(x)cx15ƪ
ƷζһһµĸͿҪ^^팑һxôĕxІСռġcxHϣ܉
cx1
˂Աܷŗ
죬x˺ġcӵĹҐ۲
cҪvһϝOʥĹ84]឵һl~85ʥhһlR~ϝOc˃឵@lR~]뵽ڻ·˟o(sh)~uϝOƴKڎR~ؼ@lR~~ҧ˹^
ϝOڲR~^չF(xin)ˡӲh`ĿMoӏȻܽ^ŗԳcCﲫ룺(ni)ĵĄ͈ԶAĄ@һֵÌWĵط
JϝOc~rF(xin)ğoη挦SyΣU]п֑ȥ(zhn)@ϝOľ־һWWl(f)
һVZ˿Ա^ܷŗ@ǹĄ˂?ni)÷eOMSh@ԼڬF(xin)һ꠆T҂ҵδMϣȻyrҽ(jng)²˿sc¸ҵϝO@ǧ֮⣡
뵽@ҲŭПﰵQģұŬW挦WеyϝOһ¸ңñMһkʧĵطվ^m(x)ǰM
coҺܴ`ȻM^m(x)ڕĺΡ
cx2
W(ni)˹ءՠ1890-1961Сf1954@ZؐČWwСfĄ(chung)ʼ
@ҪǹŰһλɣ၆ϝO84]дһl~ǰЂZֵСһ~^ˎׂZֵĸĸJ˵ùȥһl~Ȼһھʹl~ÿСҊ˿մwﲻζ˺ͺڵ85糿һx`mȻ߀]˷~DĿD(zhun)ĶួzĕrҊ¶ˮһUӼٵĸˮC࣬_@һl~@~(zhn)ěQġ@l~rˏā]Ҋ^ĺ f^ıĴ߀LӢߵһl~~ĄŷdzСһֱ˺ʹ~һֱڲڴ֮н(jng)vyġδ(jng)ܵĿ˻˃ҹĕrgK~İƤ¶˳߅~߅УѪζ~ćmȻ˚ˎחlS~˴~ˎһǼܻص˰߅
x@Ҟ˲ŗОЄԇ@Nh(hun)@l~ܲŗB(zhn)ȥ~u܈ԳȥһЩˈԳ֣(sh)ŗ܈ԳȥԳֲиľ,@NֵÌW
@ҵx
cx3
˲Ǟʧһ˿Աܽo@ǡc@˹һλLTϝOɣԒҾþòƽo
ٵĵһd²Aһ۾Ϳ@_˱īĹ鹝(ji)uu،@ؼҺּƷζ˕@ҪvһλɣϝO̵һeĴO(jng)vBm(x)ʮ]дһl~ڵڶdz\ز@һlĴR~ڽ(jng)^һKڌޟoR~˨ڴ^㎧ؼSС~Ѫȶ퓌Zđ(zhn)Ʒڽ(jng)^o(sh)εcԳ£mȻ˃~R~ֻʣһ~^
ڳMɫʵȫ֮УһzcǾһRZֵĺӎ˵ഺʹһ
ܺõ.҂ƽrČWеĽ(jng)vƺҵԼӰڌWУҲWƿi֪Rһ֪W֪RȫλWɿȻܳɫÿ@Nrҽ(jng)ãԞԼІ}\ԇҲ֪RڌWпĿ@ҶԺκεyһҪнQyֱy}ȻҪԳ֪RceOͨ^ώYϽQҪ_֪Rի@Լijɹ
ϕٴλһ˵ԒҾٱҕW˵ƷcԼδijL·ЦyԳŬȡóɹ
cx4
һc߀ӛ@һλ09WLI(y)xУͽoҵһѕеһܺǰ벿g벿ӢZԭǺһλң@áZؐČW.䌍ڿ@֮ǰһҊ@@Ԓ֮һ˿ԱDzܱrֻҪ߀ô߀гɹϣ֮W^һЩСf(ji)x磺(zhn)eȡ
@c߅Ҳƽ^XˡСк˲Ǘl~ԼһȺ퓌ʳ~~@ׂɫ˹ªһһڲ~һ(jng)SϝOmȻˣX@@߀DZ^ҸģСкνo@SοСк˵ǺwN˪һڰ¹ããĴc~RΣUĕr뵽Ск@СкһXСкԽoҪǺСкԒǿ϶Կ˷ܶyԲ~˾I(y)^߀ϲgZǗl@Ĵ~һЩ~ӶB퓌ʳ@l~r˛Qc\^һһҹƣvw̎܂ң¸ҵc~֮·ص˺һ˿Աܱ~rf'СкּĵطܸЄңһˌǗl~ː[֮@һNһNµ̵ĸڶ˼ҵ¸ҡoη~ܱoŏcСк顣
@ֵһx@λҲֵȥ˽⡣
cx5
һ顶cƽˎָпBЩ
Pһ\ŪĹŰϝOʥĹ߀Pһк
hĴȥ~ǷN֪䲻ɞ֮Փ~С̹һһα~ʼKñMһֶMзʲôҲoݚӢµ־һ䡰Ҹ㵽AsڴҶԡ
һ˰ȥcIJܲӢ~gһƉĻxʹ˵һSrSض@ƉDzͣѭh(hun)ϲĻDZĻҲζϲٶȵLjˌR~`Y(ji)ͬrҲ߀ڡjᄡԼı~uǑõĈһ˻ϿoՓĖ|ǺljֶxDZҲS܉õõĽY(ji)ڳMɫʵ֮УһzcǾǺӎ˵ഺʹһÿһ˶һͯģһ粻ٿǻɫ㮔rеͣҲӛǰϴ
˵Ԓ˲Ǟʧһ˿Աܽo˱ĵwǺֵĄ挦s]挦ʧyʧ˿ĺLAsһѪҲSµĿ@Щ
һ˿Աܱf@ԒؐfҿԱݚҲܱ@Щܱ@ЩܱǸFʡǣкʹ˻ۡȥĄ
cx6
һ峿ҪһڼMҊϷһbĕ߽һҺġcĹmһh(hun)h(hun)۵Ĺ鹝(ji)Ҹпfǧ
cҪvһλԳ~ϝOʥʮԳsһo@ɾ˲]зŗһֳˣ{ԏDyIJKڲ@һlС߀ҪܶĴR~ڷ;~mȻˊ^~߀dzԵ˴R~еصһ~Ǽܡ
xظ҂Sy磬҂MɆTÌWD(zhun)uһ܊СMʧȥϣD(zhun)һ롶cеľӣ˿ԱݚܱXÛ]ʲô˵ȻMġ
Xʥϻ~HHһl~^ĴR~߀Bͳ־wF(xin)]ݔy]˿sdzɹġ҂ԓ@λˌWW挦˿sŬ˷¸ҌľƷ|(zh)
㿴۵(jng)^ǧεČʧɹKԼM늟˽(jng)v^fε.ʧ{ĺKڰl(f)F(xin)˷ԪءDZؐȰȫըˎڎʮεʧУ挦ʧȥH˵ʹͱ˵IЦSȻ^m(x)܊I(y)ؕI
挦۵ĕr҂DzֻҪĴ҂Ҫʥһ~ȻDŽߣڄ˵ľ¸ƴ^^@x꺣ccθ
cx7
һͨϝOһlR~һȺ͵Ĵ~ãã[һ@ĄǵĹ@СfҺĴc
СfһϝO~ĵ85឵һlR~@lR~̫ˣСںŽƣMСһ(c)ȻѪζ˴~˲Ըŗ80ɹc~R~ȻӲ^Թ\صOەrֻʣ~
һ˲Ҫcе@Ԓʹӡʮ̡˾һλܱһ(zhn)ěQĺҲٵmȻֻ~ȥһʧȻһߡ
ҷdzJ@NԳֲиľ㌦ُҲ]нz˿sӭy@NӲhʹ@@^Ą
ҲҺPСpĿʧpʧŗˆώĎԼ.ŬKڿԺһfԒȺʮಿ߀ġrܿuʮoʮӢż֮һһŮӞαQӢǷNԳֲиľһDzܱ
Ҳ뵽Լyr͕a(chn)ؓwpԷŗӛÄ_ʼW݆rҪe˷һccǰŲӡһÓx˄e˾ˤӣˤˎӺұ㲻هLԇٴʧ߀Ǜ]ЌW݆
c@̽o҂̫@ҵl(f)׃ňԏ־κһ߷
cx8
x^ĕϲgǡc
@vһ˳~ںƯһһo@rv(jng)ǧfಶ@һlR~@~Ȼ˵Ĵ߀ҪKӰ~סڴϵһ߅ڻؼҵ.·~mȻc~~߀ǰ˽(jng)^ҹIJŲ@ĴR~Եֻʣһ~
x@и|ȥĩԇҿԓijɿһֱXГ]֮ȥ׃ô^ʚoԏҿ@cҵ뷨׃@˹ϝOʥʧ84Ҳ]ŗ^m(x)85εƴʧһ˚Hfϟoy£ֻ־¾cϝOȣ@ČWʧһʲôPϵDzǸԓǷNŗľ
٣ÿڶġҶҪе̫ꖡȭnʮѺѱ߀ҪһСrӖ״ŗ鿴@ҧԳϝOô~ġ~~~汻~Сͱ~Сľ{~ľ{ϝO]в~һɹC鲻ôӣһֱڈԳǷN\ʧM(zhn)ľ̫ˡ
҂ܽ(jng)vһδʧ˵IJʧľhƜ@Nڼ^Wеʧ^еʧ~ɹı˰
cx9
ϲg̩Ȼһƽ(sh)ʮ첶~Ĉ;ϲg̹Ȼһ˳~Ĺ;ϲg@֮c~Ӣ¡ڕƷcĂ
峿ӭLxƷxҹ»ζt߀ɽu߀δQcȡԺ۾Ȼ_LȥһĘAҲȻ˯ȥҲѽ(jng)^С
ң.ҹɫĨㆾڕcͬϲ
oҵǿ]۵鹝(ji)Уȥǂҿ]挦˵IJм̈́f̹Ȼ挦~(zhn)͟oηˌȫԸ˼ԓ挦ǻŁyӸZ
߀̹Ȼͬ?ԓôӌۣĬĬʜIЂ߀ԔǰM?ԓô룬ǿvSĭʧ߀Ǿoȥ|?xDysõĺҕ܂ҲLеο
ȾҵZԡ˲ǷdzɵġȎsҪŹǰÿһ춼һµӣ\ȻǺ^Ըֺ\ĕr
Iܺ\żȻģrґóIȥÿһ죺һ˲ҪMɾǴ@Ԓ^(jng)ܲȾ?
ӰҵģǾ˵Ę^¸҄Y(ji)һWҫɢl(f)Ĺâ@һǹâ;،ڴǰԗʧfDŽ_ʼҷ·@
һwͬWҫģںڰɢl(f)â
Ҹx̓rֵڞ(zh)^
ppһˬ՚ķ㡣ǴǰĻ߀ϵĕ?
cx10
һʥϝOBm(x)ʮ]ץһl~ǜʂܿץһl1500ĴR~@lR~͝OˎҹO߀^ܶyʳȱˮֳ˵ȷNNy(jng)^ҹKښ˴R~~ζһȺ~~ⱻ~
x꡶c@ƪһֱ˼һ}ߞʲôO(zhn)~һlĴR~@}˺ܾãKߵ.DҪǎһlĴR~Ĵ˿ܕc@lR~Ĵ˿Ҳץʲô~PʧGݡؔچʧ־СкҲܲǰôҪȻôоúl(xing)֪ѽ߀һNҺYԴԽԽˡpĕr͛]ooŮooֻܿ~Sں߅ѽ(jng)ឲʲô~ˣֻw֧w~߀˳ЦJ@һС@ӵBoQЩ˺\һܾͲl~pѵHʳonСкЩێʿЌʿ@ЩһСвͬĵλijЩ˵ĿҲͬ
@ƪ߀֪һӺxֻҪЈԏ־ʲô鶼һѽ(jng)ʮ]~ˣȻŗץһlR~ҪȻЇôоԒ־¾ѽ
cx11
ܾúܾǰҲӻӵ֪˹µĴŃ(ni)һֱҲȥµ鹝(ji)ͨѽ(jng)˂úεһԒV㡣
ڿСĕrһƪPڡcx˿@dȤ
_Ҷڴ@oʲôӵľxrsl(f)F(xin)ԭ˂(jng)Y(ji)ǾԒcvһϝOںc~K឵~Ĺ¡ľ@ӵһε?jng)]ж鹝(ji)ڿһrԼ߀Ԟ顶cĹ߀]ʮʮֵڞʲôZؐ
S治ҵIJʵIJҲֻǿĴеһ~ۣcˮ²֪һ~(sh)Ҳe^ˎ״β^~Ⱥܶu˕wF(xin)˲ϵľ҅sһԼΣUеľǾ^^
]г־õУǰ@Nl(f)չɹ̈(zh)Ͳ^Ȳ½(jng)оԒфt^ѡ^ڈӲLش֮ҲS±Ǻҵ.^Щ_ͻԌvĹ²ϲgʧ
ڴϵ鹝(ji)SǾԼ֑x@ΕreIJ@ҲSҲвϲgԭ
Լxҵ@cһƪСfҲӲh߀ЎƪY(ji)ĺͻȻ˶ЩDzǿ˱ٕ
cx12
xҺСfcʮСfϝO־ҶһһҪЈԳֲиľܫ@óɹ
һҴԽ^ıM^δ֪Ĵ^ϑҒһmȻ(jng)LꄃgsfGoȵãһĂWWl(f)⡪ԽOߺ@urƷc
xc@СfMınjǷNԔϵľЄӡ۷ǘ㌍ǿɾĄڄ
нBһλ˳ꪚһںϴ~һ឵һl~@ʹMڻؼҵ·s~ʹ┵(sh)c~ƴ~ܳԵ~ⶼY(ji)Ǘl~~Ե߀ֻʣ²һ룬˾ͰǗl~xˣҸЄӵһͨԒZһ˲ҪoMsܴ@ͨ'ԒǛ]бκyMԼŬcиNӵĥy˿sđ(zhn)ǘӵĘ㌍oA]бԹϵی˵IJֻԼʣµĹꎁ팍F(xin)Լĉ룺һl~@ɹKڳɹĴһl~@l~Ƕôѽ˽(jng)^ǧfϻؼҁġ
x@ƪСf҂ܿ@˼µ茑ԸwF(xin)nϵĘwF(xin)һԔľĹµ_ʼ؞µĽY(ji)β˵@NڸЄӲ҂xҪɣᰢ@һλͨпɾĄڄߌW
cx13
ããľ@_ʼĵطȻжڲУվcoFȻcV㣬ȻǰǶô߀V־ǰκΖ|øʰL
@һɰҴ̫ˣùӰ~ֻҪИж̹жһҪԇһԇ@һλ挦һȺI~ǵȫںƯһȺcAA~rsHЃֻһ̹һlŗҲSһձɽ@һ̅sxˈԳ֣ҲSʲô𰸺܆μHHֻǞoһl~@λһӢ۵һl~
̫ϼһˆشǿ϶Ƿwѽ(jng)ȥһwʿhϵģǰҽ(jng)ԼԴ^ʲôҽKһwLCMġɫ.ڽ^rhŗ
~Ҫˡ^@(qun)ֵҏā]Ҋ^һ|ÿŪlҪlҊ^ڷQҪԼČ֞顰ֵܡΛrֻһl~ь@lcƣߵġӢۡԼֵܣ@l~֮gѲnjp錦ĈԳֶԼҲܵ
cѿ^ƽѽ(jng)׃һNL˼ĺ˸V҂ˏā]Б(zhn)^ȻҲSԺҲ˿xxֻҪ҂xԳһw(zhn)ǰ]дĔˣ]J^yP
cx14
cһǑ߽WӰ푵Сf˹һڞһlС~
һB84]һl~r£]˶H෴Խӵֱ85γһֻ~qĴ^ˣ挦@Ȼrƺd˶Ĵ~(jng)K߀շ˜ʂ䎧@Щ(zhn)Ʒrܵ˹ゃ]e߾Ǻа----~@~һlɗlһȺһȺһһεBm(x)挦@Щ~rdɫһһεؓ͵.~룬@ԓǡý(jng)ɳϱĽ(jng)f@ゃԓ֪ǷNӲhľ˰ǣһ(zh)挦yUƽoЈԏηsˣһ·ǰֱ_ı˰ŗHֱ_Ŀٷŗ
ڬF(xin)҂Ҫ@NBԳֲиηDyU挦ĐrǷNݲoηֵķֻMڬF(xin)ڐĉȥ¸ҵԼأôY(ji)ҿ֪Сf˵ľδ푪ԓһһʵĮ
ЌW҂Ҳԓǘӆ挦yەrҪBԳֲиؾȥ(zhn)ȥ˷ڌWУy}ԓӭ˿s҂СfеһԼδһƬxһȥŬƴͰ
cx15
xһÕСcҺ@Ĵ@vһ\ϝO84춼]д~ڵ85rںһl~(jng)^һһҹĈԳKڲ@˴~ڷ·һȺ~^c~ˎחl~~K߀ǰѴ~oֻһ@~
ϣ˛]סǗl~ʧH@˳ɹһ·SyԳֲи]˿smȻKȥ'ֻһ~ǣsڷNNĥyЫ@Ą@NԳֲиĿFҷdzЄ
(lin)뵽ԼڌWٷ͛]܈ԳֲиҌWѽ(jng)^ļҾҪ˼ˡ˼ĿҶԲyٶҪdzߣҪ_126(jng)^ɂWڵŬҽKھ90ǽ҅sҲٶһ죬ҪôҪôeÿζ͏͵ľͬһӣҸXܿoġـⲻ뾚^m(x)Wȥ@rcеλˣ挦ѵĴ~c~]зŗԳȥʲôɷŗأ_ʼŬˡֻҪÿԳ־һͨ^
xˡc˜\ゃҲsмxһx
cxСP£
cxСcxз08-20
c08-16
xcи3ƪ cx07-09
cx08-15
ctx08-21
cx08-23
cx07-23
ctx08-06
cx08-24
cx07-31