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語表示，但也有用that引出一個(gè)賓語從句）。如：
I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在課堂上學(xué)習(xí)有點(diǎn)兒難，因?yàn)槲乙恢痹谙胫挛绲谋荣悺?br />
We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我們認(rèn)為學(xué)好計(jì)算機(jī)是有用的。
* at least 意思是"至少，起碼"。如：
At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能給你十美元。
at least 的反義詞是at most 意思是"至多"。
I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。
三、本單元詞語辨析
1．a(chǎn)lone和lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近，但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別：
lonely用作形容詞，意思是"孤單的；寂寞的"。可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語，也可作定語。alone 可作形容詞和副詞，意思是"單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自"，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。
例：feel lonely（√）；a lonely traveller（√）
be alone（√）；a alone house（×）
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上，自己居住，但她從不感到寂寞。
2. before long和 long before
before long 作"不久以后"講，切不要按字面譯為"長時(shí)間以前"或"好久以前"。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。
long before 作"很久以前"講。原意為"……以前很久"，故也可譯為"老早"。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句；當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí)，名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我們昨天開始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。
3. as, when, while
as 是連詞，意思是"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，一面……一面"，（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正當(dāng)我們談?wù)?泰坦尼克號(hào)"這部電影時(shí)，教師進(jìn)來了。
The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。
When和as一樣都是連詞，注意它們的不同。如when"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"（一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生）；"那時(shí)"（等立連詞，前有逗號(hào)分開）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時(shí)天開始下雨了。
while是"當(dāng)……時(shí)候；和……同時(shí)"（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候，他正在看書。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
四、本單元語法重點(diǎn)
The Infinitive （3）動(dòng)詞不定式（三）
用作主語
動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是to+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞不定式(或不定式短語)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不作謂語，動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞的特征，因此它在句子中可以作主語。比如：
① To learn a foreign language is not easy. 學(xué)好一門外語不容易。
② To play in the street is dangerous. 在街上玩很危險(xiǎn)。
③ To grow plants is very important. 種些植物很重要。
注意，作主語用的動(dòng)詞不定式常常為it替代放在句子開頭，動(dòng)詞不定式(或短語)通常放在謂語后面，但翻譯時(shí)可不必將it譯出來，上面幾個(gè)句子還可表述為：
① It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
② It is dangerous to play in the street.
③ It is important to grow plants.
如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語。
It's important for us to learn a foreign language.
對(duì)我們來說學(xué)好一門外語很重要。
It's a little painful to get an injection. 注射有一點(diǎn)疼。
It's not interesting to work in a hospital. 在醫(yī)院工作不是很有趣。
五、同步練習(xí)
用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. I don't know when ______(have) a picnic.
2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work ______(do).
3. It's impossible for us ______(finish) the work in such a short time.
4. teacher asked us ______(be) careful when we crossed the road.
5. Last week they went to the farm ______(help) the farmers with their work.
6. She wants ______(be) a doctor when she grows up.
7. How long does it take you ______(get) to the factory by bus?
8. My mother never lets me ______(play) football after lunch.
六、同步練習(xí)答案及講解
1． to have（這是帶有疑問詞的動(dòng)詞不定式，在句中做賓語。）
2． to do（不定式做定語，修飾work。）
3． to finish（動(dòng)詞不定式做主語。）
4． to be（不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。）
5． to help（不定式做狀語。）
6． to be（不定式做賓語。）
7． to get（不定式做主語。）
8． play（不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。有些動(dòng)詞如：let，make，feel，have，hear，see，watch等后面的動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式省掉to。）
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