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上學期 Unit 12 Mainly revision
教學目標
教學目標與要點
1．掌握本單元的詞匯和部分短語的用法。如：so far，send up，make up，put off，etc.
2．能正確表達兩地距離，根據(jù)列車里程表進行分析。
3．能熟練談論"購物、選擇電視節(jié)目、物品的產(chǎn)地和用途"等話題，掌握相關的日常用語。
4．學習構詞法：n + n → n；n + ing／-en → adj；v + er/ or →n；如：fire + place = fireplace，interest - interesting, print - printer
5．認真學習課文"The Universe and Man - made Satellites"，擴大知識面，了解航天等前沿科技。
6．復習、歸納動詞不定式、被動語態(tài)的構成和用法及相關注意事項，省去to的動詞不定式，必須加上to的被動語態(tài)等。如：help sb．do sth，be made to do sth．
本單元詞組和日常交際用語
(一) 本單元詞組和短語
send sb an email 給……發(fā)電子郵件
different parts of the computer 電腦的不同部件
put … together 把……連在一起；組裝……指向……
put information into the computer 把信息輸入電腦
provide information on a screen 在屏幕上提供信息
point at… 指向……
talk about… 談論……
travel around… 圍繞……運行
send up … into… 往……發(fā)射…..
spaceships without people 無人的宇宙飛船
use … to do … 用……做……
send and receive messages 發(fā)射和接受信息
with the help (of) 在（……的）幫助下
all the time 始終
thanks to… 歸功于；幸虧……
people from different countries 來自不同國家的人們
no smoking 禁止吸煙
computer room 微機室；電腦房
spend time alone 獨自打發(fā)時間
（二）日常交際用語和句型
It is about … kilometres from … to…. 從…… 到…… 大約…… 公里。
How many kilometers by train / plane / boat / car …is it from … to…? 從……到……坐火車/坐飛機/坐船/坐轎車大約……公里。
I want to let you choose what to do. 我想讓你選擇該干什么。
教學建議一
教材內(nèi)容分析
本單元是復習單元，我們要復習鞏固前面所學5個單元的內(nèi)容，主要是復習一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式的用法，還有表達計量和距離等的數(shù)字表示法。本單元還學習了一些常用詞組和簡單的構詞方法。通過對課文“The Universe and Man - made Satellites”的學習，我們要了解一些有關太空的常識，來激發(fā)學習的積極性，提高學習英語的興趣。課文中出現(xiàn)有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。同時，我們要能夠讀懂列車里程表，能熟練地談論“購物、選擇電視節(jié)目”等話題，掌握相關日常用語。
本單元重點例句及詞語辨析
1. I hope I can make my own computer that way someday. 我希望有朝一日我能在家里用那種方式制造我自己的電腦。
Someday (some day)和one day 都可以表示“總有一天；有朝一日”的意思。
【例】 Someday we’ll go there to visit you though you are too far away from us. We are all going to stay together one day. 雖然你離我們很遠，但有朝一日我們一定去看你。總有一天我們會在一起的。
2．I’m sure you can. 我確信你行。
be sure 意為“確信；確定；肯定”，其有三種用法：be sure of sth, be sure to do sth和be sure that從句。
【例】
(1) Are you sure that he is honest?
你能肯定他老實嗎？
(2)— Are you sure of it?
— Yes, I am sure.
— 你對這事有把握嗎？
— 是的，我確信。
(3)— Be sure to write to me as soon as you get there.
— Of course.
— 你一到那里一定給我寫信。
— 當然。
3. When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space between them. 當我們談論宇宙時，我們指的是地球，太陽，月亮，星星以及它們之間的宇宙空間。
(1) 當我們談論獨一無二的事物說，要在前面加上“the”。如the earth, the sun, the moon。sky的前面必須加the。
(2) 關于space, universe, sky三個詞匯的區(qū)別
space含“宇宙空間”之意，指大氣層以外的太空領域，其前不用冠詞，space有時指“間隙；空間”，為不可數(shù)名詞。；universe含“宇宙萬物”之意，指物質，如星星、太陽、月球等，其前常用定冠詞the；sky指從地球上看，頭頂之上的“天空”，通常與定冠詞連用，多用單數(shù)形式，如果前在面有形容詞修飾，則用“a(an)+形容詞+sky”句式。
【例】
Nobody can tell exactly information about when the universe first came into being. But the spaceship travelled through space to the moon brings us hope to study it. Now satellites are used for studying the universe. And we are sure it is not God who makes the universe. We can see a clear, blue sky, and someday we will know more about it. There is no space for doubt. Is it right?
沒人能準確說出宇宙是什么時候產(chǎn)生的。但是宇宙飛船登陸月球給我?guī)硌芯克南Ｍ，F(xiàn)在衛(wèi)星用于研究宇宙。我們確信了不是上帝創(chuàng)造了宇宙。我們能看到一個湛藍、明朗的天空，總有一天，我們會了解到更多。我們沒有懷疑的余地。不是嗎？
4. The moon travels round the earth. 月球圍繞地球轉。
�。�1）travel 在句中意為move, go等，travel還可作“旅行；傳播”講，
【例】He has never travelled to the big cities in the north of China.他從沒有旅行過中國北方的大城市。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲音傳播得快。
�。�2）round, around兩詞都可與動詞連用，但與前者連用的動詞具有活動性；與后者連用的動詞帶有靜止性，
【例】The students are running round a chair to play a game. 學生們正圍著椅子跑，做游戲。
We often sit around the old man and listen to his interesting stories. 我們經(jīng)常圍坐在那個老人周圍聽他講有趣的故事。
5. Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.
satellite，plane與star這三個單詞有相近的含義，但它們的用法各不相同。satellite表示“衛(wèi)星”，planet表示“行星”，star表示“星星”。
(1)satellite具體來說，有兩種含義：一種是指衛(wèi)星，也就是說圍繞行星運行的天體，它本是不發(fā)光。
【例】The moon is a satellite of the earth．
月亮是地球的衛(wèi)星。
另一種意義是人造衛(wèi)星，即：圍繞著某個天體轉的由人類發(fā)射的衛(wèi)星。
【例】A new artificial satellite has been launched again by China．
中國又發(fā)射了一顆新人造衛(wèi)星。
其他與satellite連用的名詞。
【例】a satellite station 衛(wèi)星電臺
a manned satellite 載入衛(wèi)星
(2) planet是“行星”，也就是說圍繞太陽運轉的天體，本身不發(fā)光，只能反射太陽光。例如：
Do you know the nine major planets?
你知道九大行星嗎？
�。ň艂�行星是：Mercury 水星；Venus金星；the Earth地球；Mars火星；Jupiter 木星； Saturn土星；Uranus天王星；Neptune海王星；Pluto冥王星）
(3) star是“恒星；星星”，它有兩層含義：一是泛指夜晚我們天空中見到的所有的天體；二是其本身能發(fā)光和熱的天體。
【例】the evening star 昏星
the morning star 晨星
the North star 北極星
另外：star還有其他的意義：
the Red Flag with Five Stars 五星紅旗
film stars 影星（電影明星）
famous stars明星
6. So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon, but spaceships without people have reached other parts of the universe. 到目前為止，還沒有人到達比月球更遠的地方，但是無人駕駛宇宙飛船已經(jīng)到達宇宙的其他地方。
(1) so far 的意思是到目前為止，可解釋成“until now, up to now”。
【例】They have been to many cities in the south so far. 到目前為止，他們已經(jīng)去過許多城市了。= They have been to many cities in the south up to now.
(2) without的意思是“無；沒有”。它可以用來完成同義句的改寫。
【例】Fish can’t live if there is no water. 魚兒離不開水。= Fish can’t live without water.
(3) These satellites go round the earth and … 這些衛(wèi)星圍繞地球運行……
注意：客觀存在的事實在表示一般過去時的句子中做賓語從句，依舊用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示客觀真理。如：Our teacher told us that the sun is round.
7. Our knowledge of the universe is growing all the time. 我們對宇宙的認識一直在增長。
(1) knowledge是know的名詞形式，作“知識；學問”講，是不可數(shù)名詞。one’s knowledge of…的意思是“對……的認識/了解。”knowledge 的前面若有定語修飾，可與a連用，表示“對……某種程度的了解”。
【例】Your knowledge of English is weak. He has a good knowledge of study.
你的英語知識較差。他對學習很在行。
(2) grow作及物動詞時，表示“種植”；作不及物動詞時，表示“生長；成長；增長；發(fā)展；漸漸變成”等意思。
【例】Chinese people are growing more trees to protect their environment．Those trees are growing well．中國人民正在種更多的樹以保護環(huán)境。那些樹長得很好。
She has grown into a pretty girl．But she grows older and older as well．
她長成了一個漂亮的姑娘。但她同時（年紀）也變得越來越大了。
(3) all the time的意思是“一直”，在句中作狀語。
【例】We have been here all the time．我們一直都在這兒。
8. The world itself is becoming a much smaller place and people from different countries
now understand each other better. 世界的本身正變得更小，來自不同國家的人們彼此間能更好地相互了解。
反身代詞itself在句中做主語the world 的同位語。
【例】Tom himself learns English day and night. I myself will go to the farm to help the farmers.
湯姆自己日日夜夜地學習英語。我自己也將去農(nóng)場幫助農(nóng)民。
9．Man-made satellites are about 8,000 kilometres away from the earth．
人造衛(wèi)星離地球大約有八千公里遠。
(1) 這是距離的一種表示方法，距離的表示方法還有：
It’s about 200 metres from my home to our school. = Our school is about 200 metres from my home.
從我家到學校大約有二百米。
The city is about two thousand kilometres by train (from here)．
（從這兒）乘火車去那座城市約有二千公里。
It’s two hours by plane from here to that city.
從這兒乘飛機到那座城市需要二小時。
The post office is about ten minutes’ walk from here．
從這兒步行去郵局大約要十分鐘。
(2) earth, world與globe
1) earth作“地球”解，需加the。：
【例】We live on the earth. 我們生活在地球上。
The moon goes round the earth. 月亮圍著地球轉。
In the Middle Ages it was generally believed that the earth was the center of the universe.
中世紀時，一般人都相信地球是宇宙的中心。
Do you know what the earth satellite is?
你知道什么是地球衛(wèi)星嗎？
2) on earth 有兩種意思：第一種含義等于in the world，用在不定詞或疑問詞what, who when, where, why, how的后面，作強調語。
【例】No force in the world / on earth can hold back the wheel of history.
沒有任何力量可以阻止歷史車輪的前進。
What on earth/in the world is the matter there?
那里究竟發(fā)生了什么事情？
Where in the world/on earth can he be?
他到底在哪兒呢？
He didn’t know how in the world/on earth to answer．
他不知道究竟如何回答。
第二種含義：on earth表示“在世界上，在人間”，不用冠詞，在這個意義上，on earth等于in the world。
【例】China is one of the greatest nations on earth/in the world．
中國是世界上最偉大的國家之一。
She must be the happiest woman on earth/in the world．
她一定是天底下最幸福的女性。
3）world是“世界”，兼指“全世界的人”。
【例】The whole world is hoping that there will be a lasting peace．
全世界都希望有一個持久的和平。
Egyptian civilization is among the oldest in the world．
埃及文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。
This is an event that shook the world．
這是震撼世界的事件。
4）包含world，earth的短語。
【例】the world to come 來世
bring…into the world 生孩子
before the world 公然地
give to the world 出版，發(fā)表
take earth �。ê龋┨尤攵磧�(nèi)
break earth 破土動工
bring sb back to earth 使某人回到現(xiàn)實
5）globe是“地球”，它與earth不一樣。 earth談的是人類所居住的行星，而globe強調形狀圓球等。
【例】Now it will take us only a few days to circle the globe by air．
現(xiàn)在我們乘飛機只需幾天的工夫就可以繞地球一周。
�。ㄟ@里強調的是：globe圓形，球狀體的地球）
a terrestrial globe 地球儀
a celestial globe 天體儀
10．How many kilometres by train is it from Nanjing to Wuhan?
從南京到武漢乘火車有多遠？
這是一個問兩地距離的句型。it 代表距離，from … to 表示“從某處到某處”。
How many kilometres by air is it from Shanghai to Beijing ?
it在句中指代“路程”，同時，它也可以指代“時間，天氣，人物”等。
It is colder in Hefei than in Wuhu. 合肥比蕪湖冷。（it指氣候）
What time is it by your watch? 你的表上是幾點鐘了？（it指時間）
It is Mike speaking. 我就是Mike. （it指人物）
還有一種詢問距離的句型，它不是具體地問有多少公里，而是問“有多遠”。句中直接用地名作主語，不用 it 作形式主語。
【例】— How far away is Sydney from Beijing ? 悉尼離北京有多遠?
— Sydney is 10, 400 kilometres away from Beijing . 悉尼離北京是10，400公里遠。
教學建議二
英語構詞法淺析
英語最常見的構詞有三種方法：轉化，合成，派生。這里我們著重向同學們介紹合成法：
即把兩個或更多的詞合在一起組成新詞（合成名詞，合成形容詞）。
1）合成名詞
名詞 + 名詞。例如：
hand +bag = handbag 手提包
school + boy = schoolboy 男學生
moon +cake = mooncake 月餅
rail + way = railway 鐵路
形容詞 + 名詞。例如：
black + bar= blackboard黑板 dead + line= deadline最后期限
high + way= highway公路 blue + prints= blueprints藍圖
動名詞 + 名詞。例如：
post +card = postcard 明信片 play +ground = playground 操場
reading + room =reading-room閱覽室 work +place = workplace 操作間
副詞 + 名詞。例如：
out + break = outbreak 爆發(fā) over + coat = overcoat 大衣
down + fall = downfall下臺 up + shot = upshot 結果
介詞 + 名詞。例如：
after +noon = afternoon 下午
to +day = today 今天
名詞 + 介詞短語。例如：
editor + in + chief = editor -in -chief 總編輯
comrade + in + arms = comrade -in -arms 戰(zhàn)友
father + in + law= father-in-law岳父
sister + in + law =sister -in - law嫂子
2）合成形容詞
形容詞 + 名詞。例如：
new + type = new –type 新式的 bare + foot = bard-foot 光腳的
形容詞 + 形容詞。例如：
bitter + sweet = bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的
blue + black = blue-black 藍黑色的
形容詞 + 分詞。例如：
fresh + looking = fresh-looking 新鮮的
ready + made = ready-made 現(xiàn)成的
名詞 + 分詞。例如：
peace + loving = peace -loving 愛好和平的
man + made = man-made 人造的
數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + ed。例如：
three + legged = three-legged 三條腿的，三只腳的
two + faced = two-faced 兩面派的。
形容詞 + 名詞 + ed。例如：
open + minded = open- minded 胸襟開闊的
white + haired = white- haired 白發(fā)蒼蒼的
7-11單元語法項目復習列表
動詞不定式（The Infinitive）
做賓語，如：He wanted to be an inventor. 他想成為一名發(fā)明家。
做賓語補足語，如：Tell her to turn it down. 告訴她將音量關小點兒。
做狀語, 如：Later he left home to work in different cities. 后來他離開家在別的地方工作了。
和疑問詞連用，如：I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。
定語，如：I must buy a pen to write with. 我必須得買只鋼筆用。
主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)(The Active Voice And The Passive Voice)
一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，如：It is used for cooking. 它是做飯用的。
一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，如；Was it made in China? 它是中國制造的嗎？
情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，如：More trees must be planted. 我們還要栽更多的樹。
數(shù)詞（Measurement）
It is ten kilometers long / wide / deep / high.
Beijing is about five hundred kilometers from here.
教學建議三
關于閱讀課文的教學建議
本單元第46課是一篇題為“The universe and man-made satellites”的課文，是一篇科技小品。為了引起學生的閱讀興趣，建議讓學生帶著問題有目的地進行閱讀，或在閱讀前讓學生猜測課文內(nèi)容，然后再閱讀課文，證實他們的猜測。具體做法是：
l．學生們討論以下問題，并試著回答這些問題。
What do we mean when we talk about the universe?
Why can’t many stars be seen?
How far is the moon away from the earth?
Has the moon been visited by man already?
Have any man-made machines travelled farther than the moon? What are they?
What do you know about the universe?
Why do we say the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller?
2．或者教師根據(jù)每個自然段內(nèi)容，設置如下概括性問題：
1) What do we mean when we talk about the universe?
2) Do you know anything about the moon? Try to say something about it.
3) What is a man-made satellite? What's it used for?
4) Please say something about people's knowledge of the universe.
教師可將學生們的回答簡單地板書在黑板的一側。然后讓他們打開書閱讀課文。
學生們閱讀后，教師帶著他們驗證猜測。在這個過程中，實際上教師是在讓學生熟悉本課的大意，并接觸課文中的句型和詞語。教師在黑板的另一側板書課文中的關鍵詞，與學生們的猜測答案相對照。下一步讓學生逐段復述課文。反復數(shù)次后，讓學生做根據(jù)課文某段所改編的完形填空題。如：
The universe means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space ______ them. Many of the stars are so ______ away that we ______ see them.
The moon, our ______, travelled ______ the earth. It has been visited _____ man in spaceships.
Man-made ______ have been sent up ______ space by many countries. They go ______ the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more ______ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and ______ messages. It makes people ______ different countries understand each other better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much ______ place. People call the small place “the global village”.
Answers:
between, far, can not, satellite, round, by, satellites, into, round, about, receiving, from, smaller
學生在做這個練習答案的過程中，即復習了本課的詞語，又掌握了與課文內(nèi)容相關的新表達方式。這樣他們完成其他練習也就不難了。教師可繼續(xù)讓他們將這個練習中的語句與課文作比較，找出異同，例如：
1) 課文—Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.
練習—Many of the stars are so far away that we cannot see them.
2) 課文—The moon travels round the earth. It is our satellite.
練習—The moon, our satellite, travels round the earth.
在這種比較過程中，學生又一次熟悉了課文內(nèi)容及詞語，特別是被動語態(tài)的用法。與此同時也鍛煉了他們的思維能力，認識到英語語言表達靈活的特點，為下一步第48課的詞匯教學做好輔墊。
關于數(shù)字表達方法的教學建議
在教授第47課時，為了給學生創(chuàng)造更多的機會，教師可提供火車列車時刻表中全國各主要城市間的距離表或世界各地航空路程表，將其放大制成掛圖，貼在黑板上�？上雀鶕�(jù) Practise的內(nèi)容，讓學生做快速的連鎖問答，使他們熟悉句型和數(shù)字，并達到脫口而出的熟練程度。然后練習Ask and answer可的材料。其中的重要句型是：
1 ) How many kilometres by train is it from… to…?
2) How far away is…from…?
3) What about …?
教師要求學生用自己的詞填入空缺的部分，這樣可以造出許多句子，而且還可以復習或預習課文中出現(xiàn)的詞語。例如：
1 ) How many li by air is it from … to…?
2) How far away is the earth from the moon?
3) What about other planet?
練習表示數(shù)量的方式有許多種，例如教師將一摞書帶到課堂上，讓學生猜每本書的頁數(shù)。
做這樣的對話：
T: How many pages do you think this book has?
SI: I think about 120.
T: No. The number is too small.
S2: What about 500?
T: Oh, that's too big.
S3: How about 250?
T: That's quite right. 265.
在初中英語第一冊和第二冊中，我們已經(jīng)陸續(xù)學習了數(shù)字的用法，教師可幫助學生回憶它們的念法，并做快速連鎖問答。還可就長度、高度、重量等做問答，例如：How long is the Yellow River? How heavy is your bag? How tall/high is that tree?等等。
關于詞語及對話練習的教學建議
本單元的生詞大部分出現(xiàn)在閱讀課文之中。而針對詞匯的練習主要由48課的2和3兩部分組成。即構詞法的部分知識和有關選擇電視節(jié)目的對話及詞語練習。
首先，在教學構詞法知識時，教師可采取提供部分例詞，要求學生通過觀察自己總結出構詞規(guī)則的方式，讓學生對構詞法知識的認識從感性認識上升到理性認識，從而印象深刻， 記憶牢固。
現(xiàn)根據(jù)構詞法將第一冊到第三冊中出現(xiàn)的有關單詞歸類如下：
復合名詞：afternoon basketball bedroom birthday blackboard bookseller bookshop breakfast classmate classroom day-time doorbell Englishman fireplace football gate-keeper gateman grandparents granddaughter grandson handbag headache headmaster headteacher hometown homework housework kilometre know-all loudspeaker mooncake motorbike northeast northwest
pencil-box penfriend photograph playground policeman postcard railway reading-room shopkeeper southeast southwest spaceship sunrise sunshine teapot teamwork volleyball weekday
名詞變形容詞：interesting surprising northern southern woolen
動詞變名詞（結尾-er/or）：
cleaner driver inventor keeper teacher speaker traveller visitor worker
其次，提供討論選擇電視或電臺節(jié)目的對話的教學過程。
建議教師先向學生展示電視和電臺節(jié)目表，如下表：
TV: 1. Programme for Children Radio: 1. Music World
2. 9—part Series: Family (2) 2. News Report
3. China Reports 3. Foreign Languages Magazine
4. Series: Women 4. Window on Chinese History
5. Chinese Programmes for Foreigners
6. Music Bridge
7. Basketball Match (Beijing Vs Henan)
將主要句型提供給學，如下：
1) Which TV/radio programme shall we watch/listen to?
2) Which TV/radio programme do you think is more interesting/enjoyable?
3) Well, I don't think any of them is interesting/enjoyable.
4) I think I shall …instead.
5) Why don't you go and … instead?
6) Good idea. That is much better than … /…is better than…
學生看表進行對話練習。按全班、半班、兩人小組操練句型，直至熟練為止。建議教師依靠表格和角色扮演等手段，讓學生先口頭熟悉對話內(nèi)容，并采取各種形式進行口頭操練，然后再據(jù)此完成不同的筆頭練習。教師應鼓勵學生積極思維，創(chuàng)造性地編出不同的對話。例如：
1) A: Which TV programme shall we watch? I can't decide.
B: Which do you think is more interesting?
A: Well, I think the children’s programme is more enjoyable.
B: Which channel is it on?
A: It is usually found on Channel 3. Try that.
B: I've tried that. But I can't get it.
2) A: What are you doing?
B: I'm trying to find our favourite TV programme—sports.
A: Have you got it yet?
B: No. I don't know which channel it is on.
A: It must be on Channel 14. Try that.
B: OK . But this is not sports.
A: Well, I don't think any of the programmes is interesting. I think I shall listen to the radio instead. Why don't you join me? It must be more enjoyable.
Lesson 45 教學設計示例
Period: The First Period
Content: Lesson 45
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Objects.
Teaching Objectives: the Passive Voice, be used for doing
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Check homework.
III. Leading in
Revise the Passive Voice again. Take out some objects to ask and answer.
What’s this in English?
What’s it made of?
Where was it made?
Do you want to buy a …?
IV. Presentation
Ask the individual: Do you have a computer? Does Laura have a computer? Where was it made? Listen to the tape or watch the flash and answer the questions, then read and act it out.
V. Practice
Part 2. Discuss the model with the students. Point out that “by people” is usually omitted.
Do the first one with the whole class as an example, then let the students work on their own, write down the answers in their exercise books. Check the answers with the whole class. Explain the new words and expressions.
1. put… into
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
2. point at
He is pointing at the map.
3. information: news
VI. Writing
Let the students practise this structure: be used for doing.
Show pictures: satellite, universe
Then let the students make sentences in their exercise books, Finally, check the answers with the whole class.
VII. Exercise in class
Fill in the blanks:
1. The moon travels round the earth. It’s our ___________.
2. There must be ___________ wrong with the radio.
3. She ___________ me a letter last week.
4. Sheep are ___________ by farmers for producing wool and meat.
5. Most of us are ___________in English. ( interested)
VIII. Homework
1. Finish off the workbook.
2. Make five sentences using “be used for doing”.
Lesson 46 教學設計示例
Period: The Second Period
Content: Lesson 46
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Pictures.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Understand the text.
2. Revise different verb tenses.
Language Focus:
1. The useful expressions: so far, with one’s help, thanks to.
2. The Present Perfect Tense.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Revise the dialogue in Lesson 45.
III. Leading in
Show some pictures that introduce the sun, the moon, the earth, space, spaceship, satellite, universe, etc.
Ask the students to look at the pictures and say: Look, this is a satellite. Today we are going to read about it. The title of the passage is “The Universe and Man - made satellite”. Watch the video about satellite and speak out what a satellite is.
After watching, let the students discuss the questions for a while. Get them to give the explanations in English.
For instance: A satellite goes round the earth. The moon is a satellite of the earth. There are many man-made satellites in the space too. Then explain that man-made is an adjective meaning made by people. “Man” in this text means “the human race”.
IV. Reading
Get the students to look at the questions below:
What do we mean when we talk about the universe?
Why can’t many stars be seen?
How far is the moon away from the earth?
Has the moon been visited by man already?
Have any man-made machines travelled farther than the moon? What are they?
What do you know about the universe?
Why do we say the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller?
Read the passage carefully and discuss the answers in pairs. Finally check the answers with the whole class.
Give the students some more background information about spaceships without people: Some spaceships have been sent to visit different planets, such as Mars, Venus and Jupiter.
Ask the students to write down the answers in the exercise books. The suggested answer to the last question is: With the help of the man-made satellites, it is easy for different countries to send and receive messages. We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries.
V. Practice
Play Speech Cassette or video for the students to listen or watch. For the second time, let the students repeat after it, at last, the students can read the passage at the same time while playing the sounds.
Give the students some free time to practice reading aloud. Then ask some of them to read in class. Check their reading. Explain:
so far: We have learned 2000 words so far.
With one’s help: With the teachers help, he caught up with the other students.
Knowledge: Our knowledge of the USA is not so good.
Thanks to: Thanks to Tom’s help, we finished the work on time.
VI. Do Exercise below:
The universe means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space ______ them. Many of the stars are so ______ away that we ______ see them.
The moon, our ______, travelled ______ the earth. It has been visited _____ man in spaceships.
Man-made ______ have been sent up ______ space by many countries. They go ______ the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more ______ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and ______ messages. It makes people ______ different countries understand each other better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much ______ place. People call the small place “the global village”.
The answers: between, far, can not, satellite, round, by, satellites, into, round, about, receiving, from, smaller
VII. Consolidation
Read the passage again, ask the students to find sentences what replace those in text.
1) Text —Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away.
Exercise —Many of the stars are so far away that we cannot see them.
2) Text —The moon travels round the earth. It is our satellite.Exercise —The moon, our satellite, travels round the earth.
VIII. Homework
1.Fill in the blanks。
Man-made s ________ have been s ________ up into space by many countries. They can be used for sending and r ________ messages. For example, w ________ their help, China can send its TV and radio p ________ to the other side of the w ________. We can also use them to help us m ________ telephone, calls to f ________ countries. T ________ to them, the world itself is becoming a much s ________ place and people from different countries. Now u ________ each other better.
2. Let the students retell the text.
3. Make six sentences using the Present Perfect Tense.
Lesson 47 教學設計示例
Period: The Third Period
Content: Lesson 47
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector.
Teaching Objectives: Revise the distance and dialogues.
Language Focus: the modal verbs, numbers.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Revise the text and ask some students to read their retellings in class. Then practise the Present -Perfect Tense.
III. Leading in
Get the students to look at the Exercise
1 ) How many kilometres by train is it from… to…?
2) How far away is…from…?
3) What about …?
Tell the students to read the model question. Let them understand this exercise, then get the students to ask and answer in pairs. Finally check the answers with the whole class.
IV. Practice
Part 2. Let the students look at the diagram, It tells us the distance between cities. Let’s look at the model first.
A: How many kilometres by train is it from Nanjing to Wuhan?
B: 1229. ( One thousand two hundred and twenty nine)
A: How many kilometres is it from Kunming to Shanghai?
B: 2677. How many....?
Ask the whole class some questions about the distance. Make sure the students can say numbers correctly. Then divide them into small groups to make up questions. At last, report their work in class.
V. Acting
Let the students read Part 3 silently. Ask them to practise in pairs. Pay attention to the modal verbs.
VI. Workbook
For Exercise 1, ask and answer in pairs.
For Exercise 3. Get the students to read over the sentences and fill in the blanks.
The answers are: was ...repaired, began, make, was told, got, decided, received, found, would be repaired
Exercises in class
Change the following sentences into Passive Voice
1. Bruce writes a letter to his parents every week.
2.Lilei mended the broken kite this morning.
3.1 must buy a Christmas present for Mr Green.
4. Li Ming can't finish the homework on time.
5. We should water the flowers twice a day.
VI. Homework
Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
Lesson 48 教學設計示例
Period: The Fourth Period
Content: Lesson 48
Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector.
Teaching Objectives:
1. Learn how to build words.
2. Practise listening.
Language Focus:
1. Word formation
2. the Passive Voice
Teaching Procedures:
I. Showing the teaching aims
II. Revision
Go through some pairs to act out their dialogues written in the exercise books.
III. Listen
Ask the students to read through the questions of Exercise I in the workbook, ask them to guess the answers before listening. Then listen carefully, check the answers with each other. Listen again and repeat. Answers: 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C
IV. Word building
Explain that in English, we can make new words by combining two words together for example:
Class + room = classroom, home + work = homework, police + man = policeman
Let the students think of other examples they have learnt. Then look at Exercise 2 in the wordbook, read through the list. Make sure the students can understand the meaning of the words. Pay attention, in American English “woolen” and “traveler” are spelt as “woolen” and “traveled”
V. Practice
Part 2. Divide the students into two groups to practise. Point out that “Which do you think is more interesting? = Which programme (of the two) is more interesting?” And the use of shall to express a decision in I think I shall read a book instead. Get the students to practise all the dialogues. Make up as many as they can. Then act it out in class.
VI. Acting
Let the students read proverbs Exercise 4. Make the students understand the Chinese meaning. Ask them to practise them after class.
VII. Practice
Get the students to look at the Exercise 5 in the workbook and have a discussion.
Ask: What activities do you do every day? What activities do you like most? What activities do you like least? Then ask the students to practise in pairs.
VIII. Writing
Ask the students to look at the pictures, let them really understand the meaning of each picture. Collect some ideas and information. Share with the students. Then try to make up a short story and write it down.
After finishing writing, ask the students to check their partner's work, then ask them to hand in their writings for marking.
IX. Workbook
Do Exercise 3, ask the students to find compound words.
For Exercise 6, do it with the whole class. The answers are:
1. put up 2. put. . . away 3. put on 4. put. . . down
5. Put up 6. Put. . . on 7. put down
Exercises in class
Rewrite the following sentences in another way.
1.I don't like watching TV, she doesn’t like it, either.
________ I ________ she _________ watching TV.
2. We should deal with the problem more carefully.
The problem ________ ________ ________ with more carefully _______ ________.
3. The buses were made in the factory.
They ________ the buses in the factory.
4. Talking in class is wrong.
It _________ right _________ _________in class.
Answers: 1. Neither…nor, likes 2. should be dealed, by us 3. made 4. isn’t, to talk
X. Homework
1. Prepare for the exam.
2. Finish off the exercises in the workbook.
探究活動
讀文談感受
讀下面關于時間的小資料，然后談一談自己的感受。
A punctual(守時的) person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.
The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. There is a proverb(諺語) which says, "Time flies never to be recalled(召回)." This is very true. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact time is life itself, and the unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset(財產(chǎn)) as well as others'. The unpunctual man is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through his immense amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every appointment promptly and deals with every piece of work when it has to be attended to.
用英語復述
讀下面的小文章，試著用英語復述。
你旅行時在時間上會發(fā)生很多奇怪的事，因為地球分為24個時區(qū)，一區(qū)相差一小時。有些天可能多于或少于24小時，有些星期可能多于或少于7天。
如果你用五天時間橫渡大西洋，你乘的船每天都進入一個不同的時區(qū)。你進入每一時區(qū)，時間就改變一小時。向西行，你把鐘往后撥；向東行，則往前撥。你旅行的每一天都有25或23小時。
如果你乘船橫渡太平洋，你就會越過國際日期變更線。根據(jù)協(xié)議，這是新一天開始的地方。你越過該線，就得把你的日歷向后或向前改動一整天。向東行，今天變成了昨天；向西行，今天變成了明天！
參考答案：
Strange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four time zones(時區(qū)), one hour apart. You can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.
If you make a five-day drip across the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)，your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours.
If you travel by ship across the Pacific(太平洋)， you cross the international date line(國際日期變更線). By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday; traveling west, it is tomorrow!
總結如何來做筆記
先在課堂上討論如何做筆記和如何使用筆記。把主要的結論寫在黑板上，讓學生選出一條結論在課后進行擴寫，一句話或兩句話即可，可使用字典等工具書，內(nèi)容要有生詞、主從句、動詞不定式、被動語態(tài)等語法項目。第二天或第在下節(jié)課上出示范句。
范句：
字跡清楚
Accurate, legible(字跡清楚的) notes are invaluable(非常寶貴的) aids to the student who is enrolled in a lecture course.
不但在聽講時,還在課前預習課文時
Notes should be taken during lectures, and when the student is reading the texts prior to each session of the course.
能聽進很多內(nèi)容，只記下教師所講內(nèi)容的要點
The key to good note-taking is to be able to listen a lot and to write only as much as is needed to record the essence(精華) of a point or idea presented by the lecturer.
辨別出主要論點和意見，并記下其概要
Students should endeavor(努力去) to identify only the main points and ideas being presented and to write them down in outline(概要) form.
力爭把筆記第一次記好
Students should also strive(力爭) to take good notes the first time and not plan to recopy notes - or to do so only when clarity and conciseness demand it
再把筆記復習
Students should review their notes for about five minutes on the same day that they take them, and go over them again for about half an hour at least once a week, according to a regular schedule or plan.
小結
There is no course syllabus(大綱) to be memorized; instead, the examination will be based on the material presented in the lectures and textbooks.
總結復習的重要性
組織學生們用英語來講一講復習的重要性。教師根據(jù)學生們提出的想法及時進行總結。
參考資料
Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning. An hour after studying or learning something new, more than 50% has been forgotten. After one month 80% has been forgotten and so on.
This shows that review is very important. If you review new material you have learnt, you remember much more. It's important to review newly learnt material a little and often. It's also necessary to have frequent breaks(間歇). We best remember what we learn at the beginning of a learning period and at the point where we stop. After the break, it's necessary to review what was learnt before the break - and then to continue learning the new material.
Other experiments have shown that the brain needs time to "digest" what has been learnt. The time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes. After a break of this time the memory will have absorbed what it has just learnt, and more will be remembered.
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