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In the library

時(shí)間:2023-02-27 04:53:32 九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)教案 我要投稿

In the library


教學(xué)目標(biāo)


  1.學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成以及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系和對(duì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的要求,以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 的陳述句形式和疑問(wèn)句形式及其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。要求學(xué)生能初步運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)態(tài)談?wù)撘恍┻^(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,掌握過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成。
  2.能夠熟練運(yùn)用本單元有關(guān)“借物、尋物”的交際用語(yǔ),正確運(yùn)用Have you got…? 和Do you have…?及其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)。
  3.掌握本單元的單詞和短語(yǔ),特別是used to,pay for,think of等用法。
  4.利用閱讀課文來(lái)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和根據(jù)上下文判斷生詞詞義的能力,并逐 步提高對(duì)學(xué)生閱讀速度的要求。
  5.要求學(xué)生能用自己組織的語(yǔ)言,對(duì)課文故事予以簡(jiǎn)述。

教學(xué)建議

單元內(nèi)容分析

  本單元主要教學(xué)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),圍繞“The lost book”開展教學(xué)活動(dòng)。學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)“借物和尋物”的交際用語(yǔ)以及到圖書館借閱圖書及相關(guān)事項(xiàng),著重使用了“Have you got…”這種句式,通過(guò)對(duì)話,教學(xué)了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法和構(gòu)成,重點(diǎn)分析過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。學(xué)習(xí)了過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成和動(dòng)詞加一ed后的讀音,if引導(dǎo)的從句中時(shí)態(tài)的使用,同時(shí)還學(xué)習(xí)了一些同義詞、近義詞的用法與區(qū)別。

ago 與before                                                          

  ago與before 是兩個(gè)表示“以前”的概念的單詞。在用法上,它們的區(qū)別是較大的。

   1)ago和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞連用,表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在以前的過(guò)去時(shí)間,它不能用于完成時(shí)態(tài),例如:

  Your friend was here a week ago, wasn't he? Of course he was.

  before可以和完成時(shí)態(tài)連用,也常常與never連用,表示在早先或過(guò)去的某時(shí)間的“以前”。

例如:

  I never met him before. He's new to me.

  下面以three years ago和three years before為例來(lái)進(jìn)行比較。three years ago用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),

表示從今天算起的“三年以前”;而three year before用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),表示從三年以前算

起的過(guò)去。試看下面的比較:

  A. I met him three years ago. We've been friends for 3 years.

  B. I had met him three years before. I met you in 1992.

  句A表示:“(從今天算起)三年前我遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他!本銪表示:“(從三年前追溯起)三年前我遇見(jiàn)過(guò)他一次!

  2) 另外before與ago單純?cè)谛问缴系膮^(qū)別是before可以單獨(dú)使用,ago必須與別的表示時(shí)間的詞連用。例如:

  I have read it before. It is a very good novel.

  I read it 3 years ago. But I can't remember everything about it.

例  Have you found the book? Yes, I _____it five minutes_______.

  A. have found, before      B. found, before

  C. has found, ago          D. found, ago

  解析 ago表示從現(xiàn)在算起的多少時(shí)間以前,用于一般過(guò)去式的句子中,before則表示從過(guò)去看的某時(shí)間以前或泛指以前,常見(jiàn)于完成時(shí)態(tài)。從本句的答語(yǔ)“我5分鐘前找到的”中,可以判斷是從現(xiàn)在算起的五分鐘前,故選D。

full與fill

 。1)fill v.把……填滿,常與with連用。如:

  Please fill the bags with rice. We've got to take them to the poor family in the village.

  fill也可以表示狀態(tài)。相當(dāng)與 be filled with。如:

   Smoke filled the room. = The room was filled with smoke.房間里濃煙彌漫。

  (2)fill in填入、填寫、塞滿,如:

  –Please fill in your telephone number and your name.

  –OK, But may I borrow your pen?

  –What shall I do if I want to find a job here?

  –Fill in the application form.

  (3)full adj. 滿的,充滿的。其結(jié)構(gòu)是be full of=be filled with,如:

  The basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled with apples.Enough for all of us.

  The bag full of books is mine. Please carry it for me, It's too heavy.

lose與 miss

  1)兩者都表示“丟失”。lose的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),含有丟失后不易找到;miss含有“發(fā)現(xiàn)丟失”之意。在很多情況下兩者可換用。例如:

  You said you have lost your watch. When did you miss it? 你說(shuō)把手表丟了,你什么時(shí)候丟的?

  2)lose通常用過(guò)去分詞(lost)作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);而miss則用其ing形式(missing)作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例如:

Is there anything missing (Is there anything lost) ?

  Nothing, so far as I know.

on與about

  二者都是介詞,意為“關(guān)于,論及”等,一般情況下,二者可以互相替換,但二者有點(diǎn)區(qū)別:about常用于簡(jiǎn)單的或淺顯的論述等,是一般用語(yǔ),多用于講故事,談話;思考等;on多用于系統(tǒng)論述或?qū)n}講演、論著等,具有學(xué)術(shù)性,如:

  The teacher told us a story about Lei Feng. It's very moving.

  He will give us a talk on the history of the Party.他將給我們做個(gè)關(guān)于黨史的報(bào)告。

正誤例析

  今天下午我們將聽(tīng)一個(gè)關(guān)于非洲歷史的演講。

  誤:We're going to listen to a lecture about African history his afternoon.

  正:We're going to listen to a lecture on African history this afternoon.

  析:介詞about和on都可以作“關(guān)于”解。on表示一本書、文章或演講是嚴(yán)肅的、學(xué)術(shù)性的,可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的人們參考;about則表示其內(nèi)容比較通俗,一般人都可閱讀。

  the lost books 丟失的書。

  The book was still missing.書還是找不到。

  lost=missing丟失的。英語(yǔ)中單個(gè)分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)也能作定語(yǔ)用,它們一般放在名詞的前面。又如:a stolen car一輛失竊的汽車;a broken wind。一扇破的窗;the giving name教名,名;a surprised girl一位感到吃驚的女孩。

come up with

  come up with= find or produce (an answer)意為“提出,提供”,它是由動(dòng)詞和介詞一起構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它的另一個(gè)意思是“趕上”。例如:

  I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能提出個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。

  We shall have to work hard to come up with them. 我們要努力工作,趕上他們。

類似的詞組有:

  catch up with  come in for pay for

  pay for意為“給……報(bào)酬”,“付款”。常見(jiàn)句型有:(1) pay for+貨物,(2) pay+名詞/代詞+for+物。例如:

  How much did you pay for that book?那本書你付了多少錢?

  I'll pay you five yuan for it.我將為此給你五元錢。

  I'm afraid can't pay you anything for it.我恐怕不能為此給你任何報(bào)酬。

  She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她以前是一位語(yǔ)文老師。

  used to意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)!保挥羞^(guò)去式,用于各種人稱的單、復(fù)數(shù),表示過(guò)去存在的,

  但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止的情況或習(xí)慣,后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:

  They used to come on foot,but they don’t do that again. They often come by bus. 他們過(guò)去經(jīng)常步行來(lái),現(xiàn)在不了。他們經(jīng)常乘車來(lái)。

  used to是表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。在表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣時(shí),used to是比較規(guī)則的習(xí)慣,它與would不太一樣,would側(cè)重于敘述過(guò)去的光景,used to側(cè)重于和現(xiàn)在相對(duì)照。

  used to的疑問(wèn)形式和否定形式可以用助詞did或自身形成構(gòu)成。美國(guó)人多用助動(dòng)詞  did;英國(guó)人多用used to本身。如:

  –Did you use to go there?

  –Yes, very often./No, only seldom.

  I used not to like Beijing opera, but now I’m very fond of it.我過(guò)去不喜歡京戲,但現(xiàn)在非常喜歡。
  他過(guò)去不常抽煙。

  注意區(qū)分be used to所表示的意思是“習(xí)慣于……”,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞,used是一個(gè)形容詞。例如:

I’m not used to drinking.我不習(xí)慣喝酒。

  She is used to running in the morning.她習(xí)慣早上跑步。

have got

  I think I've got one.我想我有一個(gè)。

  英語(yǔ)中表示“所有”用have,口語(yǔ)中常用 have got,其否定形式為haven't got,疑問(wèn)形式為Have…got…?在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常使用don't have,Do… have…?例如:

  I've got a book about chemistry. = I have a book about chemistry.我有一本化學(xué)書。

  He hasn't got an umbrella. = He doesn't have an umbrella. 他沒(méi)有雨傘。

  –Have you got a pencil sharpener? = Do you have a pencil sharpener?

  –Yes, here you are.

Have you got …?句型教學(xué)建議

  利用初一學(xué)過(guò)的表示“擁有”的交際用語(yǔ)引出“have got”句型,講解可先不講解它的時(shí)態(tài):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

  1.教師先和一個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)行下面的對(duì)話。

  T: Excuse me, Do you have a dictionary?

  S: Yes, I do.

  T: May I borrow them, please?

  S: Certainly. Here you are.

  T: Thank you.

  教師接過(guò)dictionary后,說(shuō):

  I have a dictionary

  I have got a dictionary

  并在黑板上板書:have got … ,然后讓學(xué)生反復(fù)跟讀。然后告訴學(xué)生這就是我們今天所要學(xué)的新句型:This is another way of saying “Do you have …?”

  2.教師可逐一取出一些畫片,邊取邊對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō):I have got a …或拿出一些實(shí)物進(jìn)行上面的句型練習(xí)。(a cup, a pen, a ruler, an eraser, a book等。)

關(guān)于課文The Lost Books教學(xué)建議

  1.在教學(xué)本課的課文The Lost Books之前,先就本課Part 1的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行回答,并寫一段短文關(guān)于自己如何愛(ài)書,以及從圖書館借書的經(jīng)歷,然后讓學(xué)生作演講。如:

  I like reading very much, because I’ve learned a lot from the book I read. I’ve bought many books and has got a small library of zoo interesting books. They are about many different subjects such as foreign languages, maths, history, geography and interesting stories. But my own library is still too small to meet my needs. I often borrow books from the school library. It has a great number of books. Many of them are very interesting. I’ve read so many interesting books in the school reading room. I’m a careful boy/girl. I never lose any library book. But some of my classmates do. When they are in such a trouble, I help them. I sometimes help them to buy new books. I even pick out the best books from my book shelves and give them to my friend in trouble. I believe a friend in need is a friend indeed.

   2.讓學(xué)生默讀課文,回答練習(xí)冊(cè)第2課練習(xí)1的8個(gè)問(wèn)題。

   3.把課文The Lost Books改成對(duì)話,由兩個(gè)學(xué)生分別扮演grandma和 librarian,表演一遍,然后讓學(xué)生輪換角色,以便更多的學(xué)生參加演出。實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生自編——自導(dǎo)——自演——語(yǔ)言探究活動(dòng)的過(guò)程。

參考范文部分:

  Librarian: Mrs. Li, I’ve heard the bad news. You’ve lost more books.

  Grandma: Yes, I’ve already lost 5 more books. I’m afraid I’ll have to pay for all the six lost books.

  Librarian: Never mind. I think someday you will find them. What about putting a bookmark in each of the borrowed books. Just leave a message on the bookmark. It may help a lot.

  Grandma: What do you think I should write on the bookmark?

  Librarian: Something like this: If you find this book, please return it to the school library. Then you can get a nice present from the librarian. I’m an old woman. But one is never too old to learn. I do hope you’ll help me to be a good reader of the school library books. Thank you very much from the bottom of my heart.

  4.讓學(xué)生閱讀英語(yǔ)泛讀Unit 1 的閱讀材料:Library Services,回答文后的五個(gè)問(wèn)題。

  5.讓學(xué)生在課后猜想管理員想出了什么辦法,同時(shí)也讓學(xué)生想其他的辦法為Grandma找回丟失的書。

  6.在教學(xué)這個(gè)故事的結(jié)尾部分前,先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生想想該如何幫助Grandma找回丟失的書,同時(shí)也猜想管理員想了什么方法為Grandma找回丟失的書。另外也可替管理員想些好辦法來(lái)鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)們歸還書。

  讓學(xué)生帶著下面的問(wèn)題閱讀這個(gè)故事的結(jié)尾部分:

  1. Why did they get books back so quickly?

  2. If you lost the book, how would you get it back?

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

  1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句式是have/has+過(guò)去分詞。例如:

  I have seen that film.我看過(guò)那部電影。

  We have just finished our homework.我們剛剛做完家庭作業(yè)。

  She has gone home.她回家去了。

  注意:該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞,has用于第三人稱單數(shù),其他人稱一律用have。該句式中have/has和過(guò)去分詞之間可插入just,譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),往往用“已經(jīng)”、“剛剛”、“過(guò)”或“了”等這類詞。

  2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或has提到主語(yǔ)之前。例如:

  Have you read this book yet?你讀過(guò)這本書嗎?

  Has he eaten that apple yet?他吃了那個(gè)蘋果了嗎?

  注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句往往在句末加yet。把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),往往表示“……過(guò)嗎?”“還沒(méi)有……嗎?”等。其肯定回答用Yes,主語(yǔ)+ have/has。否定回答用No,主語(yǔ)+haven’t/hasn’t.有時(shí)用 No,not yet.或 No,never.

  3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是have/has not +過(guò)去分詞。例如:

  We haven’t studied Book III yet.我們還沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)第三冊(cè)課本。

  The car hasn’t stopped yet.汽車還沒(méi)有停下來(lái)。

  注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句往往也在句末加yet;譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)表示“還沒(méi)有……”之意。

  二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法

  表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
例如:

  Have you read that story?你讀過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎?

 。ā白x”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響為:是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。)

I have bough two apples.我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。

 。ā百I”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。)

  在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用的幾個(gè)副詞:already;just,yet,  ever,never等。already,just多用于肯定句,yet,ever,never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。如:

  I have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。

  He has just had his meal. 他剛吃過(guò)飯。

  Have you ever heard this song?你曾聽(tīng)過(guò)這首歌嗎?

  They haven’t left yet.他們還沒(méi)動(dòng)身。

  We have never seen so beautiful flowers.我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這么漂亮的花。

語(yǔ)法教學(xué):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

  1.學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞

  動(dòng)詞的原形,過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的詞形變化即為動(dòng)詞的變化。絕大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,是在原形的字尾加ed構(gòu)成其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞;部分動(dòng)詞是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,它們不是依照加ed的規(guī)則變化的。

  2.教學(xué)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

  教師邊打開門,邊說(shuō):I’m opening the door. 門開后,教師問(wèn)學(xué)生:

  Is the door open? 學(xué)生回答說(shuō):Yes. It is. 教師接著說(shuō):

  I have opened the door already.

  向?qū)W生解釋,open the door的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生,現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果是the door is open. 要表述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響就要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)果讓學(xué)生體會(huì)這句話的意思,然后板書:用彩色粉筆寫出have opened.

  Teacher asks a student to clean the blackboard.

  該同學(xué)在擦拭擦黑板時(shí),教師向全班說(shuō):

  She is cleaning the blackboard.

  當(dāng)該同學(xué)擦完黑板,走回座位,教師讓全班看著擦干凈的黑板,啟發(fā)大家說(shuō)出:

  Ss:She has cleaned the blackboard.

   將句子寫在黑板上,讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。教師最后把“助動(dòng)詞have / has +過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)寫在黑板上。

  3.口頭訓(xùn)練在學(xué)生對(duì)部分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)有了認(rèn)識(shí)之后,教師可以進(jìn)而指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做一些口頭訓(xùn)練。開始時(shí)可用圖片或適當(dāng)?shù)那榫耙鲆恍┚渥。如?/p>

  用一個(gè)畫有蛋糕的圖片,加上旁白:“Yum, Yum, good!”引出句子:I have eaten the cake.
 

   畫一個(gè)女孩兒,加上旁白:“She is here.”引出句子:She has come.

 

  還可以補(bǔ)上一些句子:

  She has given the key to her mother.她把鑰匙給了母親。(鑰匙不在她這里。)

  He has read a book about science .他讀過(guò)一本科學(xué)讀物。(他對(duì)科學(xué)書籍有所接觸。)

  這樣做可以讓學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有所領(lǐng)悟,即現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不是單純表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。而是表示此動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的某種影響。教師最后可將這些句子用操練的形式讓學(xué)生改為否定式,疑問(wèn)句并加以回答。

   4.進(jìn)行比較教學(xué)。

   把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)進(jìn)行比較,由于它們都表達(dá)一個(gè)過(guò)去的概念,學(xué)生容易混淆它們之間的用法。

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的對(duì)間觀念是比較模糊的,籠統(tǒng)的,它不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是比較具體的,確切的,它必須和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:

   We went to the park last week. (一般過(guò)去時(shí))

  I haven’t read this book before. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

Lesson 1 Part 2  In the school library教學(xué)建議

  1.教師先放錄音,讓學(xué)生跟著重復(fù),然后讓學(xué)生猜測(cè)這個(gè)對(duì)話發(fā)生在什么地方。

  2.讓學(xué)生根據(jù)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容,猜測(cè)“several”和“shelf”的含義。

  3.條件較好,有圖書室的學(xué)校,可以讓學(xué)生到圖書室進(jìn)行借書表演。同時(shí)可以把這個(gè)對(duì)話

加工擴(kuò)展:

  A: Excuse me, have you got any books about …?

  B: Yes, we've got several. They're on that shelf

  A: May I borrow the book "… ", please?

  B: OK. Here you are. But you must give it back on time.

  A: OK. Thank you very much.

  4.讓學(xué)生兩個(gè)一組進(jìn)行對(duì)話表演。

Lesson 1 Part 3 的教學(xué)建議

  1.先讓學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行對(duì)話表演。

  2.然后要求學(xué)生將對(duì)話內(nèi)容改為短文:

Dialogue 1

  Jim can't find his history book. He asks Bob: "Have you seen my history book anywhere?" Bob doesn't think so. He tells Jim to look at the book on the desk. He thinks maybe it's Jim's history book.

Dialogue 2

  Tom has lost his dictionary. He asks Lucy about it. but Lucy hasn't seen it. She tells Tom to ask Jim about his lost dictionary. Jim says "Yes" to him. He saw it on Lin Tao's desk five minutes ago.

  He thinks it is still there.

Lesson 4 Part 4的教學(xué)建議

  首先教師可以仿照課文制作類似的卡片,然后講解卡片表達(dá)的信息。條件好的學(xué)校,可以到圖書館找出類似的查書卡,也可以讓學(xué)生到市或鎮(zhèn)等各圖書館調(diào)查圖書館如何給圖書分類,如何寫借書卡,然后寫出一個(gè)調(diào)查報(bào)告,包括以下幾個(gè)內(nèi)容:

  1.How many parts are there in a library?

  2.How are the books classified?

  3.What kinds of books do the readers like? Different people like different kinds of books?

  4. What kinds of borrower’s cards are there?

  5. What information can a borrower’s card give us? What kinds of knowledge can the reader get from the card?

  6.How can the reader find the book she wants? How do the cards make it convenient for the reader to borrow their books?

  7.How to cherish books? 

  8.The rules for a library. (可參照練習(xí)冊(cè)Lesson 4 Exercise 6)

要求用英文寫,文字簡(jiǎn)明扼要。

  教師讓學(xué)生來(lái)看看書上兩張借書卡片,然后讓學(xué)生說(shuō)說(shuō)從這兩張卡片中可以了解到一本書的大概信息:

第一張:

  從這張借書卡上我們可以知道:《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》;作者是夏洛蒂·勃朗特,她出生于1816年,死于1855年;本書于1990年由牛津大學(xué)出版社出版;全書共237頁(yè)。

書名:《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》

作者:夏洛蒂·勃朗特(1816-1855)

出版商:牛津大學(xué)出版社,1990

全書共237頁(yè)

第二張:

  這本書是《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》;作者是查爾斯·狄更斯,他出生于1812年,死于1870年;本書于1990年由牛津大學(xué)出版社出版;全書共215頁(yè)。

書名:《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》

作者:查爾斯· 狄更斯(1812-1870)

出版商:牛津大學(xué)出版社,1990

全書共215頁(yè)

  讓學(xué)生講講書上所給的計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上的文字顯示的相關(guān)信息:

  作者:瑪可麗特·米切爾

  書名:《飄》

  出版商:麥克米倫公司

  描述:發(fā)生在古老的美國(guó)南部的愛(ài)情史詩(shī)

  內(nèi)容:美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn),奴隸制,社會(huì)風(fēng)俗

教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Lesson one


一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容
  1.詞匯(略)。
  2.句型:1)Have you got…? 2) Have you found…yet? 3) I’m so glad.
  3.語(yǔ)法:初步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
二、教具
  錄音機(jī);一些學(xué)習(xí)、日常用具,如筆、字典、手表等。
三、課堂教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
  1.復(fù)習(xí) 值日生報(bào)告。
  2.教師可采用以下方法導(dǎo)出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài):
  教師走到教室門前,做開門動(dòng)作。邊開門邊問(wèn)學(xué)生:
  T:What am I doing?
  Ss:You are opening the door.
  打開門后,教師走回講臺(tái),手指開著的門,反復(fù)說(shuō):
  T:I have opened the door. Please look at the door. It is open now.
  板書這個(gè)句子,用彩色粉筆寫出助動(dòng)詞have和動(dòng)詞opened。
  Teacher asks a students to clean the blackboard.
  該同學(xué)在擦拭擦黑板時(shí),教師向全班說(shuō):
  She is cleaning the blackboard.
  當(dāng)該同學(xué)擦完黑板,走回座位,教師讓全班看著擦干凈的黑板,啟發(fā)大家說(shuō)出:
  Ss:She has cleaned the blackboard.
  3.板書剛才的主要句式。向?qū)W生介紹現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),要求學(xué)生觀察其構(gòu)成,扼要說(shuō)明這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去的行為對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果這一用法。
  4.利用黑板上的句式,扼要介紹現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成方法。
  5.打開書,學(xué)生閱讀課文第 3部分,教師布置兩個(gè)讀前提問(wèn)(Pre-reading questions):
  l)Where is the history book? 2)Where is the dictionary?
  兩分鐘后,請(qǐng)學(xué)生回答。聽(tīng)錄音,學(xué)生跟讀兩遍。
  6.請(qǐng)一位同學(xué)到教室外站一會(huì)兒。讓別的同學(xué)將他/她的英語(yǔ)書或尺子等物藏起來(lái)。請(qǐng)回這位同學(xué)。待他/她剛進(jìn)教室,尚未走到座位之前時(shí),教師提問(wèn):
  T:Have you got an English book (or: a ruler)?
 。篩es, I have.
  T:Can I borrow it, please?
  :Certainly.(走回自己座位,才發(fā)現(xiàn)東西不見(jiàn)了。教師要求該同學(xué)用剛剛學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)來(lái)表達(dá))
  Oh, I’ve lost my English book (Or; ruler).(問(wèn)旁邊的同學(xué))Have you seen it anywhere? 如效果較好,可請(qǐng)幾位同學(xué)反復(fù)表演。
  7.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做練習(xí)冊(cè)習(xí)題。
  8.布置作業(yè)
  1)練習(xí)朗讀本課對(duì)話,抄寫生詞;2)完成練習(xí)冊(cè)習(xí)題。
四、難點(diǎn)講解
  Have you got a pencil? 你有鉛筆嗎?
  在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中,have got可以用來(lái)代替have。
  在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,經(jīng)常使用have或has;而在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中則用have got或has got表示“有”。例如:
  She has blue eyes.(美國(guó)英語(yǔ);=She’s got blue eyes.)她長(zhǎng)著藍(lán)眼睛。
  Do you have a brother?(美國(guó)英語(yǔ);=Have you got a brother?)你有兄弟嗎?

教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Lesson 2


教學(xué)目的:
  1.進(jìn)一步掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用。
  2.學(xué)習(xí)課文The lost Books. 養(yǎng)成愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí),愛(ài)惜書的好習(xí)慣。
  3.掌握重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和句型。
  used to pay for come up with the borrowed book
  Her hobby is to read.
教具 錄音機(jī),小黑板(寫有不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞若干)。
教學(xué)過(guò)程
Step 1 Revision
  1. Revise Have got …?
  T: Have you got a ruler?
  S: Yes. I have.
  T: Can I borrow it.
  S: Certainly. Here you are.
  T: Thanks.
  2. Revise the Present Perfect Tense
  教師先說(shuō)出幾個(gè)句子,然后讓學(xué)生接著再說(shuō)一句,表明上句的結(jié)果。如:
  T: I have returned the book to the library. S: Now I can borrow a new one.
  T: She has finished her homework. S: She can have a rest (go out and   play).
  T: He has bought a new car. S: He can drive a new car now.
  T: We have seen the new film. S: It’s about a small white cat. It’s very interesting.
  T: They have lost the dog. S: They have put the dog’s photo in the newspaper. They want to find it.
  讓學(xué)生來(lái)總結(jié)出其構(gòu)成:have + v. ed
  出示小黑板,要求學(xué)生將上面列出的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式寫出。
Step 2 Presentation
  1.利用已學(xué)過(guò)的對(duì)話引出有關(guān)借書的話題。
  T: Have you got the book……?
  S: Yes. I have.
  T: Can I borrow it?
  S: Certainly. Here you are.
  然后教師問(wèn)學(xué)生:Do you often borrow books? Where can we borrow books from? 引出Library話題。
  2.讓學(xué)生談?wù)勛约航钑慕?jīng)歷,丟失了書該怎么辦。
  3.讓學(xué)生默讀一遍課文(五分鐘左右),并用鉛筆劃出課文中的生詞,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷這些詞的意思。然后回答下列幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
  1. What did my grandma do when she was young?
  2. What does she like?
  3. Do you like reading? Do you often borrow books from the school library?
  4. Did my grandma lose the library books last week? What book?
  5. What idea did the library think of?
  6. What other good idea do you have to get the lost books back?
  教師對(duì)學(xué)生標(biāo)出的新單詞進(jìn)行講解,并對(duì)文章中新出現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。
  1)used to
  意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)常”,它只有過(guò)去式,用于各種人稱的單、復(fù)數(shù),表示過(guò)去存在的,
但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止的情況或習(xí)慣,后接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
  They used to come on foot,but they don’t do that again. They often come by bus. 他們過(guò)去經(jīng)常步行來(lái),現(xiàn)在不了。他們經(jīng)常乘車來(lái)。
used to的疑問(wèn)形式和否定形式可以用助詞did或自身形成構(gòu)成。美國(guó)人多用助動(dòng)詞 did;英國(guó)人多用used to本身。如:
  他過(guò)去不常抽煙。

    
  注意區(qū)分be used to所表示的意思是“習(xí)慣于……”,后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞,used是一個(gè)形容詞。例如:
  I’m not used to drinking. 我不習(xí)慣喝酒。
  She is used to running in the morning. She is a very fast runner.
  2)Her hobby is to read. 她的業(yè)余愛(ài)好是讀書。
  to read 是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式,在句中用作表語(yǔ)。如:
  Her wish is to be a singer. 她的愿望是成為一個(gè)歌手。She sings a lot every day.
  3)pay for意為“給……報(bào)酬”,“付款”。常見(jiàn)句型有:(1) pay for+貨物,(2) pay+名詞/代詞+for+物。例如:
  How much did you pay for that book?20 yuan
  I’ll pay you five yuan for it.我將為此給你五元錢。
  I’m afraid I can’t pay you anything for it.我恐怕不能為此給你任何報(bào)酬。
  4)come up with= find or produce (an answer)意為“提出,提供”,它是由動(dòng)詞和介詞一起構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。它的另一個(gè)意思是“趕上”。例如:
  I hope you can come up with a better plan than this. 我希望你能提出個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃。
  5)the lost books lost=missing丟失的。英語(yǔ)中單個(gè)分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)也能作定語(yǔ)用,它們一般放在名詞的前面。又如:a stolen car一輛失竊的汽車;a broken wind。一扇破的窗。
  4.放錄音,讓學(xué)生先聽(tīng),然后跟讀。
  5.學(xué)生熟悉課文后,學(xué)生回答練習(xí)冊(cè) Ex 1.的問(wèn)題。
Step 3 Practice
  1.Do Workbook Lesson 2, Ex 1. in class.
  2.讓學(xué)生根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容改編成一短劇。并分角色表演。(見(jiàn)教學(xué)建議:表演:The Lost Book)
Step 4 Summary
  1.總結(jié)本課的重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)的用法:used to put down pay for come up with think of
  2.簡(jiǎn)要敘述課文內(nèi)容。
Step 5 Homework
  1.Retell the story: the lost book.
  2. Do Workbook Lesson 2, Ex 2、3

探究活動(dòng)

Activity about books
Teacher asks students to look for some famous books in the library, such as: Oliver Twist, the
Red and the Black, the Tales of Two City and so on. Finish these items:
First, teacher asks the students to give a talk about how to find the book and some
information about the book he looked for.
Second, ask the students to write a borrower's card about the book.

Make an investigation report
Ask students to interview one of your school librarians. Fill in the form on page 4 in
students' book. Then make a report with the help of the form.

英語(yǔ)短文描述
簡(jiǎn)單介紹自己學(xué)校圖書館,以及自己如何愛(ài)惜書
或以Book is my friend(必須談?wù)剷鴮?duì)你學(xué)習(xí)的幫助。)為題寫一篇短文。

表演
教師可以讓學(xué)生仿照課文The Lost Book寫一個(gè)劇本,讓四個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)表演,分別扮演:Miss Yang, a boy, Han Meimei, Lucy。參考對(duì)話如下:
(Miss Yang is working at her desk in the library. A boy comes into the library.)
Boy: Excuse me, have you got any books about the moon and the stars?
Miss Yang: Yes, they’re on that shelf over there.
(Now Han Meimei comes in)
Han Meimei: Excuse me, Miss Yang, I’m very sorry. I borrowed a book from the library two weeks ago. But I can’t find it. I think I’ve lost it.
Miss Yang: Are you sure you’ve lost it?
Han Meimei: Yes, I’ve looked for it everywhere. I’ve looked round the whole school. I can’t find it anywhere.
Miss Yang: What was the name of the book?
Han Meimei: Red Star over China.
Miss Yang: What a pity! I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
(At the moment Lucy comes into the library)
Lucy: Excuse me, Miss Yang. I’ve just found this library book.
Han Meimei: that’s mine!
Miss Yang: No, it isn’t yours! It’s the library’s. Please be more careful from now on!
Han Meimei: Yes, Miss Yang. I’m very sorry. Usually I’m very careful. I have never lost a book before. It won’t happen again.
Miss Yang: OK! Let’s forget the whole thing.
Han Meimei: Thank you



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